新目标初中英语总复习资料讲义

新目标初中英语总复习资料讲义

八种动词时态，有的只要求达到理解层次，有的则要求达到熟练运用层次。至少其中五种时态包括过去进行时是要求达到熟练运用层次的，而且其考查方式肯定不会以某一时态的独立形式出现，而是时态的综合运用，尤其要重视各种时态之间的区别。

找出它们之间的不同冠词的用法.

现以冠词为例：

1.John was given _______ orange bag for his birthday but ______ bag was lost just now.

A.an,a

B.a,the

C.the,a

D.an,the

2.There's ________ old tree near _______ house. A.a,an B.an,the C.a,the D.the,a

3.There is ___ 800-metre-long road behind ___ hospital.A.an,an B.a,a C.an,the D.a,the

4._______ good,kind girl she is! A.How B.What a C.What D.How a

5.________ bad weather!I hope it won't last long. A.How B.What C.What a

D.How a

6._______ they are listening to the teacher!

A.How careful

B.What careful

C.How carefully

D.What carefully

由上例题我们可以发现冠词和感叹句是必考内容。同样，象宾语从句的语序、代词的格、主谓语一致、动词和介词的搭配、近义词的比较以及习惯表达法和情态动词的使用等，无一不在考查之列。所有这一切语言基础知识，我都将通过对典型试题的解题分析，展开讨论，分层展示难易对比，系统归纳。对于语言基础知识是这样处理，那么对以能力测试为主要目的的中考其他试题形式又该怎么办呢？这里我们以一篇完形填空题为例：

A poor farmer had never left his small village.After he(1) a lot of money,he decided to spend a holiday in an expensive hotel(旅馆)in a bigtown.(2)lunch time came on his first day there,he went to eat in the restaurant(餐馆)of the hotel(3) his new clothes.The head waiter(服务员)(4)him to the table,took his order and went away.When he turned and (5)the farmer again,he had a (6)!The farmer had tied(系)his table cloth round his (7).

The head waiter told another waiter to go to the farmer and (8) him that people (9) do such a thing in his restaurant.So the waiter went tothe farmer and said in a (10) voice(声音),"Good

morning,sir.Would you like a haircut?"

1.A.lent B.made C.paid D.gave

2.A.During B.Though C.When D.Because

3.A.for B.with C.on D.in

4.A.wanted B.put C.showed D.brought

5.A.looked at B.watched C.saw D.found

6.A.look B.rest C.table cloth D.surprise

7.A.arm B.neck C.hand D.head

8.A.ask B.tell C.taught D.told

9.A.can't B.don't C.won't D.mustn't

10.A.friendly B.tired C.sad D.ter

要求考生从所给的选项中选出正确答案，使补足后的短文意思通顺，结构完整。对此，考生必须通篇考虑，不能拿来就做，那样必然顾此失彼，前后意思不得连贯。目前的中考完型还侧重于语法，这将在逐年试题的变革中转向按上下文的要求来推断理解。

在解这类题时，必须掌握“词感现象”，注意学会区分“干扰项”。所谓词感，“the sense of word"是指一种对词或词群的感受能力。对词的感受力强，在解题时会较为容易地找到它与情景的关系。词感并不仅仅指词与词之间的细微差异，也并不注重词的搭配与组合，它较多地强调选用恰当的词，以利于对情景作出合乎逻辑的判断。同时也就把其它三个作为干扰项的选择项排除掉了。最后复读一篇全文，就会语感流畅，句意明确。

这儿举例的目的是想说明，我从一个较高的立意来对中考题型，特别是完形、阅读等，进行分析、探讨，借以使同学们获得较为完整的解题思路和解题方法。

词汇（一）

这一讲里，主要帮助同学们掌握名词、冠词、数词的用法，特别是针对同学不易掌握的方面。

一、名词关于名词，我们必须掌握名词的数，名词的格。

单数可用a、an来修饰可数名词单数，在元音发音开头的单词前用an，而不是a

1.复数的构成方法：(1)一般在复数名词后加s，如：dog--dogs。

(2)以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加es，如：watch--watches。

(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加es，如：country--countries。

请区别：如果是元音字母加y结尾的名词，则只须加s。如：monkey--monkeys。

(4)以o结尾的名词，只有potato(土豆)，tomato(西红柿)加es构成复数。

(5)以f、fe结尾的名词，变f、fe为v再加es，如：knife--knives。

2.单复数形式相同的词：sheep--sheep，fish--fish Chinese--Chinese，Japanese--Japanese

3.特殊变化的单词有：(1)tooth--teeth，foot--feeth

(2)man--men，woman--women，policeman--policemen,Frenchman--Frenchmen

请区别：German(德国人)—Germans (3)child—children

4.常以复数形式出现的名词：people(人)，clothes(衣服)，trousers(裤子) glasses(眼镜) ,这些名词作主语时，同学们应特别注意它们的谓语，用复数。如：My clothes are (be) newer than yours.

5.有些名词看似复数形式，实际上是单数。这一点是同学不易掌握的，应特别加以记忆。如：news(消息)，maths(数学)，physics(物理) No news is good news.

6.可用how many，many，a few，few，a lot of，lots of，some，any等来修饰可数名词复数。How many are there in your pencil-box?(knife)

不可数名词：1.常见的不可数名词有：water，rice，fish，meat，等。应特别记medicine,news,work,homework,housework,money,chalk,weather,cotton,wood.

2.不可数名词无复数，作主语时常看成单数。如：Some bread__________over there.(be)

3.常用how much,much,a little,little,a lot of,some,any等来修饰不可数名词。

4.常用a piece of,a cup of等来表示不可数名词的量。如要表达“两片面包”这样的意义，bread 仍为不可数名词，不加s，而piece则可加s。即：twopiecesof bread

请区别：可数名词也可用量来表示，如：三箱苹果three boxes of apples

例：1、These two pieces of bread __________over there.(be)

2、Could I have three ___________,please？

A.piece of bread

B.piece of breads

C.pieces of bread

D.pieces of breads 名词的格名词所有格的构成方法，在名词后加“'s”。如：Tom→Tom's译为“…的”，