初中英语考点总结——初中英语常用构词法归纳

初中英语常用构词法归纳

1. 合成法

1）名词+名词→名词

basketball

bookshop

bookstore

housework

homework

2) 形容词+名词→名词

blackboard

Englishman

loudspeaker

3) 介词+名词→名词（或形容词）

afternoon

underground

4) 名词+过去分词→形容词

man-made

5) 名词（形容词）+名词+ed→形容词

glass-topped

kind-hearted

6) 副词+名词→介词

inside

downstairs

2. 派生法

后缀（后缀多数改变词性而不改变词义）：

1）动词或形容词+er/or →名词

writer n

traveler n.

for eigner n.

inventor n.

visitor n.

2) 动词+(t)ion/sion → 名词

invention n.

o peration n.

decision

attention

3) 动词+ing/ed → 名词或形容词

b uilding n.

interesting/interested adj.

pleased adj.

4) 名词+ese /ian→名词和形容词

Chinese n.adj.

Japanese n. Adj.

American

Indian

5) 名词或动词+ full →形容词

helpful adj.

Useful adj.

6) 动词+able → 形容词

enjoyable. adj.

forgettable adj.

7) 名词+en →形容词

woolen adj.

wooden adj.

8) 名词+y → 形容词

sunny adj.

cloudy adj

lucky adj.

noisy adj.

smelly adj.

9）形容词+ly →副词

happily adv.

luckily adv.

10) 形容词+ness → 名词

kindness n.

happiness n.

11) 名词+ly →形容词

friendly adj.

lovely adj.

12) 名词+ less →形容词（词义与加ful 相反）

careless adj.

helpless adj.

13) 名词+ al →形容词national adj.

educational adj.

traditional adj.

14) 名词+ ist →名词

scientist n.

pianist n.

tourist n.

15) 动词+ ment →名词development n.

agreement n.

argument n.

16) 形容词+ ity →名词ability n.

possibility n.

reality n.

17) 名词+ous →形容词dangerous adj.

18) 名词+ish →形容词

foolish adj.

childish adj.

bookish adj.

19) 形容词或名词+en →动词

widen v.

sharpen v

frighten v.

20) 名词或形容词+ify →动词beautify v

simplify v.

21) 形容词+ize →动词

realize v.

memorize v.

22) 动词+tiv e →形容词active adj.

attractive adj.

23）动词+ess →名词（女性）

hostess n.

actress n.

waitress n.

前缀（前缀一般只改变词的意思而不改变其词性）：

1) un- (不，非，表示否定，形容词前缀)

unhappy（不高兴的）

unlike（不像）

2) im- (不，无，非，表示否定，形容词前缀，常用在p, b, m开头的单词前)

impossible

impolite

3) in- (不，无，非，表示否定，形容词前缀)

inactive

incomplete

4) dis-(不，非，表示否定，动词或形容词或名词前缀)

dishonest

disagree

disadvantage

5) mis- (表示错误)

misunderstand

mistake

misuse

6) re- (再，重复)

retell

rebuild

rewrite

7) bi- (两个、双边的)

bicycle

bicolor

8) inter- (相互、交互、在一起)

interview

International

internet

9) tele- (远)

telephone

television

10) kilo- (千)

kilometer

kilogram

11) micro- (微，小)

microwave oven

microcomputer

12) sub- (下，次，亚，准，副)

subway

suburb

3. 转化法

1) 名词→动词

rain

shop

water

land

name

2）形容词→动词

last adj the last minute.

V. The film lasted 2 hours

tidy adj.a tidy room

V. Please tidy the room.

own adj.my own room

V. I own a room.

3) 形容词→名词

back adj.the back yard

n. The monkey climbed to the tiger’s back.

light adj.The box is light

n. turn on the light.

4) 动词→名词

stop v.Stop the bus.

n. bus stop

lift v. Please lift the box.

n.. Take the lift.

[注意] ①词形不变，读音的差别（字母s读[z]为动词，读[s]为名词或形容词）

use v.使用

use n.用途

excuse v.原谅

excuse n.借口

②词形改变的转化：

live v.生活

life n.生活

fill v.装满

full adj.满的

save v.救

safe adj.安全的

enter v.进入

entrance n.入口处

different adj.不同的

difference n.不同之处

important--importance

different—difference

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(2)在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如： Ill ring you up as soon as I get to New York. I will tell him everything when he comes back. He wont believe it until he sees it with his own eyes. (3)在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是"一直到......时"，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是"直到......才......", "在......以前不......", 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如： The young man read till the light went out. Lets wait until the rain stops. We wont start until Bob comes. Dont get off until the bus stops. 2. 条件状语从句 (1)条件状语从句通常由if, unless引导。例如： What shall we do if it snows tomorrow? Dont leave the building unless I tell you to. (2)在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如： Ill help you with your English if am free tomorrow. He wont be late unless he is ill. (3)"祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句" 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语

初中英语构词法大全

初中英语构词法大全英语构词方法主要有三种：即合成、派生和转化。一.转化英语单词的词性非常活跃，名词用作动词，动词转化为名词，形容词用作动词等现象非常普遍，这种把一种词性用作另一种词性的方式就叫做词性的转化。阅读中经常出现转化词，只要抓住单词的原始意思，结合句子成分，就容易弄清它们的引申义。 1.动词和名词之间的相互转化。有时意思变化不大，有时有一定的变化。 1)动词转化为名词。如： ShallwegooutforadrivenextSunday? 下个星期天咱们出去驱车旅行，好吗? 句中的drive由动词转化为名词(词意引申为“驱车旅行”)。 Ioftengothereforawalk. 我经常去那里散步。 (句中walk由动词转化为名词) 2)名词转化为动词。如： Haveyoubookedyourticket? 你的票订好了吗? (句中book由名词转化为动词,词意引申为“订购”) Handmeyourknife,please. 请把你的刀子递给我。 (句中hand由名词转化为动词,词意引申为“传递”) 2.少部分形容词转化为动词。

Thetrainsloweddowntohalfitsspeed. 火车速度减慢了一半。 (句中slow由形容词转化为动词，词意引申为“减速”) Don'tdirtyyourclothes.别把你的衣服弄脏了。 (句中dirty由形容词转化为动词，词意引申为“弄脏”) 3.形容词和名词之间的相互转化。 Thepoorwerenotallowedtogointothisparkthosedays . 那个时候，穷人是不允许进入这个公园的。 (句中poor由形容词转化为名词，词意引申为“穷人”) Theytookthesicktohospitalyesterday. 昨天他们把那个病人送进了医院。 (句中sick由形容词转化为名词，词意引申为“病人”) 4.有些词可以词形不变，只因重音变化而发生词类转化，有时词义也可能变化。如: record[re?k??d]v.记录record[r??k??d]n.记录 5.有些词词形不变，只因词尾的清浊音变化而发生词类转化，有时词形也可以变化。如: excuse[?ks?kju?z]v.原谅excuse[?ks?kju?s]n.原谅 use[ju?z]v.用use[ju?s]n.用二.派生派生词是在一个单词前面加前缀或后面加后缀构成新词。如： happy—unhappy(加前缀un-) happy—happily(加后缀-ly)

初中英语语法知识点总结

英语语法大全初中英语语法学习提纲一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种：名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before .

10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)

初中英语书面表达常用句型整理

初中英语书面表达常用句型整理关键句型全总结（一）关键句型一：关于写信询问某事的句型（以本题为例） 1．I'm writing to request more information about the day tour to London. 2. I'm writing for more information about the day tour to London. 关键句型二：关于询问具体细节的句型（以本题为例） 1. I'd like to know if you have any special prices for students. 2. What about time for shopping? Is it included in the schedule? 3. As for lunch, is it included in the price? 4. Can you tell me more details about the trip? 5. Please let me know the scheduled return time. 6. I wonder if you could tell me more about the trip. 7. I also want to know how long the tour will last. 8. I have one final question, is there any time scheduled for shopping? 关键句型全总结（二）关键句型一：表达个人观点的句型（以本题为例） 1. In my opinion, …在我看来……。 2．As far as I am concerned,…就我看来……。 3. Personally,…我个人认为……。

初中英语考点总结材料

初中英语考点总结 She became more and more afraid to study English. 2. A number of 和 the number of 的区别． A number of students are planting trees on the hill．许多学生在小山上植树。 The number of students in our class is 50．我们班的学生的数量是50人。 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易） 4 agree with somebody 赞成某人 5 all kinds of各种各样 a kind of一种 kind of 有几分. a kind of animal一种动物.说“各种各样”用various kinds of .

She is old enough to go school. enough water 12. When I heard that exciting news , I was excited. This film is boring, I get bored. 13 at the age of 在……岁时 I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of …………的起初；……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后；尽头；末尾 eg : At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 17 be /feel confident of something I am / feel confident of my spoken English . I feel confident that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时 2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原）能够……（可互换） eg : She is able to sing She can sing

(完整版)初中英语构词法练习

构词法练习一、选择填空 1.That man was________enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job. A.care B.careful C.careless D.carelessness 2.The soldier died for saving the child，so his________ is heavier than Mount Tai. A.die B.dead C.died D.death 3.The child looked________at his brother who was badly wounded. A.sadly B.sadness C.sadly D.sad 4.He is an expert at chemistry.We all call him a ________. A.chemistry B.chemical C.chemist D.physician 5.The three- ________chair isn’t suitable for a young child.He may fall off. A.legging B.legged C.legs D.leged 6.Stephenson became the________railway engineer in the world. A.lead B.leader C.leading D.leadership 7.When the teacher praised him for working out the maths problem，Jack looked________about at his classmates. A.proud B.proudly C.pride D.pridely 8.To everyone’s ________，the girl finished the job quite well. A.satisfied B.satisfactory C.satisfying D.satisfaction 9.—What are you doing here? —Oh，my teacher asked me to write a passage about ________in English. —You can write________passage in English? A.600 words；a 600-words B.600-word；a 600-words C.600 words；a 600-word D.600 words；a 600-words 10.No one should enter the spot without the________of the police. A.permit B.permission C.permitting D.permittence 11.You must come with us to the police ________.Our head is waiting for you. A.headquarters B.headline C.headmaster D.headache 12.Letting that animal escape was no accident；you did it ________. A.intend B.intention C.intentionally D.intentional 13.The shop owner welcomed all the guests with a________smile. A.practice B.practise C.practical D.practiced 14.The________ordered him to pay a $100 fine. A.judger B.judgment C.judge D.judgement 15.My TV is out of order.Can you tell me what is the________news about Iraq War? https://www.360docs.net/doc/a613892572.html,tely https://www.360docs.net/doc/a613892572.html,test https://www.360docs.net/doc/a613892572.html,ter https://www.360docs.net/doc/a613892572.html,tter 16.The Great Wall is more than 6000 li in ________. A.longer B.length C.long D.longing 17.To my ________，I passed the exam easily. A.joy B.joyful C.joyless D.joyness 18.Canada is mainly an________country.

初中英语中考考点大汇总

初中英语中考考点大汇总 1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、look at (感官动词)+ do eg :I like watching monkeys jump 2 （比较级and 比较级）表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易）补：a place of interest 名胜 4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 7 along with 同……一道，伴随…… eg : I will go along with you 我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助向…要…（直接接想要的东西）eg : ask you for my book 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时eg：I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of …………的起初；……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后；尽头；末尾eg : At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候补：at least 至少 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心，自信 eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test