2001年第1期海船船员适任证书全国统考试题(总第26期)科目:轮机维护与修理 试卷代号:874

2001年第1期海船船员适任证书全国统考试题(总第26期)科目:轮机维护与修理        试卷代号:874
2001年第1期海船船员适任证书全国统考试题(总第26期)科目:轮机维护与修理        试卷代号:874

中华人民共和国海事局

2001年第1期海船船员适任证书全国统考试题(总第26期)

科目:轮机维护与修理试卷代号:874

适用对象:750-3000KW船舶二/三管轮

(本试卷卷面总分100分,及格分为70分,考试时间100分钟)

答题说明:本试卷试题均为单项选择题,请选择一个最合适的答案,并将该答案按答题卡要求,在其相应位置上用2B铅笔涂黑。每题1分,共100分。

1.船舶机械或零部件规定功能的丧失称为。

A.磨损 B.腐蚀 C.故障 D.断裂

2.妨碍产品完成规定功能的某种可能形式称为。

A.故障机理 B.故障模式 C.故障现象 D.故障征兆

3.某个系统由N个独立的部件组成,N个部件中只要有一个部件发生故障,系统就发生故障,这样的系统称为。

A.并联系统 B.串联系统 C.混联系统 D.储备系统

4.产品在规定的时间、规定的条件下完成规定功能的能力,称为。

A.可靠度 B.可靠性C.有效性 D.有效度

5.燃油中的沥青成份,会导致。

A.高温腐蚀

B.低温腐蚀

C.颗粒磨损

D.磨料磨损

6.如果摩擦副表面存在一层极薄的润滑油膜,此时的摩擦称为。

A.液体摩擦 B.干摩擦 C.边界摩擦 D.动摩擦

7.机器投入正常运转前,必须获得良好的。

A.摩擦质量 B.磨合质量 C.润滑质量 D.边界润滑质量

8.机器在运转过程中,相对运动的摩擦表面的物质逐渐损耗,使零件尺寸、形状和位置精度以及表面质量发生变化的现象,称为。

A.摩擦 B.边界摩擦 C.磨损 D.粘着磨损

9.金属腐蚀若覆盖整个零件,则称为_________。

A.局部腐蚀B.宏观腐蚀C.微观腐蚀D.全面腐蚀

10.利用电阻性能指标衡量金属腐蚀程度,正确叙述是:

A.测电阻时要清除腐蚀产物,以免影响测量结果 B.适用于薄和细的零件的衡量C.适于衡量密度不均的金属腐蚀速度 D.以上均不正确

11.穴蚀亦称为_________。

A.空泡腐蚀B.汽蚀C.A或B D.点蚀

12.冷却水温度过低导致淡水出口温度过低,可能会使柴油机_________。

①热损失减小②热应力减小③低温腐蚀

A.①② B.②③ C.③ D.①②③

13.疲劳断裂按环境影响可分为_________。

A.腐蚀疲劳 B.高温疲劳

C.A+B D.A或B 14.应力集中大小可用__________ 表示。

A.最大正应力 B.最大剪应力

C.应力集中系数 D.应力循环特征值

15.用听响法检查船机零件有无缺陷时,如果声音沙哑,则表示零件内部或表面_________ 。 A.无缺陷 B.有缺陷 C.不一定 D.表面无缺陷

16.状态监测与故障诊断相比,所采用的仪器一般_________ 。

A.比较简单 B.比较复杂 C.一样复杂D.都不对

17.在船舶机械的油液监测技术中,如果希望得到磨粒形貌、尺寸方面的信息,则应采用的检测方法是:

A.光谱分析 B.常规理化性能分析 C.铁谱分析 D.A或B

18.利用船舶机械上的仪器、仪表测定船舶机械的各项性能参数,经数据处理、比较和分析后判断其运转状态和趋势,这种方法称为_________ 。

A.故障诊断 B.振动分析法 C.性能参数分析法 D.温度监测

19.常规清洗主要是去除_________ 。

A.铁锈B.油污C.水垢D.积碳

20.稀盐酸清洗常用的浓度是 _________。

A.10% B.20% C.30% D.40%

21.下列不属于研磨分类的是_________ 。

A.粗研 B.半粗研 C.精研 D.半精研

22.下列方法属于钳工修配的是_________。

A.喷涂 B.锉削 C.磨削 D.钻

23.组合式曲轴若发现个别轴颈有缺陷,可以采用 _________。

A.局部更换 B.成套更换C.焊补 D.热喷涂

24.活塞环槽光车属于。

A.修理尺寸法 B.恢复原始尺寸法 C.尺寸选配法 D.更换法

25.熔焊与压焊的区别在于是否_________。

A.加热 B.加压 C.惰性气体保护 D.A+B+C

26.钢管焊接采用_________ 。

A.钎焊 B.电焊 C.等离子焊 D.电渣焊

27.由磷酸、氧化铜、氢氧化铝配制的无机粘接剂常用于_________环境。

A.500℃ B.400℃ C.300℃ D.200℃

28.关于粘接剂,下列叙述不正确的是_________.

A.粘接不增加零件的重量B.不破坏材料的性能

C.室温下粘接对零件无热影响 D.固化时间长,收缩率大,膨胀系数大

29.检查进排气阀密封质量的方法有_________。

A.观察法 B.铅迹法 C.注油法 D.以上全部

30.气缸最大缸径增量△D=_________.

A.D

max

—D

公称

B.D

max

—D

min

C.D

公称

—D

max

D.D

公称

—D

min

31.铸铁活塞环的正常磨损率为_________.

A.0.1~0.5mm/kh B.0.01~0.05mm/kh C.0.5~1mm/kh D.0.05~0.1mm/kh

32.活塞环的硬度应比缸套_________。

A.软10~20HB B.硬10~20HB C.硬10~20HRC D.软10~20HRC 33.某曲柄实测臂距差如图所示(单位mm),则。

A.上凸0.01

B.下凸

C.左凸 0.04 0.04

D.全不对

34.曲轴轴径表面擦伤或腐蚀后应修理。

A.车削B.磨削C.钳工D.不必

35.曲轴轴径过度磨损后,可采取工艺修复。

A.镀Cu

B.镀Fe

C.镀Cr

D.电刷镀

36.垂直面上的臂距差为_________。

A.L

上-L

B.(L

-L

)/2 C.L

+L

D.(L

+L

)/2

37.下列关于铸铁零件的焊接工艺,错误的说法是_________ 。

A.铸铁件的黄铜钎焊属于硬钎焊

B.磨损件堆焊常用“短段热焊法”,预热到600-700℃,属于热焊的范畴

C.铸铁焊补的预热一般用气焊预热,因其热影响区域大

D.为防止焊补后产生裂纹,故焊后须进行缓冷或低温退火

38.为了保证针阀锥面的有效密封,研磨时,阀线宽度应控制在。

A.0.1~0.3mm B.0.3~0.5mm C.0.5~0.8 mm D.0.8~1.0 mm

39.一般情况下,要求针阀的锥角>阀座的锥角_________.

A.0.5~1.0°

B.1.0~1.5°

C.1.5~2.0°

D.2.0~2.5°

40.更换轴瓦时主轴承下瓦与主轴颈的接触面积应为_________。

A.40~60°包角内不小于75%

B.40~60°包角内不小于85%

C.60~90°包角内不小于75%

D.60~90°包角内不小于85%

41.下列对故障模式的理解,不正确的是_________ 。

A.故障模式即故障的表现形式 B.故障模式或是单一的,或是综合的

C.产品的故障模式是固定不变的 D.磨损、腐蚀、疲劳破坏等是船机设备的故障模式42.工作到某时刻尚未发生故障的产品,在该时刻后单位时间内发生故障的概率,称为:

A.故障密度函数 B.故障率 C.平均寿命 D.不可靠度

43.对并联系统,并联的部件越多,系统的可靠性_________ 。

A.越高 B.越低

C.与部件数量无关 D.与部件数量关系不太大

44.某船舶动力系统由3个工作单元串联而成,其中可靠度最低的单元的可靠度为0.8,则由这3个工作单元组成的系统的可靠度_________ 。

A.一定大于0.8 B.一定小于0.8 C.在0.8左右D.大小不一定45.为了提高边界润滑的效果,在润滑油中可加入_________。

A.极压剂B.油性剂 C.抗泡剂D.A或B

46.在解释摩擦产生原因的理论中,人们比较公认的理论是:

A.机械啮合理论 B.分子理论 C.分子机械理论 D.粘着理论47.在磨擦表面发生塑性变形的同时,由于金属分子间的吸引力和相互扩散而溶合在一起,即在接触点处发生粘着,这种现象称为。

A.磨损 B.冷焊C.干磨擦D.摩擦

48.螺栓、金属垫块、法兰、键与键槽,容易发生的磨损形式是。

A.氧化磨损B.腐蚀磨损C.粘着磨损D.微动磨损

49.衡量金属腐蚀的几个指标中,最适用于衡量密度不同的各金属腐蚀速度的是_________。

A.重量指标

B.深度指标

C.容量指标

D.电阻性能指标

50.螺旋桨容易发生空泡腐蚀的部位是:

A.桨叶梢端

B. 桨叶最外缘处附近

C.桨叶根部

D. 桨叶中部

51.增加气缸套的刚度可以减少穴蚀,其措施是_________。

A.增加缸套壁厚尺寸B.减小活塞缸套间隙

C.增加材料强度 D.减小缸套与缸体安装间隙

52.韧性断裂之前,材料_________。

A.有明显的塑性变形 B.无明显的塑性变形 C.不一定 D.A或B

53.液压试验法,适用于的检查。

A.强度要求高的零件 B.有密封性要求的零件C.对表面有无缺陷的零件 D.A+B+C 54.煤油白粉法适用于检查_________缺陷。

A.表面裂纹 B.表面磨损 C.内部缩孔 D.内部疏松

55.在船舶柴油机的曲柄箱上设置正压传感器,在曲柄箱内压力超过极限值时报警,这种监测方法属于:

A.无损检测B.振动监测 C.油液监测 D.性能参数监测

56.状态监测与故障诊断相比,对操作人员的要求一般:

A.比较高 B.比较低 C.一样高 D.都不对

57.碱洗法常用的溶液有_________ 。

A.NaOH B.Na

2

CO

3

C.NaCl D.A+B

58.采用恢复原始尺寸法修复零件后,配合间隙得到__________ 。

A.恢复 B.改变 C.满足 D.不一定

59.尺寸选配法使用于_________ 。

A.单件 B.批件 C.成组 D.不一定

60下列关于粘结的说法中,错误的是:

A.离心泵叶轮与泵轴配合松动可用“厌氧胶”进行修理

B.氧化铜胶粘剂不允许在一块铁板上进行配制

C.无机粘结剂适用于高温且冲击负荷小的场合

D.造船厂常用无机胶粘机替代铸铁垫块以提高生产效率

61.安装活塞环时为了_________应将搭口错开。

A.防止窜气 B.防止粘着 C.防止断裂 D.防止窜油

62.对于船舶主机缸套的裂纹,不合理的修理方法是_________。

A.钳工修刮B.胶粘剂修理C.焊接D.强密扣合

63.正常时,曲轴发火间隔角的误差应为_________。

A.0.5?B.1?C.1.5?D.2?

64.无连杆状态下,盘车一周需测曲轴_________个臂距值.

A.3 B.4 C.5 D.6

65.轴瓦背与轴承座应贴合良好,厚壁瓦安装完毕_________的塞尺不得塞入。

A.0.05mm B.0.1mm C.0.15mm D.0.20mm

66.检查喷油器密封性的定性方法是_________。

A.滑动试验法 B.燃油漏损定量法 C.启阀压力试验D.雾化试验

67.清洗后的精密偶件可用________擦干。

A.维丝B.棉布 C.绸布D.报纸

68.轴瓦验收时,应检查的几何尺寸有_________。

A.直径B.瓦宽C.瓦厚D.以上全部

69.柱塞套筒进行滑动性能试验时,一般将柱塞抽出_________左右后观察其下落速度.

A.1/5 B.1/4 C.1/3 D.1/2

70.为保证各精密偶件端面的密封性能,检修时应进行_________。

A.修刮B.研磨C.修锉D.抛光

71.柴油机活塞-气缸间隙由于过度磨损而导致的敲缸、窜气等故障,属于_________。

A.管理性故障 B.突发性故障 C.磨损性故障 D.结构性故障

72.目前,船级检验中采用的“年度检验”,实质上属于_________。

A.状态维修 B.事后维修 C.计划维修D.视情维修

73.现代船舶对其可靠性影响最大的因素是_________。

A.设计方面

B. 管理水平

C.材料方面

D. 制造方面

74.已发生故障的产品在规定的时间内通过维修使之保持或恢复在规定的条件下完成规定功能的能力,称为_________。

A.可靠性B.可靠度C.可维修性D.可维修度

75.为了将零件上的沉积物清洗到油中,保持船机零件表面清洁,并把沉积物分散为极小的微粒,防止堵塞系统,必须在润滑油中加入:

A.抗泡剂 B.清净分散剂C.防锈添加剂 D.A+B+C

76.利用外部压力将具有一定压力的润滑油不断打入使摩擦表面之间彼此隔开,这种润滑称为: A.流体静压润滑 B.流体动压润滑 C.边界润滑 D.混合润滑

77.船机零件的磨损遵循的一般规律是_________。

A.正常磨损期.磨合期和急剧磨损期 B.正常磨损期和急剧磨损期

C.磨合期、正常磨损期和急剧磨损期 D.正常磨损期和急剧磨损期

78.船舶柴油机的拉缸,实质上是_________。

A.发生了严重的磨粒磨损 B.发生了严重的粘着磨损

C.发生了严重的腐蚀磨损 D.发生了表面疲劳磨损

79.高温钒腐蚀是_________。

A.化学腐蚀 B.电化学腐蚀 C.穴蚀 D.物理溶解

80.导致气缸套发生穴蚀的根本原因是_________。

A.化学腐蚀 B.电化学腐蚀 C.高频振动 D.不一定

81.为减少冷却水流动过程产生气泡,柴油机设计时要求冷却水的流速_________.

A.<2m/s B.>2m/s C.<5m/s D.>5m/s 82.机械疲劳断裂是交变的_________ 的结果。

A.机械应力长期作用 B.热应力长期作用 C.机械负荷作用 D.热负荷作用83.静力条件下零件的应力σ大于________发生断裂。

A.σ

s

B.σ

b

C.σ

-1

D.σ

t

T

84.高温疲劳是指零件在高于材料的的温度,受到交变应力的作用引起的疲劳破坏。

(Tm为金属的熔点)

A.0.2Tm B.0.3Tm C.0.4Tm D.0.5Tm

85.柴油机因起动停车引起的热应力是_________热应力。

A.高频 B.低频 C.中频 D.以上都不对

86.液压试验法可以检查船机零件:

A.表面有无缺陷 B.内部有无缺陷 C.有无穿透性裂纹D.有无变形87.用听响法检查船机零件有无缺陷时,判断零件内部和表面有无缺陷。

A.只能定性地 B.可以定量地 C.既能定性又可定量地 D.不确定

88.用观察法进行缺陷检验时,是_________。

A.通过人的眼睛观察 B.借助于低倍放大镜等辅助工具观察

C.借助于高倍显微镜等辅助工具观察 D.A或B

89.检验船机零件表面有无缺陷时,一般可采用_________。

A.渗透探伤 B.射线探伤 C.超声波探伤 D.红外探伤

90.在船舶机械的油液监测技术中,常规理化性能分析的指标主要包括。

A.粘度 B.总碱值 C.水分 D.A+B

91.船舶机械进行状态监测时,通常是采用仪器对船舶机械的参数进行监测。

A.2个以上 B.多个 C.某个单一的 D.都不对

92.清除水垢常用。

A.碱洗 B.酸洗 C.油洗 D.机械清洗

93.固定部件的保修期为 _________ 。

A.3个月 B.4个月 C.5个月 D.6个月

94.不适于平面对接的是_________.

A.螺栓 B.焊接 C.粘接 D.铆接

95.安装活塞环入环槽采用的工具是_________。

A.扩张器 B.拉伸器 C.扳手 D.绳套

96.活塞环槽过度磨损后,可采用 _________ 恢复形状。

A.研磨 B.车削 C.电镀Cr D.堆焊

97.曲轴表面的轻微裂纹应_________处理。

A.修刮 B.堆焊C.粘接D.金属扣合

98.曲轴轴径磨损至少应测量_________个截面。

A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4

99.轴瓦表面的裂纹不可采用_________方法检查。

A.着色探伤B.磁力探伤 C.听响法D.观察法

100.轴承间隙的检测可以用_________。

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