英语中动词的分类

英语中动词的分类
英语中动词的分类

英语中动词的分类

1)表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。

2)根据其在句中的功能,动词可分为四类,分别是:实义动词(Notional Verb)、系动词(Link Verb)、助动词(Auxiliary Verb)、情态动词(Modal Verb)。

说明:有些情况下,有些动词是兼类词,例如:

We are having a meeting.我们正在开会。(having是实义动词。)

He has gone to New York.他已去纽约。

(has是助动词。)

3)动词根据其后是否带有宾语,可分为两类,分别是:及物动词(Transitive Verb)、不及物动词(Intransitive Verb),缩写形式分别为vt.和vi.。

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英语动词是句子的核心。它既决定着句子意思的表达同时又决定着句子的语法结构。难怪有人说,英语是动词和介词的语言。可见研究动词的用法在英语学习中是十分重要的。

(一、) 分清及物不及物:

分清动词的及物不及物是在英语学习中必须解决的首要问题。动词及物与不及物通常有以下

几种情况:

a.主要用作及物动词。及物动词后面必须跟宾语。可以用于:"主+谓+宾";"主+谓+双

宾";"主+谓+宾+宾补"结构。如:

He reached Paris the day before yesterday.

Please hand me the book over there.

They asked me to go fishing with them.

类似的还有:buy, catch, invent, found, like, observe, offer, prevent, promise, raise, find, forget, receive, regard, see, say, seat, supply, select, suppose, show, make, take, tell....

b.主要用作不及物的动词。不及物动词后面不跟宾语。只能用与:"主+谓"结构。

This is the room where I once lived.

类似的还有:agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry,

fail, succeed....

c.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词,其意义不变。如begin 都是作"开始"讲。everybody , our game begins. let us begin our game. 类似的还有:start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve....

d.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词,其意义完全不同。

这类动词作不及物动词是一个意义;而作及物动词时却是另一个意义。如lift作不及物动词时是指烟雾的"消散"。we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted. 作及物动词时是"升高;举

起"。

He lifted his glass and drank.

类似的还有:beat vi.跳动vt.敲、打;grow vi.生长vt.种植

play vi.玩耍vt.打(牌、球),演奏smell vi.发出(气味)vt.嗅

ring vi.(电话、铃)响vt.打电话speak vi.讲话vt.说(语言)

hang vi. 悬挂vt.绞死operate vi.动手术vt.操作

(二、) 辨别表动作与表结果的动词

表动作的动词强调动作的发生,不涉及该动词的结果。如:

He looked at the picture. He saw a picture .

前一句中的动词强调"看"这一动作;而后一句中的动词表示"看到"这一结果。类似的还有:tear at; tear, look for; find, try to do sth.; manage to do sth., prepare for; be prepared for, advise;

persuade 等。

(三、) 记住瞬间动词

英语中不少动词所表示的动作在瞬间就可以完成.如:

He arrived in paris yesterday.

而另一些动词所表示的动作则可以延续.如:

They worked until 12 o'clock last night.

特别是在现在完成时态的句子中,瞬间动词的完成时态不能跟表示一段时间的时间状语连用。瞬间动词有:arrive, borrow, buy, close, fall, finish, go, join, kill, hit, leave, lend, die, marry, open,

reach, return, start, stop, recognize....等。

(四、) 掌握好表状态的连系动词与表变化的连系动词

英语中的连系动词主要分为两大类:

2 英语动词

a.表状态的连系动词。如:he is a good worker. 除了be 而外,还有:stand(位于),lie(位于),stay, have, consist of, belong to, exist, weigh, own....等。

b.另一类连系动词表示动作或变化,是由行为动词转化而来的。一般在这些连系动词后跟形容词作表语如:his hair grows grey. 这类连系动词还有: turn, become, taste, smell, sound,

look, feel, get...等。

(五、) 注意词义相近,用法不同的动词

a.表主观与客观的动词

I received his invitation last night, but i didn't want to accept it.

该句中,动词receive, accept 都表示"接受"但前者表示客观地接收到什么东西;后者表示"I"

的主观意愿。类似用法的动词还有:listen to; hear, look at; see, must; have to等。

b.表直接与间接的动词

He heard that the scientist would come to our school.

He heard of the news that the scientist would come to our school.

前句中hear的表示直接听说的,而后一句中hear of 的表示间接听说的。类似用法的动词还有:know; know of, speak; speak of, talk; talk of等。

(六、) 重视多字动词的用法

所谓多字动词是指动词与某些副词、介词构成的动词词组。一般有四种形式:a."动词+介词"结构。该结构中的动词是不及物动词,当和一些介词搭配后,则把它看成一

个整体,即把它看成一个及物动词。如:

We never thought of such success when we first started.

类似用法的还有:agree to, ask for, attention to, break into, call upon, deal with, laugh at, dream of, listen to, look at, operate on, talk about, rely on, refer to...

b."动词+副词"结构。该结构中的动词是及物动词的,该结构及物;是不及物的,则不及物。

如:

We put off the sports meet.

After he grew up, he went to london to work for a company.

类似用法的还有: bring about, bring up, call up, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, help out, look up, make out, pass on, point out, put away, put down, put away, put down, put off, put on, ring up, set up, take up, think over, turn down, use up, work out..., wake up, shut up, come about, break out, carry on, come up, fall over, get away, get back, look out, go up, go out, stay up....

在这类结构中,必须注意有的多字动词即及物又可不及物。有的甚至汉语意义也完全不相同。

如:

He looked up and saw his teacher in front of him. (vi. 抬起头看)

He looked up the word in the dictionary. (vt.查找)

类似的有break down vi.(车等)坏了vt.分解,分为;

go over vi. 走过去vt.复习,仔细查看等。

c."动词+副词+介词"结构。如:

We should do away with that sort of thing.

类似的有:give in to, catch up with, look down upon, make up for, put up with....

d."动词+名词+介词"结构。该结构是最多,最常见的多字动词。如:

We will take care of them.

类似的有:catch sight of, keep an eye on, make use of, make a fool of, make fun of, make room for, make sure of, knock out of, have a word with, pay attention to, put an end to, set fire to, take advantage of, take hold of, take note of, take notice of, take part in, take pride in, take possession

of, play a trick on, play a part in....

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说明:同一动词有时可用作及物动词,有时可用作不及物动词。例如:

She can dance and sing.

她能唱歌又能跳舞。(sing在此用作不及物动词。)

She can sing many English songs.

她能唱好多首英文歌曲。(sing用作及物动词。)

3 英语动词

4)根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制,可分两类,分别是:限定动词(Finite Verb)、非限

定动词(Non-finite Verb)例如:

She sings very well.

她唱得很好。(sing受主语she的限制,故用第三人称单数形式sings。)

She wants to learn English well.

她想学好英语。(to learn不受主语she的限制,没有词形变化,是非限定动词。

说明:英语中共有三种非限定动词,分别是:动词不定式(Infinitive)、动名词(Gerund)、

分词(Participle)。

5)根据动词的组成形式,可分为三类,分别是:单字词(One-Word Verb)、短语动词(Phrasal

Verb)、动词短语(Verbal Phrase)例如:

The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases.

英语里有许多短语动词和动词短语。(contains是单字动词。)

Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries.

学生们学会查字典。(look up是短语动词。)

The young ought to take care of the old.

年轻人应照料老人。(take care of是动词短语。)

6)动词有五种形态,分别是:原形(Original Form)、第三人称单数形式(Singular From in Third Personal)、过去式(Past Form)、过去分词(Past Participle)、现在分词(Present Participle)。

7) 及物动词不需要介词

在英语错误中,"及物动词+介词+宾语"(transitive verb+preposition+object),是常见的一种。所谓及物动词,就是谓语动词(predicative verb),不必通过介词引荐宾语。相反的,不及物动词(intransitive verb)是不带宾语的。有许多动词,虽然性质是及物的,但不一定要

有宾语,如下列的①a和②a便是这种情形:

①a. We study every day.

b. Do you study English every day.

②a. Please write clearly next time.

b. Can you write your composition now?

如果本质上就是不及物动词,就不会有宾语;若要宾语,就要借介词之助,一起连用才

行,如③b和④b;③a和④a是错的;

*③a. The children are listening the music.

b. The children are listening to the musi

c.

*④a. She is laughing the crippled man.

b. She is laughing at the crippled man.

反之,及物动词不必靠介词,就可以带宾语,如上述的①b和②b ,又如⑤和⑥:

⑤John is giving a book to me.

⑥Who will answer this question?

如果无意中把介词加上,就错了,如:

*⑦Who will answer to this question?

下列这句从房地产广告中看到的句子,也犯了同样的错:

"We have many buyers awaiting for available units here."

"Awaiting"是个及物动词,后面的介词"for"是多余的,要去掉;不然把"awaiting"改为

"waiting for"也行。

许多人习惯上喜欢把介词加到及物动词后面,然后才带出宾语。最常见的是"emphasize/stress on/upon"和"discuss about",如:

⑧Singaporeans seem to have emphasized on material gains.

⑨In our education system, we stress upon examination results.

⑩World leaders spent a lot of time discussing about worsening economic problems.

显然的,这三句里的介词"on/upon"和"about"是多余的,不必要的。

下面是些类似的错误:

●The young must obey to their elders.

●Do not approach to that odd-looking man.

●The audience attacked on the rude speaker.

●Nothing can escape from his parents' eyes.

●Do you hope to serve for your nation?

●When did Susan marry with Paul?

介词"to, on, from, for, with"都要去掉才对。

为什么会有这些错误呢?主因是分不清楚及物动词和不及物动词的性质。其次,就是对同一个动词及其名词的句型有些混淆。解决之道有二。第一,要把"及物动词+宾语"和"不

及物动词+介词+宾语"划分清楚,如:

I did not answer him./ I did not reply to him.

He reached Londan yesterday./ He arrived in London yesterday.

第二,把及物动词转化为名词,然后加上适当的介词和宾语,如:

Don't approach such a person.

Is oral practice a good approach to language teaching

(完整)初中英语动词分类讲解及练习(有答案)

动词概述 一、实义动词 ■①及物动词与不及物动词 根据后面是否带宾语,行为动词又可分为及物动词和不及物动词,及物动词。Vt. vi . They study hard. I know them well. 注:有的动词既可作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。如: She sings very well. She sang an English song just now. 英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,____不变。试比较: Shall I begin at once? She began working as a librarian after she left school. When did they leave Chicago?They left last week. 短语: ■②动态动词和静态动词 动态动词表示动作,如give, take, work, run等;静态动词表示感觉、情感、内心世界、相互关系等,如know, exist, be, have, appear, prove, concern, hate, dislike, like, love, surprise, include, depend on, belong to, guess, suppose,imagine, believe, doubt, admire, envy等。 ■③延续性动词和非延续性动词 根据动作是否延续,行为动词又分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。如rain, live, work, learn等是延续性动词,go, come, leave, start, arrive, join, finish, end等是非延续性动词。 注:非延续性动词在肯定句中通常不与表示时间段连用的for短语连用。如:[译]他离开这里三天了。 [误]He has left here for three days. [正]He has been away from here for three days. [正]He left here three days ago. [正]It’s three days since he left. ■④限定动词与非限定动词

英语动词分类讲解及练习(有答案)

一.动词概述 注:英语行为动词也可以分为及物动词和不及物动词。及物动词是必须带宾语的动词。可以分为两类:(1)及物动词+宾语(2)及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 My mother bought me a gift. (可以接双宾语的词有:give, teach, buy, l end, find, hand, l eave, sell, show, read, pay, make, offer, buil d, pass, bring, cook等 不及物动词不需要跟宾语,本身意义完整。有些不及物动词加上介词后变成及物性短语动词,后跟宾语。She did not reply to my l etter。 英语中接双宾语的动词 award sb. sth. = award sth. to sb. 颁奖给某人 bring sb. sth. = bring sth. to sb. 把某物带给某人 hand sb. sth. =hand sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人 lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人 mail sb. sth. = mail sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人 offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 将某物给某人 owe sb. sth. = owe sth. to sb. 欠某人某物 pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人 pay sb. sth. = pay sth. to sb. 付给某人某物(钱) post sb. sth. = post sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人 read sb. sth. = read sth. to sb. 把某物读给某人听 return sb.sth. = return sth. to sb. 把某物还给某人 send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. 把某物送给某人 sell sb. sth. = sell sth. to sb. 把某物卖给某人 serve sb. sth. = serve sth. to sb. 拿某物招待某人 show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 拿某物给某人看 take sb. sth. = take sth. to sb. 把某物拿给某人 teach sb. sth. = teach sth. to sb. 教某人某物 tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb. 告诉某人某情况 throw sb. sth. = throw sth. to sb. 把某物扔给某人 write sb. sth. = write sth. to sb. 给某人写信 2、双宾语易位时需借助介词for的常用动词 book sb. sth. = book sth. for sb. 为某人预定某物 buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物 choose sb. sth. = choose sth. for sb. 为某人选某物 cook sb. sth. = cook sth. for sb. 为某人煮某物

(英语)初中英语试卷英语短语动词题分类汇编及解析

(英语)初中英语试卷英语短语动词题分类汇编及解析 一、短语动词 1.– Jenny, the teacher will ________ your mobile phone if you use it in class. – Sorry, I won't do that again. A. take out B. take away C. take off 【答案】B 【解析】【分析】A. take out取出,去掉,出发,B. take away带走,拿走,取走,C. take off起飞,脱下,离开。句意:Jenny,如果你在教室使用手机,老师将会把它拿走。故选B。 【点评】考查动词短语的用法。 2.—Alice, don't put your things here, ___________. —OK, I will. A. put away them B. put on them C. put them away D. put them on 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意:一爱丽丝,不要把你的东西放在这儿,把它们放好。一好的,我会的。put away放好,抛弃,储存。 put on穿上,上演,增加;两个词组在运用时,当宾语是代词时都放在词组中间。因为第一句things是复数,所以用代词them 来代替。由句意可知选C。 3.Nowadays more and more people ________ food safety. A. pay attention to B. look after C. take it easy D. look out 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意:现在,越来越多的人注意食品安全。pay attention to注意;look after照顾;take it easy别着急;look out当心。故选A。 【点评】考查动词短语辨析。 4. I would rather _____ hiking than _____ swimming. A. to go , to go B. going, going C. go ,go D. go, going 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】句意:我宁愿去徒步旅行也不愿去游泳。本句中考查的句型是would rather do sth. than do sth.,宁愿做……也不愿做……,两部分中都用动词的原形。故选C。【点评】考查动词。

动词的形式和分类

动词学案 Class:Name: ◆Teaching Aims: ★To learn the classifications of the verbs. ★To master their usage through cooperation and exploration. ◆Teaching Procedures: 一、动词的分类 1. 实义动词 实义动词时能独立作谓语的动词。根据动词在句子中是否可以接宾语,可以把实义动词分为 __________动词和_________动词两种类型。按其持续性可分为_____________动词和___________动词。(1)及物动词 及物动词本身意义不完整,需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。 ①动词+宾语 My brother is ________ ______ ________(fly)on the playground. ②动词+宾语+宾补 The teacher made his students___________(happiness) by doing some games. 翻译:We call English teacher Zhang Sir. ____________________________________________________ 注意:带省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的动词有:make, let, see, watch, notice, hear等。 ③动词+双宾语 My mother gives me a new bike. 注意:有些间接宾语(人)放在直接宾语(事物)之后时,间接宾语前要加to。常用的此类词有bring、give、hand、pass、pay、post、return、sell、show、teach、tell、throw、lend等。 Hand me that book, please. = Hand____________________________________. 有些间接宾语(人)放在直接宾语(事物)之后时,间接宾语前要加for。常用的此类词有buy、choose、cook、draw、book、find、get、make、order等。 My mom bought me a nice backpack. = My mom________________________________________. (2)不及物动词 不及物动词一般不可以接宾语,但是有些不及物动词与一些介词、副词等词搭配在一起构成短语动词,它的作用等于一个及物动词。请在横线上加上适当的介词! ①We arrived______ the station at five. ②He turned _______ the light when he left. ③He takes pride_______ doing a job well. 注意:有些动词既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。常用的此类动词有turn、open、close、start、change、drive、play、meet、win、study等。 The girl turned her head and smiled. 这个女孩子转过头笑一笑。

英语动词分类大全

英语动词分类大全(附练习) 十大词类2010-11-01 08:23:01 阅读1174 评论6 字号:大中小订阅 一、什么是动词 动词是用来表示主语做什么(即行为动词),或表示主语是什么或怎么 样(即状态动词)的词,例如: The boy runs fast.(这个男孩跑得快。)runs表示主语的行为 He is a boy.(他是个男孩。)is与后面的表语a boy表示主语的状态 二、动词的分类 动词可以按照含义及它们在句中的作用分成四类,即行为动词(也称实义动词)、连系动词、助动词和情态动词。 (一)行为动词 行为动词(实义动词)是表示行为、动作或状态的词。它的词义完整, 可以单独作谓语。例如: I live in Beijing with my mother.(我和我妈妈住在北京。)live,住 It has a round face.(它有一张圆脸。)has,有 (二)连系动词 连系动词是表示主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的词,它虽有词义,但不完整,所以不能单独作谓语,必须跟表语一起构成合成谓语,例如: We are in Grade Two this year.(今年我们在两年级。)are,是are 这个词的词义“是”在句子中常常不译出。 连系动词可具体分为三类:

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