雅思写作

School teachers used to be the source of information. However，some people argue that teachers are not as important as before because there is an increasing variety of information resources. What is your opinion? (08年4月24日考题)

要对上面的句子进行重新描述，最简单的就是用同义词替换，请看下表：

Know: recognize comprehend grasp understand realize

3. 使用短语进行替换

Some say that building more roads will help reduce the traffic congestion in big cities. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this. Do you support or oppose this statement?

在这一段话里，可以替换的短语如下所示:

英特网对我们的日常生活带来很大的影响。这句话我们可以写出不同的搭配。比如:

一、并列结构的使用

通过对官方范文的研究发现，考生在用并列结构提高句型档次的时候可以从以下几个层面入手：

1. 名词并列: n1，n2，n3，…

这种并列又可以具体通过以下2种结构实现：

a). A，B，C，… and other Xs

b). X，such Y as A，B，C，…

i. Reading，writing，listening and other academic subjects could be learned from books，or primarily from books.

ii. Some knowledge，such academic subjects as reading，writing，listening，could be learned from books，or primarily from books.

iii. It is of great importance for people to read imaginative literature，such as poetry，novels or mythology.

iv. It is of great importance for people to read novels and other types of imaginative literature such as poetry and mythology.

2. 名词性成分并列: n. + what/how/whether/if…

这种并列又可以具体通过以下2种结构实现：

a). what=something that

b). how=the way/manner in which

i. Most parents educate their children merely by instinct rather than proper pedagogy，and usually do not care about their relationship with children and how much neglect influences the future development of their children.

ii. Most students are eager to obtain knowledge，but they lack the sense of what is good，or what is necessary and how much a deficiency in the concept of viewing the situation as a whole would mislead them.

iii. My fellow Americans，ask not what your country can do for you，ask what you can do for your country. My fellow citizen of the world，ask not what American will do for you，but what together we can do for the freedom of man. (John Kennedy)

3. 形容词成分并列:

a). a1 and a2+n

b). a1+yet/but+a2+n

c). a1，a2+n+that…

d). a1，a2，so a3 that/as to…

i. a small town à a small and peaceful town

a good teacher à a good and very impressive teacher

a stupid decision à a stupid and incorrigible decision

ii. a simple yet effective method

a direct and simple yet magically effective method

an irrational yet understandable decision

a fair and balance，yet undesirable decision

an obvious yet not the most significant reason

iii. Most students can hardly stand for his typically dry and dull lectures that would normally continue at least several quarters without giving any essential information.

iv. The impact that technology has had on our daily life and society in general，is undeniable. It will become even greater as computers get faster，smaller，smarter，and so inexpensive that virtually everyone will be able to own one.

v. A class led by a lethargic teacher could be extremely dull，and so boring that drives everybody in the class into sleep.

vi. Learning in essence is a process that is time-consuming，painstaking，and so hard that virtually only persistent few can finally have a sense of real achievement.

4. 副词成分并列:

a). ad1 and ad2+n

b). ad1+yet/but+ad2+n

c). ad1，ad2+prep…

d). ad1，ad2，so ad3 that/as to…

i. A conscientious teacher always prepares his lecture carefully，intelligently，and with the full consideration of all possible aspects concerning the subject.

ii. Apart from energizing the athletes, physical strength helps them plough into the games enthusiastically and with confidence and even act as a deterrent force to their rivals to some extent.

5. 动词并列:

a). …v1，v2+ing，v3+ing…

b). s1+v1+ing，s2+v2…

i. An absent-minded teacher lacks drive to make class intensely focused，often preparing nothing in advance，wandering among random topics，thus wasting and killing times of industrial students.

ii. As a result of this, food dealers have made huge profit from it, thereby promoting the sector as well as creating more jobs.

6. 句子并列:

a). …, and th erefore/thus/consequently

b). not only/simply/merely…but also/…as well/even…

c). neither…nor

d). not that…but that…

e). that引导的宾语从句

f). that引导的定语从句

g). that引导的主语从句

i. Books keep records of thoughts and ideas, and are therefore the major source from which people obtain knowledge.

ii. Chinese children unfortunately have few rights to make their own decisions, and consequently often have to do things that they do not enjoy doing at all.

iii. Modern vehicles have extended the range of people’s activity, and thu s made much more goods available to local markets.

iv. Computers have not only brought convenience, but they have also made people learn more.

v. Not that emails or telephones have made people less personal, but that people themselves have become less personal. One of several possible reasons is that people usually lack of adequate communicating skills.

vi. However, sports salaries are not determined by considering the contribution to society a person makes, or the level of responsibility he or she holds.

二、从句的使用

从句的使用是提高写作得分最有效的一种手段，雅思写作中主要涉及的从句主要是名词性从句，状语从句和定语从句，朗阁海外考试研究中心建议考生既可以单独使用这些从句来组织句子，还可以采用从句套从句的方式来提高句型的复杂度。

7. 从句套从句:

i. Those who feel that sports stars salaries are justified might argue that the number of professionals with real talent is very few, and the money is the recognition of the skills and dedication a person needs to be successful. 宾语从句+定语从句+表语从句

ii. This has been driven by technological and scientific breakthroughs that are changing the whole way we view the world on an almost daily basis. 定语从句+状语从句

iii. The reasons for this trend may involve the recognition that a young adult who passes directly from school to university is rather restricted in terms of general knowledge and experience of the world. 宾语从句+定语从句

iv. But overall, I think that this is less likely today, when academic qualifications are essential for getting a reasonable career. 宾语从句+非限制性定语从句

v. Unfortunately, it is not always the case that new things are promoted because they have good impacts for the majority of people. 名词性从句+状语从句

三、倒装句的使用

倒装句的使用主要包括否定词位于句首时的倒装，比较句中第2个句子的倒装和虚拟语气条件句中的倒装。

i. Not only should the parent spent more time with their children, they should also try to communicate with their children more often.

ii. Only in this way can this issue be effectively solved.

iii. Nor a bad environment will make people healthier.

iv. Only in very few regions do the residents have enough water for their daily needs.

这应该算是写作中最常用的一种句型之一。适当地运用定语从句可以给你的文章增色不少。例如，下面的这两个句子用上定语从句马上就变成了一个漂亮的复杂句。

Bad books contain evil thoughts. In them, there might be

much description about violence, superstition, and sex.

→ Bad books, in which there might be much description about violence, superstition, and sex, contain evil thoughts.

第二，状语从句。

在写作当中运用的最多的是以下五种状语从句，即原因状语从句，让步状语从句，条件状语从句，时间状语从句和目的状语从句。

1. 原因状语从句：常由because, as, since和for引导

Eg: Nonetheless, I am still in favor of space travel, for its merits far outweigh demerits.

尽管如此，我还是赞成太空探险，因为它的好处远远大于坏处。

2. 让步状语从句：常由although, though, even though/ if, as long as和notwithstanding引导

Eg: Although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place.

尽管这一观点被广泛接受，很少有证据表明教育能够在任何地点、任何年龄进行。

3. 条件状语从句：常由if, on the condition that和providing that引导

Eg: If you want to achieve something or intend to fulfill one of your ambitions, you must work hard, make efforts and get prepared.

假如你要取得成就或要实现你的雄心壮志，你必须努力工作、艰苦奋斗、准备好条件。

4. 时间状语从句：常由when和while引导

Eg: When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.

说到教育，大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习。

5. 目的状语从句: 常由so that和in order that引导

Eg: Millions of people have to spend more time and energy on studying new

skills and technology so that they can keep a favorable position in job market. 成千上万的人们不得不花费更多的精力和时间学习新的技术和知识，使得他们在就业市场能保持优势。

Eg: Some people claim that government should be mainly responsible for the environmental pollution.

一些人认为政府应对环境污染负主要责任。

Eg: Many experts point out that, along with the development of modern society,

it is an inevitable result and there is no way to avoid it.

许多专家指出这是现代社会发展必然的结果，无法避免。

第四，同位语从句。

Eg: It is an undeniable fact that environmental pollution becomes increasingly serious.

环境污染变得越来越严重是不可否认的事实。

Eg: No one can deny the basic fact that it is impossible for average workers to master those high-technology skills easily.

没有人能否认这一基本事实：对于一般工人来讲，轻松掌握这些技术是不可能的。

第五，主语从句。

Eg: What has caught our attention is /It is noticeable that the environment in

both the rural and urban areas is deteriorating.

值得注意的是农村和城市的生态环境都在不断恶化。

Eg: It is universally acknowledged that environmental pollution becomes one of the most serious problems in China or even the world as a whole.

众所周知，环境污染问题是中国乃至世界面临的最为严重的问题之一。

第六，强调句: It is ＋被强调的内容＋that

Eg: It is cars and factories that release a great deal of gases, polluting the environment.

汽车和工厂排放大量的废气，使得环境被污染。

第七，倒装句。

Eg: Only if the government will take some appropriate measures, will

this intractable problem be tackled.

只有政府采取适当的措施，这个棘手的问题才能被解决。

第八，被动语态。

Eg: Every means should be tried to protect the environment on which people live.

人们应竭尽全力来保护我们赖以生存的环境。

第九，分词结构：包括现在分词和过去分词。

Eg: Tourism, which is a rising industry, has become the major source of economy, playing crucial role in many Asian countries.

旅游业是一个新兴的行业，它成为经济的主要来源, 在很多东南亚国家起着尤为重要的作用。

Eg: To be more specific, government should stage some relevant laws or regulations to severely punish the factory producing a great number of

pollutants and the people littering or spitting deliberately.

具体来说，政府应该出台相关法律法规对制造大量污染物的工厂及故意乱扔垃圾随地吐痰的人进行严惩。

第十，插入语。

一种独立成分,与句子的其它成分一般没有语法上的关系,大都是对一句话作一些附加说明

或解释。它通常由一个词、一个短语或一个句子构成,位置较为灵活,可置于句首、句中或句末,一般用逗号或破折号与句子隔开。

Eg: Computer, an indispensable part in our life, has brought us great conveniences.

电脑，我们生活中必不可少的一部分，给我们带来了极大的方便。

Eg: College students, lacking social experience, are easily cheated.

大学生，没有社会经验，容易上当受骗。