英语专业八级改错真题(2005-2012)完整含答案版本

专八改错

2012真题

The central problem of translating has always been whether to translate literally or freely. The argument has been going since at least the first (1) ______ century B.C. Up to the beginning of the 19th century, many writers favoured certain k ind of ―free‖ translation: the spirit, not the letter; the (2) _______

sense not the word; the message rather the form; the matter not (3) _______ the manner. This is the often revolutionary slogan of writers who (4) _______ wanted the truth to be read and understood. Then in the turn of 19th (5) _______ century, when the study of cultural anthropology suggested that the linguistic barriers were insuperable and that the language (6) _______ was entirely the product of culture, the view translation was impossible (7) _______ gained some currency, and with it that, if was attempted at all, it must be as (8) _______ literal as possible. This view culminated the statement of the (9) _______ extreme ―literalists‖ Walter Benjamin and Vladimir Nobokov. The argument was theoretical: the purpose of the translation, the nature of the readership, the type of the text, was not discussed. Too often, writer, translator and reader were implicitly identified with each other. Now, the context has changed, and the basic problem remains. (10) _____

2011真题

2010年真题

So far as we can tell, all human languages are equally complete and perfect

as instruments of communication: that is, every language appears to be well 1

equipped as any other to say the things their speakers want to say. 2

There may or may not be appropriate to talk about primitive peoples or 3

cultures, but that is another matter. Certainly, not all groups of people are

equally competent in nuclear physics or psychology or the cultivation of rice or

the engraving of Benares brass. Whereas this is not the fault of their language. 4

The Eskimos can speak about snow with a great deal further precision and 5 subtlety than we can in English, but this is not because the Eskimo language

(one of those sometimes miscalled 'primitive') is inherently more precise and

subtle than English. This example does not come to light a defect in English, 6

a show of unexpected 'primitiveness'. The position is simply and obviously

that the Eskimos and the English live in similar environments. The English 7 language will be just as rich in terms for different kinds of snow, 8 presumably, if the environments in which English was habitually used made

such distinction as important. 9 Similarly, we have no reason to doubt that the Eskimo language could be

as precise and subtle on the subject of motor manufacture or cricket if these

topics formed the part of the Eskimos' life. For obvious historical reasons, 10 Englishmen in the nineteenth century could not talk about motorcars with the

minute discrimination which is possible today: cars were not a part of their

culture. But they had a host of terms for horse-drawn vehicles which send us, puzzled, to a historical dictionary when we are reading Scott or Dickens. How

many of us could distinguish between a chaise, a landau, a victoria, a brougham,

a coupe, a gig, a diligence, a whisky, a calash, a tilbury, a carriole, a phaeton,

and a clarence ?

2009年真题

The previous section has shown how quickly a rhyme passes

from one school child to the next and illustrates the further difference (1)_____ between school lore and nursery lore. In nursery lore a verse, learnt

in early childhood, is not usually passed on again when the little listener (2)__

has grown up, and has children of their own, or even grandchildren. (3)_____

The period between learning a nursery rhyme and transmitting

It may be something from twenty to seventy years. With the playground (4)_____ lore, therefore, a rhyme may be excitedly passed on whtin the very hour (5)_____

it is learnt; and in the general, it passes between children of the (6)_____

same age, or nearly so, since it is uncommon for the difference in age

between playmates to be more than five years. If therefore, a playground

rhyme can be shown to have been currently for a hundred years, or (7)_____

even just for fifty, it follows that it has been retransmitting over

and over; very possibly it has passed along a chain of two or three (8)_____

hundred young hearers and tellers, and the wonder is that it remains live (9)____

after so much handling, to let alone that it bears resemblance to the (10)____

original wording.

2008年真题

The desire to use language as a sign of national identity is a

very natural one, and in result language has played a prominent (1)__________

part in national moves. Men have often felt the need to cultivate (2)__________

a given language to show that they are distinctive from another (3)__________

race whose hegemony they resent. At the time the United States (4)___________

split off from Britain, for example, there were proposals that

independence should be linguistically accepted by the use of a (5)__________ different language from those of Britain. There was even one (6)__________ proposal that Americans should adopt Hebrew. Others favoured

the adoption of Greek, thought, as one man put it, things would

certainly be simpler for Americans if they stuck on to English (7)__________

and made the British learn Greek. At the end, as everyone (8)__________ know, the two countries adopted the practical and satisfactory

solution of carrying with the same language as before. (9)__________ Since nearly two hundred years now, they have shown the world (10)_________ That political independence and national identity can be complete

Without sacrificing the enormous mutual advantages of a common

language.

2007年真题

From what has been said, it must be clear that no one can

make very positive statements about how language originated.

There is no material in any language today and in the earliest (1)_____________ records of ancient languages show us language in a new and (2)_____________ emerging state. It is often said, of course, that the language (3)_____________ originated in cries of anger, fear, pain and pleasure, and the (4)_____________ necessary evidence is entirely lacking: there are no remote

tribes, no ancient records, providing evidence of a language with a

large proportion of such cries than we find in English. Ti is true that the (5)__________ absence of such evidence does not disprove the theory, but in (6)____________ other grounds too the theory is not very attractive.

People of all races and languages make rather similar

noises in return to pain or pleasure. The fact that such noises are (7)____________ similar on the lips of Frenchmen and Malaysians whose languages

are utterly different, serves to emphasize on the fundamental (8)___________ difference between these noises and language proper. We may

say that the cries of pain or chortles of amusement are largely

reflex actions, instinctive to large extent, whereas language (9)___________ proper does not consist of signs but of these that have to be learnt (10)___________ and that are wholly conventional.

2006年真题

We use language primarily as means of communication with

other human beings. Each of us shares with the community in which

we live a store of words and meanings as well as agreeing conven- (1)___________ tions as to the way in which words should be arranged to convey a (2)____________ particular message; the English speaker has in his disposal a vocabu- (3)____________ lary and a set of grammatical rules which inables him to communi- (4)___________ cate his thoughts and feelings, in a variety of styles, to the other (5)____________

English speakers. His vocabulary, in particular, both that which he

uses actively and that which he recognizes, increases in size as he

grows old, as a result of education and experience. (6)___________

But, whether the language store is relatively small or large,

the system remains no more than a psychological reality for the indi-

vidual, unless he has a means of expressing it in terms able to be

seen by another member of his linguistic community; he has to give (7)__________

the system a concrete transmission form. We take it for granted the (8)____________

two most common forms of transmission—by means of sounds pro-

duced by our vocal organs (speech) or by visual signs (writing). And (9)____________

these are among most striking of human achievements. (10)___________

2005年真题

A number of colleges and universities have announced steep tu-

ition increases for next year—much steeper than the current,

very low, rate of inflation. They say the increases are needed be-

cause of a loss in value of university endowments heavily investing (1)__________

in common stock. I am skeptical. A business firm chooses the price

that maximizes its net revenues, irrespective fluctuations in in- (2)__________

come; and increasingly tihe outlook of universities in the United

States is indistinguishable from those of business firms. The rise in (3)__________

tuitions may reflect the fact economic uncertainty increases the de- (4)__________

mand for education. The biggest cost of being in the school is fore- (5)___________

going income from a job (this primarily a factor in graduate—and

professional—school tuition): the poor one’s job prospects, the more (6)__________

sense it makes to reallocate time from the job market to education,

in order to make oneself more marketable.

The ways which universities make themselves attractive to (7)_________

students include soft majors, student evaluations of teachers, giving

students a governance role, and eliminate required courses, Sky- (8)__________

high tuitions have caused universities to regard their students as

customers. Just as business firms sometimes collude to shorten the (9)_________

rigors of competition, universities collude to minimize the cost to

them of the athletes whom they recruit in order to stimulate alumni

donations, so the best athletes now often bypass higher education in

order to obtain salaries earlier from professional teams. And until

they were stopped by the antitrust authorities, the Ivy League

schools colluded to limit competition for the best students, by

agreeing not to award scholarships on the basis of merit rather than

purely of need—just like business firms agreeing not to give dis-

counts on their best customer. (10)________

参考答案

2012年

1. going 后加on

2. certain 改成some

3. rather 后加than

4. is 改为was

5. in 改为at

6. 去掉the

7. view 后加that

8. 删掉was

9. statement 改为statements

10.and 改为but

2011年

1. grew 后加up

2. conscience 改成consciousness

3. soon 改成sooner

4. the 去掉

5. disagreeing 改成disagreeable

6. imaginative 改成imaginary

7. literal 改成literary

8. in 去掉

9. which 前加in

10. Therefore, 改成Nevertheless

2010年

1 be后插入as;

2 their改为its;

3 There改为It;

4 Whereas改为But

5 further 改为much

6 come改为bring;

7 similar改为different;

8 will改为would;

9 as important去掉as;

10 the part去掉the

2009年

1. 答案：the further--- a further

2. 答案：when---until

3. 答案：their---his

4. 答案：something---anything

5. 答案：therefore---however/nevertheless/yet

6. 答案：删掉in the general中的the

7. 答案：currently---current

8. 答案：over and over ∧--- again

9. 答案：live --- alive

10. 答案：删掉to let alone中的to

2008年

1. 答案：in result--- in consequence

2. 答案：moves---movements

3. 答案：distinctive---distinct/different

4. 答案：time ∧ --- when

5.答案：accepted--- acknowledged/confirmed/realized

6. 答案：those---that

7. 答案：删去on

8. 答案：At---In

9. 答案：carry ∧ with --- on

10. 答案：Since---For

2007年

1. 答案：and – or

2. 答案：show后面添加that或把show改成showing

3. 答案：删去the

4. 答案：and – but/whereas/while

5. 答案：large – larger

6. 答案：in – on

7. 答案：return – in response/reaction/answer

8. 答案：删去on

9. 答案：增加a

10. 答案：these – those

2006年

1. 答案：agreeing – agreed

2. 答案：∧words – these

3. 答案：in his disposal – at his disposal.

4. 答案：enables – enable

5. 答案：the other English speakers – other English speakers

6. 答案：old – older

7. 答案：seen – understood

8. 答案：删去it

9. 答案：And – But/Y et/However/Nevertheless

10. 答案：most – the most

2005年

1. 答案：investing – invested

2. 答案：irrespective ∧ - of

3. 答案：those – that

4. 答案：fact ∧ economic – that

5. 答案：in the school －去掉the

6. 答案：poor – poorer

7. 答案：∧ which －in或把which改成that, 或删去which

8. 答案：eliminate – eliminating

9. 答案：shorten – lessen/reduce/minimize/weaken

10. 答案：discount on – discount to

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