英语语法反意疑问句

反意疑问句

指附加在陈述句后的简单问句，征询肯定或否定的意见，或者希望陈述所说的得到证实。陈述部分含有特殊的主语：其反意疑问部分要根据具体情况而定。

附加问句的主语和陈述部分的主语在数和人称上保持一致的几种情况：

陈述部分的主语附加问句部分的主语例句

不定代词One（指人）one/he One can’t be too careful, can one/he?

我们必须十分小心，是不是？

指示代词

this, that, these, those It

They

This isn’t fast train, is it?

Those are yours, aren’t they?

Everything, anything,

something, nothing

it Nothing happened to him, did it? 不定代词

Everyone, everybody, Someone, somebody, No one,, nobody, Anyone, anybody He/they(常见) Nobody likes to be laughed at, does he?

Nobody likes to be laughed at, do they?

不定式，动名词，其他短语it Learning English well will take us a lot of time,

does n’t ii?

There be 句型Be/情态动词/助动词

+there There will be rain tomorrow, won’t there? There should be no problem, should there?

陈述部分含有特殊动词

1.Must

意义陈述部分附加问句

禁止You mustn’t walk on the grass,

不允许走进草地，Must/may you?

必须、有

必要

We must have a discussion this evening, needn’t we?

一定、想必(表示猜测）首先将句子改为“I am sure/guess that”的从句，反意疑问部分的动词形式根据be sure/guess后的谓语动词形式确定。

You must be hungry now,___?

I guess that you are hungry now, aren’t you?

2.陈述部分含有情态动词ought to 的反意疑问句，其反意疑问部分用ought或should 均可。He ought to attended the meeting, ought n’t he?

He ought to attended the meeting, should n’t he?

She ought n’t to stay there, ought he?

She ought n’t to stay there, should he?

3.陈述部分含有情态动词used 的反意疑问句，其反意疑问部分用use(两种形式)或did均可。She used to be a teacher, used n’t she?(常见)

She used to be a teacher, use d’t she?

She used to be a teacher, did n’t she?

4.陈述部分含有情态动词had better的反意疑问句，其反意疑问部分用had或should均可。You had better do something, had n’t you?

You had better do something, should n’t you?

5.陈述部分含有情态动词have/had to的反意疑问句，其反意疑问部分用do的相应形式。The boy has to get up early, does n’t he?

They had to leave tomorrow, did n’t they?

6.陈述部分含有否定或半否定词（如：no, never, nothing, nowhere, rarely, hardly, seldom, few, little, scarcely等）的反意疑问句，其反意疑问部分用肯定形式。

He hardly goes to the party, does he?

He has few friends, has he?

7.陈述部分含有表示“否定”意义的前缀构成的词的反意疑问句，其反意疑问部分用否定形式He is unfit for the job, is n’t he?

He is unhappy, is n’t he?

He dislike playing basketball, does n’t he?

8.当陈述部分的谓语动词是表示愿望的“I/We wish”等时，反意疑问部分的谓语动词用may,前后两个部分均是肯定式。

I wish you all best in the future, may I?

We wish to visit you again soon, may we?

9.当陈述部分是“I am……的结构，疑问部分有3种形式：am I not(正式)，aren’t I (非正式)，ain’t i(非标准)。

I am your best friend, am I not?

I am your best friend, are n’t I?

I am your best friend, ain’t I?

陈述部分是祈使句

祈使句后的附加疑问句不表示反意，而表示一种语气。

1.肯定祈使句+will you/won’t you?

Close the door please, will you?

Close the door please, won’t you?

2.否定祈使句+will you/can you?

Don’t close the door, will you?

Don’t close the door, can you?

3.Let’s (合起来)……,shall we?

Let’s have a rest, shall we?

4.Let us ……,will you/won’ you?

Let us have a rest, will you/won’ you?

5.Let +第3人称……，will you?

并列句和复合句中的反意疑问句

1.陈述部分是个主从复合句，附加疑问句一般要和主句一致。

2.(1)当陈述部分带有宾语从句时，反意疑问部分的主语和助动词与主句保持一致。

(2)当陈述部分的谓语是think, believe, suppose, guess, imagine, expect等的宾语从句，且主句主语是第一称（即发生否定转移时）反意疑问部分的主语和时态与从句一致。当陈述部分的主句的主语是第二、三称（即发生否定转移时）反意疑问部分的主语和时态与主句一致。（不发生否定转移）

发生否定转移的两个条件：

谓语是think, believe, suppose, guess, imagine, expect等

主语是第一称

I don’t think he is right, is he? (发生否定转移)

They don’t think he is right, do they? (不发生否定转移)

3.陈述部分是一个并列句，附加问句与邻近问句一致。

Bob speaks English, but his wife speaks German, does she?

特殊的反意疑问句

有时主句的陈述部分的主语是I，当反意疑问部分用来征求对方的意见时，其主语常用you，这时附加问句部分等于另外一个句子，相当于what/how about you?或what do you think?

I find listening （听力）very hard to improve, don’t you?

I guess Jack will be coming very soon, do you?

回答反意疑问句要遵循的原则

不管主句是肯定还是否定，回答时只需要看所提到的事是否已经/会发生，如果会发生，用肯定回答，否则用否定回答。

如：当对方问你

You aren’t a teacher, are/you? 你不是老师，是不是？

或You are a teacher, aren’t you? 你是老师，是不是？

只要听清“you”和“teacher”两个单词即可，

如果是，则回答：Yes, I am.不，我是。

如果是，则回答：No, I’m not.不，我是。