绿色化学 十二原则

绿色化学十二原则

1.防止污染优于污染之后再处理.

2.原子经济性.

3.低毒化学合成.

4.安全化学品.

5.安全的溶剂或助剂.

6.能量效率设计.

7.使用可再生原料.

8.减少衍生物.

9.催化,催化剂比化学计量试剂优越.

10.降解设计.

11.防止污染的快速分析.

12.本身安全,能防止意外事故的化学.

1 Prevention

It is better to prevent waste than to treat or clean up waste after it has been created.

预防：

防止废物的产生，比产生废物后进行处理为好。

2 Atom Economy

Synthetic methods should be designed to maximize the incorporation of all materials used in the process into the final product.

原子经济性：

设计的合成方法应当使工艺过程中所有的物质都用到最终的产品中去。

3 Less Hazardous Chemical Synthesis

Wherever practicable, synthetic methods should be designed to use and generate substances that possess li ttle or no toxicity to people or the environment.

低毒害化学合成：

设计的合成方法中所采用的原料所生成的产物对人类与环境都应当是低毒或无毒的。

4 Designing Safer Chemicals

Chemical products should be designed to effect their desired function while minimising their toxicity.

设计较安全的化合物：

设计生产的产品性能要考虑限制其毒性。

5 Safer Solvents and Auxiliaries

The use of auxiliary substances (e.g., solvents or separation agents) should be made unnecessary wheneve r possible and innocuous when used.

使用较安全的溶剂与助剂：

如有可能就不用辅助物质（溶剂、分离试剂等)，必须用时也受用无毒的。

6 Design for Energy Efficiency

Energy requirements of chemical processes should be recognised for their environmental and economic im pacts and should be minimised. If possible, synthetic methods should be conducted at ambient temperatur e and pressure.

有节能效益的设计：

化工过程的能耗必须节省，并且要考虑其对环境与经济的影响。如有可能，合成方法要在常温、常压下进行。

7 Use of Renewable Feedstocks

A raw material or feedstock should be renewable rather than depleting whenever technically and economi cally practicable.

使用再生资源作原料：

使用可再生资源作为原料，而不是使用在技术与经济可耗尽的原料。

8 Reduce Derivatives

Unnecessary derivatization (use of blocking groups, protection/de-protection, and temporary modification of physical/chemical processes) should be minimised or avoided if possible, because such steps require addi tional reagents and can generate waste.

减少运用衍生物：

如有可能，减少或避免运用生成衍生物的步骤(如用封闭基因、保护/脱保护、暂时修饰的物理/化学过程)，因为这些步骤要用外加试剂并且可能产生废弃物。

9 Catalysis

Catalytic reagents (as selective as possible) are superior to stoichiometric reagents.

催化反应：催化剂(选择性)优于计量反应试剂。

10 Design for Degradation

Chemical products should be designed so that at the end of their function they break down into innocuo us degradation products and do not persist in the environment.

设计可降解产物：化学产物应当设计成为在使用之后能降解成为无毒害的降解产物而不残存于环境之中。

11 Real-time Analysis for Pollution Prevention

Analytical methodologies need to be further developed to allow for real-time, in-process monitoring and c ontrol prior to the formation of hazardous substances.

及时分析以防止污染：

要进一步开发分析方法，使其可及时现场分析，并且能够在有害物质生成之前就予以控制。

12 Inherently Safer Chemistry for Accident Prevention

Substances and the form of a substance used in a chemical process should be chosen to minimise the po tential for chemical accidents, including releases, explosions, and fires.

采用本身安全、能防止发生意外的化学品：

在化学过程中，选用的物质以及该物质使用的形态，都必须能防止或减少隐藏的意外(包括泄漏、爆炸与火灾)事故发生。