化工专业英语翻译练习

the field of separation science,too,is of major importance to the chemical,metallurgical and biochemical industries,and must play a leading role in the remediation of environmental problems.the microstructured solvents provided by colloidal systems provide an interesting opportunity to mediate the solute-solvent interactions,and thus to enhance separation selectivities.examples include the use of reversed micelles to solubilize polar solutes such as proteins and amino acids in organic solvent extractants,block copolymer micelles and amphiphilic star polymers for the removal of trace contaminants from surface and groundwaters,and two-phase aqueous polymer solutions or phase-separated micellar systems for the selective separation and concentration of biological species such as proteins and viruses.the opportunities offered by more exotic polymer and surfactant architectures offer many exciting challenges not only for separation processes,but also in drug delivery systems and in the controlled production of ultrafine particles.

分离科学领域也是化学，冶金和生化工业的重要内容，必须在环境问题的修复中发挥主导作用。胶体体系提供的微结构溶剂提供了介导溶质- 溶剂相互作用，从而提高分离选择性。实例包括在有机溶剂萃取剂，嵌段共聚物胶束和两亲性星形聚合物中溶解极性溶质如蛋白质和氨基酸，以从表面和地下水中除去痕量污染物，以及两相含水聚合物溶液或相- 分离的胶束系统用于生物物种如蛋白质和病毒的选择性分离和浓缩。更多外来聚合物和表面活性剂结构提供的机会提供了许多令人兴奋的挑战，不仅用于分离过程，而且在药物递送系统和受控生产中超细颗粒

the feasibility of separation of mixtures by distillation,absorption,or stripping depends on the fact that the compositions of vapor and liquid phases are different from each other at equilibrium.the vapor or gas phase is said to be richer in the more volatile or lighter or less soluble components of the mixture.distillation employs heat to generate vapors and cooling to effect partial or total condensation as needed.gas absorption employs a liquid of which the major components re essentially nonvlatile and which exerts a differential solvent effect on the components of gas.in a complete plant,gas absorption is followed by a stripping operation for regeneration and recycle of the absorbent and for recovering the preferentially absorbed substances.in reboiled absorbers,partial stripping of the lighter components is performed in the lower part of the equipment.in distillation,absorption,or rectification and stripping are performed in the same equipment.

通过蒸馏，吸收或汽提分离混合物的可行性取决于气相和液相的组成在平衡时彼此不同的事实。据说蒸气或气相在更易挥发或更轻或更轻的情况下更丰富，混合物的较少的可溶性组分蒸气采用热量产生蒸气并冷却以根据需要进行部分或全部冷凝。吸收采用其中主要组分基本上不挥发并且对气体组分施加不同溶剂影响的液体。在完整的设备中，气体吸收之后是用于吸收剂的再生和再循环的剥离操作，并用于回收优先吸收的物质。在再沸器中，较轻组分的部分汽提在设备的下部进行，在蒸馏，吸收或精馏和剥离在相同的设备中进行。

like liquids,supercritical fluids can behave as solvents,dissolving a wide range of substances.this ability forms the basis of a system for separating the components of mixtures,a process know as supercritical fluid extraction.the solvent power of a supercritical fluid increases as its density increases.conversely,lowering its density(either by decreasing pressure or increasing temperature) causes the supercritical fluid and the dissolved material to separate.with skillful manipulation of temperature and pressure,it is possible to separate the components of very complicated mixtures.

像液体一样，超临界流体可以作为溶剂，溶解大量的物质，这是形成分离混合物组分的系统

的基础，这个过程被称为超临界流体萃取。超临界流体的溶剂能力随着它的增加而增加密度增加。相反，降低其密度（通过降低压力或增加温度）会导致超临界流体和溶解的材料分离。通过熟练地操纵温度和压力，可以分离非常复杂的混合物的组分。

加强官员自身的修养，提高他们的法律和道德素质