高一(上)英语必修一Unit4-Earthquakes重点单词短语归纳整理-2

Unit 4 Earthquakes

【重点词汇】

1 ruin

n．毁灭；毁坏；崩溃；(不可数名词)废墟；遗迹(常用复数

vt．&vi．(使)毁坏；毁灭；成为废墟；使破产

①The castle has fallen into rain．那城堡已破败不堪。

②An earthquake left the whole town in ruins．那次地震过后，全城到处是残垣断壁。‘

③It poured with rain and my dress got/was mined．大雨倾盆，我的连衣裙已淋得不成样子了。

归纳拓展

fall into ruin崩塌

come/go to ruin毁灭，崩溃

lie in ruins成为废墟

the ruins of Yuanmingyuan圆明园遗迹

bring sb.to ruin使某人破产

ruin one’s hopes使某人希望破灭

ruin oneself自取灭亡

ruin one’s health/fame毁坏某人的健康/名誉

辨析活用

damage/destroy/ruin/spoil

这四个词都有“损坏，破坏”之意，具体区别如下：

(1)ruin指彻底摧毁一件事物，特别是摧毁美好、珍贵的事物，并使其无法修复，其主语多为天灾人祸等无形的力量。有时可用于借喻中，泛指一般的“弄坏了”。

He has ruined his health through drinking.

他饮酒过度，把身体搞坏了。

(2)damage指“损坏”，表示不彻底的破坏，一般是部分性的，只是使其不能发挥正常作用，意味损坏后价值或效率降低，宾语一般是物。

I damaged my shoes in football practice today.今天练习踢足球时我把鞋弄坏了。

(3)destroy指十分彻底的“破坏”，常含有不能或很难修复的意思，也可以用作比喻意义，指希望、梦想等的破灭；主语可以是人，也可以是物；后接人或物都可以。

The building was completely destroyed by fire. 那栋房子被火烧得一干二净。

On hearing the news，all my hopes were destroyed. 一听到这个消息，我所有的希望都破灭了。

(4)spoil有“损坏，搞糟”之意，指不仅造成价值、精力、兴致等方面的影响，还意味着可能造成某种毁灭或彻底破坏；也可作“宠坏”解。

Quarreling completely spoiled the dinner，which broke up in discord.

争吵完全破坏了宴会的气氛，结果宴会不欢而散。

I do hate to spoil your fun，but I’ve got something urgent to tell you.

我真不愿扫了你的兴，但我有紧急的事必须告诉你。

2 shock vt．&vi．(使)震动，震惊；(使)受电击n．打击；震惊；震动[C]令人震惊的人或事People were shocked.(回归课本P26)

①1 was shocked to see him alone．我很吃惊地发现他独自一人。

②I felt the shock as the aircraft hit the ground．飞机着陆时我感觉到震了一下。

③If you touch this live wire，you’11 get a shock．如果触摸这条带电的电线，你就会遭到电击。归纳拓展

shocked口办震惊的，震撼的shocking adj．令人震惊的

with/from shock由于震惊

a shocking accident令人吃惊的事故

be shocked at对……感到吃惊

be shocked to do深感意外地去做

特别提示

(1)shocked/surprised/amazed等的主语多为人，而shocking/surprising/amazing等的主语多为物。这两种形式的形容词辨析常在高考题中出现。如：

①They were shocked by her rudeness ．他们对她的无礼感到震惊。 ②What a shocking waste of time!时间的浪费多么惊人呀!

(2)当表示具体的令人震惊的人或事的时候，shock 是可数名词，这一点常和冠词一起考查。如： The news of his mother’s death was a terrible shock to him ． 他母亲去世的噩耗使他非常震惊。 3 Trap

vt ．(trapped ，trapped)使陷入困境；设陷阱捕 n ．陷阱；困境；捕捉(动物的)夹子

①I told him how Heathcliff had trapped US ，and that Cathy was probably married to Linton by now ．我告诉他希斯克利夫是如何骗我们入了圈套，还有凯茜很可能已嫁给了林顿。 ②The thieves were caught in a police trap ．窃贼落人警方设的陷阱而被捕。

③The lift broke down and we were trapped inside(it)．电梯出了故障，我们被困在里面了。 归纳拓展

(1)fall into a trap ：be caught in a trap 掉人陷阱；落人圈套

lay/set a trap(for)安装捕捉机；设陷阱，设圈套 (2)trap sb into doing sth 诱使某人做某事

By clever questioning they trapped him into making a confession ．他们用巧妙的提问诱使他招认了。 It’S cruel to trap birds ．诱捕乌是很残忍的。

4教材原句P26：Twothirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.他们中有2/3在地震中伤亡

⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧

injured adj .受伤的，受委屈的

the injured 伤员an injured look/expression 委屈的样子/表情injured pride/feelings 受到伤害的自尊/情感

⎩

⎪⎨⎪⎧

injury n .伤，伤口；伤害do an injury to sb.伤害某人 ①While crossing the road ，an old man was knocked down by a car and badly injured.过马路时，一位老人被汽车撞倒且严重受伤。

②Your words may injure her pride.你的话也许会伤她的自尊。 ③The injured were taken to the hospital.受伤者被送进了医院。

5 judge n ．法官，审判员；鉴赏家vt ．审理；鉴定；判断；认为 vt 判断；评价

Your speech was heard by a group of five judges ，all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year.(回归课本P30) 归纳拓展

judgement n ．审判，判决；判断力；意见，看法，评价 judge sb./sth.from/by...从……来判断 judge between right and wrong 判断是非 as far as I can judge 据我判断，我认为 judging by/from 从……上看；根据……判断

don ’t judge a book by its cover 勿以貌取人；勿只凭外表判断

①I can’t judge whether he is right or wrong.我不能断定他是对还是错。 ②Judging from his expression ，he was satisfied with my work.

从他的表情判断，他对我的工作很满意。

③As far as I can judge ，it is he rather than you is to blame.据我判断，是他而不是你该受责备。 ④In my judgement ，it is necessary to pay him a visit.在我看来，有必要去拜访一下他。 特别提示

judging from/by…．置于句首作状语，v-ing 形式不受主语的限制，构成独立成分。类似的用法还有： generally speaking 一般来说 frankly speaking 坦白地说 considering 考虑到…… to tell you the truth 说实话

6 congratulationn ．祝贺，庆贺；贺词(复数)

①I show the congratulation to Mrs Jones because her son won in the high jump match ．我向琼斯夫人表示祝贺，因为她的儿子在跳高比赛中获胜了。

②Congratulations on winning the football game ．祝贺赢得这场足球赛。 归纳拓展

congratulations(to sb)on/upon(doing)sth 祝贺(某人)在某方面取得成就 offer/send sb’S congratulations to sb 向某人致以祝贺