教案纸模板

Unit 4 Earthquakes

I词语辨析

1.congratulate / celebrate

congratulate 对他人祝贺为目的，侧重以言语表示祝贺。

celebrate 通常指举行盛大隆重的仪式庆祝或纪念有意义的日子或某件事情。

侧重指以行动来庆祝生日、节日等。

2.destroy / ruin / damage / harm

destroy 表示在肉体上、精神上或道义上的彻底摧毁，使之无法恢复，也可以表示对某物体进行完全的毁坏。

Ruin 一般指对物体或生命彻底的破坏，但往往是非暴力的，也往往不是一次性打击

的结果，常指对美好的或希望中的事物的破坏。

damage 一般指对物体或生命的局部损伤，使整体的价值或作用降低或变得无价值、无作用。这种损伤可以是暴力的或一次性破坏的结果，也可以指

非暴力的长期损害的结果。

harm 一般指伤害有生命的东西，常指伤及人的健康、权利、事业等

3.rise / raise / lift

rise 普通用词，指具体的抽象的事物由低向高移动。

raise 及物动词，多指把某物从低处升到高处。

lift 语气比raise强，指用体力或机械的力举起或抬起某物。

4.hurt / injure / wound

hurt 一般用语，即可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神和情感方面的伤害。

injure 比hurt正式，一般指由于意外或事故而受伤，很少指精神方面的伤害.

wound 指外伤，如枪伤、刀伤、剑伤等，尤指在战争中受伤。

Ⅲ重点词汇

1. burst v.&n. 爆裂, 爆发, 突然破裂

[典例]

1).The red balloon suddenly burst. 那个红色的气球突然爆了。

2). The police burst through the door.警察破门而入。

3). On hearing the news, Leslie burst into laughter while Tracy burst out crying.

一听到这则消息，Leslie突然大笑，而Tracy则突然大哭起来。

4). A burst of hand-clapping followed the ending of the song.

歌声结束后响起了一阵掌声。

[重点用法]

burst into laughter = burst out laughing 突然大笑

burst into tears = burst out crying 突然大哭

2. rescue n.&vt. 援救，营救

1). The police came to his rescue and pulled him out of the river. 警察来救他把他从河里拉了出

2). The rescue team made countless rescues during the earthquake.

营救队在这次地震期间进行了无数次救援。

3). Michael rescued a boy from drowning. 迈克把溺水的男孩救了

3. judge n.&v. 法官，鉴赏家，裁判，判断，估计

[

典例] 1). His father used to be a judge. 他的父亲过去是一名法官。

2). She's a good judge of wine.她是鉴别酒的专家。

3). The blind can’t judge colors. 盲人无法判断颜色。

4). Don’t judge a ma n by his looks. 不要以貌取人。

[重点用法]

judge sb./ sth. by/from 通过……判断……

as far as I judge 我认为

judging from… 从……来看，根据……判断

4. ruin v.&n. 毁灭，使破产，遗迹，废墟（名词时常用复数）

[典例]

1). The hurricane ruined all the houses here.飓风使这里所有的房屋成为废墟。

2). He ruined his prospects by carelessness. 他因疏忽大意而断送了前途。

[重点用法]

be in ruins 呈一片废墟fall into ruin 变成废墟come to ruin 毁灭，落空ruin oneself 自我毁灭bring sb. to ruin 使毁灭

Ⅳ重点词组

1. right away 立刻，马上

1).I’ll return the book to you right away. 我会马上还书给你。

2). If war breaks out, we shall be called up right away.

如果战争爆发，我们将立即被征召服役。

[短语归纳]

“立刻，马上”的表达方式：

right away，right now，at once，immediately，in no time

2. at an end 结束，终结（= finished）

1). The war was finally at an end. 战争终于结束了。

[短语归纳]

与end搭配的常用短语

at the end of 在……末尾by the end of 在……末为止

in the end 最后，终于at a loose end 无所事事，处于杂乱状态make ends meet 收支相抵

3. instead of 代替，而不是

1). The Chinese use chopsticks instead of knives and forks. 中国人不用刀叉,用筷子。

2). Instead of working, Jack was idling away his time. 杰克不去工作,虚度着光阴。

3). She decided to leave here on Sunday instead of Monday.

她决定星期日而不是星期一离开这里。

[短语归纳]

instead 是副词，单独使用，用于句首或句末作状语，意为“代替；相反”。instead of 是复合介词，后接名词、代词、或动名词，其后面的动作，意为“代替、而不……”。

in place of 为介词短语，也是“代替、而不”的意思，表“以甲代乙”，不含比，而instead of则是“用甲不用乙”，除“代替”外，还有对乙作否定的意思，有时意为“不”。take the place of 作谓语，用在名词、代词前。

4. tens of thousands of 数以万计的

[典例]

1). Tens of thousands of people were watching the game in the stadium when it began to rain heavily.

[短语归纳]

hundreds of数百的hundreds of and thousands of 成百上千的

thousands of数千的millions of数百万的

dozens of许多；大量scores of 许多；大量

V重点句子

1. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.

老鼠跑到地里找地方躲。

[解释] 这句话中的looking for places to hide 是作ran out of the fields 的伴随状况，这是动词的现在分词形式的一个用法。

现在分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。

2. All hope was not lost. 并不是所有的希望都破灭了。

表示“全体”意义的代词、副词或形容“all, both, every, everybody, always” 等和否定副词not连用时表部分否定, 而“none, neither, nobody, nothing” 等表完全否定。

如：

Everyone doesn’t like the story. = Not everyone likes the story.

并非每个人都喜欢这个故事。

Nobody likes the story. 没人喜欢这个故事。

Both of the students don’t like the story. 并非这两个学生这个故事。Neither of the students likes the story. 这两个学生都不喜欢这个故事。

Unit 5 Nelson Mandela- a modern hero

Ⅰ词语辨析

1.fight for/against/with

ight for/against/with

fight for 为……而斗争；努力争取

fight against 与……作斗争

fight with 和……并肩作战，和……打仗/打架/斗争

2.reward / award

3. accept / receive

accept (接受)表示主观上乐意接受。还表示“答应”、“同意”、“认同”

receive (收到,得到), 表示客观收到, 还不能断定是否接受。还表示“接待”、“接收”、“欢

迎”。

4. since / because / as / for

since =now that 意为“由于,既然”,常表示已知的或大家都清楚的原因。

because表语气最强, 经常表听者不知的原因,它能回答why的提问。

as 可和because互换,但语气不够它强,也不能回答why的提问。

for 是并列连词,与后面的分句对前一句话起到补充说明的作用,其前常有逗号隔开。

II词性变化

Ⅲ重点词汇

1. devote vt. 投入；献身

[典例]

1). He devoted himself entirely to music. 他将一生奉献给了音乐。

2). Mary devoted her life to caring for the sick. 玛丽献身于为病人服务。

[重点用法]

devot e… to… 献身于；专心于

在devote… to…短语中，to是介词，后面接名词或动词-ing。常见的类似短语还有：

pay attention to（注意……）; stick to（坚持……）; lead to（导致……）; prefer…to（相比……更喜欢……）; look forward to（盼望……）;

2. vote v. 投票（决定）；选举n. 投票, 选票,表决, 得票数

[典例]

1). We voted Democrat in the last election. 我们在上次的选举中投了民主党的票。

2). We’ll listen to the arguments on both sides and then vote on it.

我们会先听取双方的论证后再作表决。

3). The votes are still being counted. 选票仍在统计中。

[重点用法]

vote down 投票否决；投票击败vote in 投票选出；选举

vote through 表决通过put… to the vote 将……付诸表决

take/have a vote on 对……进行表决vote for/against 投票赞成/反对

. reward n. 报酬，奖金vt. 酬谢，给以报答

[典例]

1). He worked hard but without much reward. 他工作很努力，但是报酬很少。

2). He rewarded me with a prize. 他用一个奖励来报答我。

[重点用法]

in reward (for…) 作为（对……的）报酬、报答

give a reward to sb. for sth. 为……给某人报酬、赏金

reward sb. for (doing) sth. 因……报答、奖赏某人

reward sb. with sth. 用……报答、奖赏某人

4. equal adj. 平等的；相等的

[典例]

1). Women demand equal pay for equal work. 女性要求同等工作获同等报酬。

2). All people are born equal. 人人生来平等。

[重点用法]

be equal to 与……相等

be equal with 与……平等

5. advise v. 建议

[典例]

1). I have advised you on that subject. 在那个问题上，我给过你建议.

2). Christie advises us to practise oral English as often as possible. Christie建议我们要尽可能多练口语.

3). I advise that you (should) not eat fruit that isn’t ripe. 我建议你不要吃那些没有熟的水果.

[重点用法]

advise sb. on sth. 就……给某人出主意advise +n. /pron. 建议……

advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人干……advise (one’s) doing sth. 建议（某人）干……

advise + (that) sb. (should) do

advice n. 建议；意见

a piece of advice一条建议

go to sb. for advice = ask sb. for advice向某人寻求建议；征询某人的意见

give advice to sb. on sth.就……对某人提供建议

follow sb’s advice = take sb’s advice 接受某人的建议

Ⅳ重点词组

1put…in prison = send…to prison = throw …into prison 把……投入监狱

The car thieves have been put in prison. 那些偷车贼都被关进监狱了。

2. out of work 失业,出问题

[典例]

1). Jim has been out of work for several months. 吉姆已经失业几个月了。

2). Mary’s cell phone has been out of work for several days, which brought her a lot of inconvenience. 玛丽的手机坏了好几天了，这给她带来了很多不便。

[短语归纳]

in work 有工作

out of breath 上气不接下气out of patience 不耐烦

out of use 没用了out of date 过时

out of order 次序颠倒；出故障out of control 失控

out of danger 脱离危险out of shape 变形

Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不见, 心不烦。

2. out of work 失业,出问题

[典例]

1). Jim has been out of work for several months. 吉姆已经失业几个月了。

2). Mary’s cell phone has been out of work for several days, which brought her a lot of inconvenience. 玛丽的手机坏了好几天了，这给她带来了很多不便。

[短语归纳]

in work 有工作

out of breath 上气不接下气out of patience 不耐烦

out of use 没用了out of date 过时

out of order 次序颠倒；出故障out of control 失控

out of danger 脱离危险out of shape 变形

Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不见, 心不烦。

V 重点句子

1. We were put in a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the Government.

我们被置于这样一种境地，或者是被迫承认我们低人一等，或者是与政府作斗争。[解释] 这是一个主从复合句，in which引导定语从句，修饰先行词position。

类似的名词还有situation, stage, case等，作先行词时，可用where引导定语从句

Can you think of a situation where you once felt embarrassed?

拓展：

介词+关系代词which在定语从句中充当时间、地点、原因状语，相当于关系副词when, where和why。

He is the boss of the restaurant where （= in which）we often have lunch.

Today when （= on which）the product will be put into use will come soon.

The reason why（= for which）he was late for school was unbelievable.

2. Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 只是在那时我们才决定以暴力对暴力。

[解释]当only修饰状语位于句首时，句子采用部分倒装的结构, 将助动词或系动词提前，放在主语前。

Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 只是在那时我们才决定以暴力对暴力。

Only yesterday did his father tell him the truth, which was a big surprise to him.

昨天他父亲才把真相告诉他, 这对他真是个令人吃惊的消息.

Only by shouting was he able to make people on the other side of the river hear him.

他只有靠大声喊才能使河对岸的人们听到他的声音。