中考英语感叹句和祈使句语法知识全解

一. 感叹句

表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情时用感叹句。感叹句分为两种，一种以what引导，一种以how引导。句尾用感叹号“！”。用降调。

What a clever boy he is！多么聪明的小男孩啊！

How clever the boy is！这小男孩多聪明啊！

1. what 引导的感叹句

句型：

（1）what + a/an +形容词+单数可数名词+陈述句（主语+谓语）

What a beautiful city it is! 这是一个多么美丽的城市啊！

What an interesting story she told! 她讲了一个多么有趣的故事啊！

（2）what+形容词+复数可数名词/不可数名词+陈述句（主语+谓语）

What expensive watches they are! 它们时多么昂贵的手表啊！

What terrible weather it is! 这是多么糟糕的天气啊！

2. how 引导的感叹句

句型：

（1）How+形容词/副词+陈述句（主语+谓语）

How hot it is today！今天天气多么热啊！

How hard he works! 他工作多么努力啊！

（2）How+陈述句（主语+谓语）

How he loves his son! 他多爱他的儿子啊！

（3）How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+陈述句（主语+谓语）

How tall a tree it is! 这是一棵多么高的树啊！

3. 上述两种感叹句可以互相转换。

What a clever boy he is!→How clever the boy is!

What a hot day it is today!→How hot it is today!

【注意】what和how引导的两种感叹句，在口语中常用简略式，即省略后一部分（陈述句部分）如：

How cold！多冷啊！

What heavy traffic！交通多挤啊！

4. 比较：感叹句和特殊疑问句

感叹句：How busy you are！（陈述句语序）你多么忙啊！

疑问句：How busy are you？（疑问句语序）你有多忙？

这两种句子的根本区别在于：感叹句后面是陈述句语序，而疑问句的语序要颠倒。

二. 祈使句

祈使句表示请求、命令、建议等等。谓语动词一律用原形。句子中通常不用主语，句末用惊叹号或者句号，用降调。

1. 肯定的祈使句

句型：动词原形do+sth.（省略主语）

Be careful！小心！

Stand up.起立。

有时，为了加强语气，可以在动词之前加do

Do sit down. 务必请坐。

Do study hard. 一定要努力学习。

2. 否定的祈使句

句型：Don't +动词原形do sth.

Don't swim in the river.别在河里游泳。

Don't be late.别迟到。Please don't be noisy.

请不要大声喧哗。

3. 用客气的语气表示祈使句时，可在句首或句尾加上please，但如果在句尾加please，那在please之前一定要加一个逗号“，”。

Go this way，please. 请这边走。

4. 祈使句中如果有唤语，一定要用逗号“，”隔开，放在句首或句尾。

Li Ming，come here. 李明，过来。

Come here，Li Ming. 过来，李明。

【注意】

（1）表示禁止时，尤其是标语等也可用“No+动名词”来表示。

No smoking. 禁止吸烟。

No parking. 禁止停车。

（2）Let's包括对方，Let us不包括对方。反意疑问句时最明显。

Let's go，shall we？咱们去吧，怎么样？

Let us go，will you？让我们去吧，行吗？（征求对方的意见）

回答Let's do sth的反意疑问句句型时，肯定时用Yes，let's.否定时用NO，let's not.

大学英语语法系列讲座--情态动词1

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语法缩略语

英文语法名称缩略1 语法成分：grammatical elements 1.1词素:morpheme 1.2.词:word 1.3.短语:phrase 1.4.分句:clause 1.5.句子:sentence 2.动词的种类：type of verb 2.1.动词的特征: 2.1.1时态的变化tense， 2.1.2.语态的变化voice，语态voice:分为主动语态action voice和被动语态passive voice 2.1.3语气的变化mood.大致分为三类： 2.1. 3.1.陈诉语气indicative mood 2.1. 3.2.祈使语气imperative mood 2.1. 3.3.虚拟语气subjunctive mood. 2.2动词的分类 2.2.1.限定动词finite verb和非限定动词non-finite verb 2.2.1. 1.限定动词有时态的变化，并且要在人称和数上与主语保持一致。

2.2.1.2.非限定动词指-ing分词（-ing participle，-ing分词分为动名词gerund 和现在分词present participle）、-ed分词(-ed participle)和动词不定式(infinitive)，它们不受时态、人称、数和语气的影响。 2.2.2.主动词main verb(也称实义动词lexical verb/notional verb）和助动词auxiliary verb（又可以分为基本助动词primary auxiliary；情态助动词modal auxiliary) （情态动词modal verb属于助动词。） 2.2. 3.连系动词linking verb和及物动词transitive verb和不及物动词intransitive verb 2.2.4.状态动词stative verb和动态动词dynamic verb 2.3.动词的基本句型(有五种) SVCs：主语+连系动词+主语补足语 SV：主语+不及物动词

初中英语语法大全——名词

初中英语语法大全——名词一、名词概述 1.名词的定义名词是表示人、事物、地点、现象及其他抽象概念等名称的词。英语中的名词有可数名词和不可数名词之分；有其所有格形式；在句子中通常做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语等。 2.名词的分类名词分为专有名词和普通名词两类。普通名词又分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。个体名词与集体名词多数是可数名词，而物质名词与抽象名词多数是不可数名词。

二、名词的数名词按照其可数性可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词是指可以直接计算数目的名词。个体名词和集体名词多数是可数名词；不可数名词是指无法直接用数目计算的词。物质名词和抽象名词多数是不可数名词。 1.可数名词的数在英语中，可以直接用数字进行计算的名词是可数名词，不能直接用数字进行计算的名词是不可数名词。通常个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，视为可数名词;物质名词和抽象名词往往指泛指的物质或者抽象的概念，不能用具体的数字来表示，视为不可数名词。专有名词往往只指一个人或物，因此没有必要再用具体的数字来修饰，一般也视为不可数名词。

eg: I was having dinner at a restaurant. eg: The two children are playing table tennis in the school. eg: Mr.Black gave us some advice on how to learn English well. eg: Paris is the capital of France. ①规则复数变化形式可数名词在表示两个或两个以上的概念时需要用复数形式。可数名词单数形式变成复数形式的一般规则如下表:

初中英语语法专项习题：倒装句和感叹句

初中英语语法专项习题：倒装句和感叹句 Ⅰ、倒装句。 1. —I'm going to visit the Lugou Bridge tomorrow. —______. A. I am so B. So am I C. So go I D. So I go 2. Yao Ming works hard on his English and ______. A. so Liu Xiang does B. so is Liu Xiang C. so does Liu Xiang D. so Liu Xiang is 3. If you don’t go swimming tomorrow, _______. A. so I don’t go B. nor will I C. so do I D. neither do I 4. Lily hasn't finished her work yet. A. So has he. B. Neither has he. C. He has too. D. He hasn't too. 5. —She is very beautiful in her class. —______. A. So is she B. So she is C. Neither does she D. Nor is she 6. On the east of the river ______ three buildings. A. lies B. stands C. stand D. are standing 7. On every piece of the paper _____ pictures of some horses. A. is B. are C. has D. have 8. Only when you remember all the new words ______ study English well. A. can you B. you can C. did you D. you could 9. ______ that there were so many girls in this school before. A. Little I knew B. Little did I know C. Little I did I know D. Little had I known 10. Not until yesterday______ the truth about the accident. A. I knew B. I did know C. I had known D. did I know 11. Hardly ______ my homework when Jim came to visit him. A. have I finished B. had I finished C. I had finished D. I have finished Ⅱ、用What , What a , What an , How填空。 1. _____________ hot the weather is! 2. _____________ hard her father works! 3. _____________ long way it is from Guangdong to Paris! 4. _____________ fine day it was yesterday! 5. _____________ beautiful your voice is! 6. _____________ interesting picture-books! 7. _____________ lovely baby! 8. _____________ strong wind! 9. _____________ sad new he told us! 10. _____________ happy she was last weekend! 11. _____________ good weather! Why not go out for a walk？ 12. _____________ nice the garden is! 13. _____________ difficult work he did! 14. _____________ broken the house looks! 15. _____________ happy life we have! 16. _____________ well my deskmate swims! 17. _____________ delicious mooncakes!

《中考英语》初中英语语法知识—祈使句的分类汇编

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章振邦《英语语法教程》教学大纲

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第1讲：句子结构第2、3讲：主谓一致第4、5讲：名词、名词词组和名词属格第8、9讲：代词

~ 第10讲：动词和动词词组第11、12讲：动词的时和体￥第13讲：将来时间表示法第14、15讲：被动态 ^ 第16讲：虚拟式

初中英语语法知识点总结-句子的基本结构

3)表延续的动词: remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等。 5、定语：对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子。 The black bike is mine.（形容词） The boy in blue is Jim.（介词短语） I have nothing to do today.（动词不定式）注意：1) 当定语修饰不定代词如：nothing , anything , everything , something等时，定语要放在其后作后置定语。例如： I tell him something interesting. 2) 不定式、短语或从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。例如：The boys who are in the room are playing games. 6、状语：用以修饰adj. /v. /adv.及全句，位置灵活。 1、修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前； I am very sorry. 2、表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首。In order to cheer him up, I told him the truth. They are writing English in the classroom. 3、一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。 We often help him.

He is always late for class. 7、补语：补充说明宾语的情况。由n./adj./介宾/分词/不定式等担任。常位于宾语后。 He made me sad.（形容词） She asks me to take an umbrella.（不定式） The war made him a soldier.（名词） I find him at home.（介词短语） I saw a cat running along the wall.（分词） 8、同位语：同位语是句子成分的一种, 它位于名词、代词后面, 说明它们的性质和情况, 它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy. I myself will do the experiment. She is the oldest among them six. 一）. 简单句五种基本句型：句子包含主要句子成分(主语、谓语)和次要句子成分(表语、宾语、宾语补足语),按照动词的性质将英语简单句划分为以下五种基本句型：1、基本句型的词序：

大学英语语法直播课第二讲

简单句谓语动词的变化-时态 So Charles was ahead of the game there, too. （CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section A) The marketers are also seeing big opportunities. (CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section C, Passage 2) 这些以竹为食的动物正面临许多威胁。(CET 4, 2014.12,Translation) The bamboo-eating animals are facing a lot of threats. … the process of urbanization will only accelerate in the decades to come… (CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section C, Passage 1) But the Internet ’ s tremendous impact has only ju st begun. (CET 4, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section C, Passage 1) The royal environmentalist has been promoting radical ideas for most of his adult life. （CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section A) 谓语动词的变化-情态- 3 - …we can reduce urbanization ’s impact on the environment. (CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section C, Passage 1) 谓语动词的变化-语态 They are only limited by their curiosity and ambition. (CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section C, Passage 2) Silicon Valley executives are being shamed into adding women to their boards. (CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section C, Passage 2) 谓语动词的变化-否定 Governments don ’ t need informers any more. (CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section C, Passage 2) Sports cannot explain these similarities in performance. (CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section B) 谓语动词的变化-综合 The urbanization wave can ’ t be stopped … (CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section C, Passage 1) 土豪和大妈可能会被收入新版牛津（Oxford）英语词典。(CET 6, 2014.06,Translation) The words tuhao and dama may be included in the new edition of Oxford English Dictionary. 主语宾语表语的变化名词作主语 Many students entering college have weak skills in mathematics. (CET 4, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section A) That change is the rapid acceleration of urbanization. (CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section C, Passage 1) doing作主语 Finding ways to improve the lives of the remaining 20 percent seems more realistic than trying to restore an imaginary golden age. (CET 4, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section C, Passage 2) to do作主语

Material 07 大学英语语法补充讲练--主谓一致

英语中常用前缀、后缀(1) I．常用前缀（Prefixes）(1) anti-: against, opposite 反（对）；抗；非 anti-Japanese, antiwar, antislavery; auto-: of or by oneself 自己（做）的；自己；本身automobile; autobiography; auto-land; auto-criticism be-: cause to be or have 使，使显得；视作befriend; belittle; befool (愚弄, 欺骗, 糟蹋) bi-: two, twice, double 二，双，两倍 bicycle; bimonthly; biweekly; bio-: life 生命，生物 biochemistry; biosphere; biology centi-: hundredth part of 百分之一 centimeter; centigrade (百分度的) co-: with, together（和…）一起；共同, 联合 co-operation; coexist; cohabit con-: with, together（和…）一起；共同, 联合conjoin（联合）; cencentric（同中心的） col-:（用在字母l的前面）共同, 联合collocation （并置） com-: （用在字母m, b, 和p之前）compassion （同情） cor-: （用在字母r之前） correlation（相互关系） contra-: opposite 反对，相反，相对contramissile (反弹道导弹)；contranatural （违反自然的） counter-:Contrary; opposite; opposing与…相反；相对；对立的： counterattack; counterrevolution; de-: showing an opposite, to remove, to reduce 非，相反，除去，减少 decode (解密); devalue; decompose dis-: not, the opposite of 否定，相反disadvantage; disbelief; disavowal (否定, 拒绝) en-:cause to become, put into the stated condition 使成为，使处于…状态 endanger; enlarge em-: (用在字母m, b, 和p之前) 使成为，使处于…状态 embody (体现); empower (授权) ex-: former 以前的，前任的 ex-minister; ex-husband extra-: outside, beyond 超出，在…之外extracurricular (课外的); extraordinary fore-: in advance, before, in or at the front 预先，前，在前面的 foreleg (前腿); forewarn in-: not 不，非，无 inability; indirect; incorrect 英语中的主谓一致问题 1. 如果主语和谓语之间插入一个短语，如as well as, together with, in the accompany of, accompanied by, besides, in additional to, including, except, but, like, unlike, rather than, no less than 等等，这时谓语动词的数要与短语所修饰的主语相一致，这些短语对主语的单复数不构成任何影响。 The manager, together with his wife and children, is going to visit Canada next month. My uncle, as well as his colleagues, is leaving for home on Sunday. 2. 当作主语的名词前有every, each, either, neither, much, little, a little, whole 等修饰时，谓语动词用其单数形式，当有many, several, a few, few, a number of 等修饰时，用复数形式。但many a 修饰的名词后接单数形式的谓语。 Every man and woman is asked to vote. The situation goes against him. Many a boy like football. 当名词前有 all of, some of, most of, half of, the rest of, a lot of, the last, the reminder等修饰时，谓语动词的数要根据该名词的数而定。名词是复数，谓语为复数，反之用单数。 Let’s share the last apple. Half of the apple is for you. There are twenty apples. Half of the apple are for you. All butter is made from milk. Some of the water is polluted. 作主语的名词受数词，百分比，分数的修饰时，谓语动词既可作单数，亦可作复数，要视情况而定。

初中英语语法名词篇

初中中考英语语法（名词篇）语法总述：名词篇：名词的种类：英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类： 1、专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。如：Jilin, Tom, China, (1)零冠词，如Yale University,Beijing Railway Station,是由专有名词+普通名词组成，往往为并列关系。 (2)定冠词，如the United States，the Great Wall,由形容词+普通名词组成。 (3) 姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),如：the Greens( 格林一家人)。 2、普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。普通名词又可进一步分为四类 1) 个体名称: 表示单个的人和事物。 house 马car 汽车room 房间apple 苹果fun 风扇picture 照片 2) 集体名称: 表示一群人或一些事物的名称。 people 人们 family 家庭 army 军队government 政府 group 集团 3) 物质名词:表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。 fire 火 steel 钢air 空气water 水milk 牛奶 4)抽象名词:表示动作,状态,品质或其他抽象概念。

labour 劳动health 健康life 生活friendship友情patience耐力 3. 普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如： box, child, orange；不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如：water, news, oil, population, information . 4、英语可数名词的单复数：英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。 1. 规则名词的复数形式：

初中英语语法：感叹句

初中英语语法：感叹句表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情时用感叹句。感叹句分为两种，一种以what引导，一种以how引导。句尾用感叹号!。用降调。下面就是小编给大家带来的关于感叹句的语法，希望能帮助到大家! 英语语法大全之感叹句 What a clever boy he is! 多么聪明的小男孩啊! How clever the boy is! 这小男孩多聪明啊! 1What引导的感叹句 What a beautiful city it is! (这是个)多么美丽的城市啊! 句型：(1)what + a/an +形容词+单数可数名词+陈述句(主语+谓语) What a beautiful city it is! What an interesting story she told! (2)what+形容词+复数可数名词/不可数名词+陈述句(主语+谓语) What expensive watches they are! What terrible weather it is! 2how引导的感叹句

How hot it is today!今天天气多么热啊! 1.句型：(1)How+形容词/副词+陈述句(主语+谓语) How cold it is! How hard he works! (2)How+陈述句(主语+谓语) How he loves his son! (3)How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+陈述句(主语+谓语) How tall a tree it is! 2.how修饰动词时，动词并不提前。 How I want to be a teacher! 我多想当个老师啊! 上述两种感叹句可以互相转换。例如： What a clever boy he is!How clever the boy is! What a cold day it is!How cold it is! 注意 what和how引导的两种感叹句，在口语中常用简略式，即省略后一部分(陈述句部分)如： How cold! 多冷啊! What heavy traffic! 交通多挤啊! 比较

语法大纲

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4 虚拟语气 2 5 非限定动词（不定式、-ING分词、-ED分词） 2 6 句子类型和直接、间接引语 2 7 名词性从句和定语从句 4 8 状语从句和it的用法 2 9 主谓一致 2 10 替代、省略、前置与倒装 2 11 复习及练习 4 教学要求：第一讲导论、各个词类 1．教学目标：导论：让学生了解语法课程的性质、作用和学习方法掌握名词、限定词、代词、助动词的定义及它们在句子中的功能和用法。形容词的分类及用法、副词的分类及用法、介词的分类及用法 2．教学内容：导论：语法课程的性质、作用和学习方法名词的类别、限定词的搭配、代词与其先行项的一致、情态助动词的意义。形容词、副词、介词的类型，形容词作修饰语和补语，副词做修饰语和状语，介词与其他词类的搭配第二讲动词时态 1．教学目标：掌握英语中各个时态的用法和部分时态的异同 2．教学内容：动词的分类、一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行体、完成体、完成进行体和将来时间表示法第三讲被动语态 1．教学目标：掌握被动态的结构模式、被动态的英汉互译及其使用场合 2．教学内容：几种不同类型动词的被动模式，英汉被动意义表示法和使用被动态的制约因素第四讲虚拟语气 1．教学目标：掌握虚拟语气的用法 2．教学内容：虚拟语气的结构模式和在不同场合下的使用第五讲非限定动词（不定式、-ING分词、-ED分词） 1．教学目标：掌握不定式、-ING分词、-ED分词的用法 2．教学内容：不定式的结构形式、不定式搭配和ING分词的搭配、ED分词作修饰语第六讲句子类型和直接、间接引语 1．教学目标：掌握句子的类型，直接引语和间接引语的互换 2．教学内容：句子的的基本形式及其变体，各类句子的间接引语

《中考英语》初中英语语法知识—祈使句的难题汇编及答案

一、选择题 1．Hey, James,__________on the wall. A．doesn't draw B．didn't draw C．don't draw D．drew 2．Don’t ________ your glass too _______. A．fill; full B．fill; filled C．full; full D．full; filled 3．— Please ________very quiet. They___________ . — OK, I will. A．to be; sleep B．be; are sleeping C．to be; are sleeping D．be; sleeps 4．______ talk in the library. A．Don’t B．Not C．Not to 5．Mike, __________ make any noise, your father is sleeping. A．not B．don't C．won't D．can't 6．Please _____ look outside. Look at the black board. A．not B．don’t C．aren’t D．can’t 7．Leave the E-dictionary behind,____ you won't be able to read independently. A．so B．or C．and D．but 8．Let’s ______ sports after school. Sports are good for health. A．have B．having C．to have D．has 9．— We need more office supplies. —Ok. Let’s ______ a list. A．making B．makes C．make D．made 10．The window is . Mike, go and it. A．open; closed B．close; opens C．open; close D．closed; opens 11．—Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. — _________. A．I don't B．I won't C．I will D．I'd like to 12．—_____________ dressed now! We have to go in ten minutes. —OK, Mom. A．Getting B．Get C．To get D．Gets 13．-Let's make fruit salad. - _____________ . A．No,I'm not B．Thank you C．That's all right D．That's a good idea 14．Tom, your homework all the time. It’ not good for your eyes. A．not do B．doesn’t do C．don’t do D．isn’t do 15．________the key card in your hotel room. Leave it at the reception desk. A．No leave B．Not leave C．Don't leave D．No leaving