英语国际音标的讲解及练习

英语国际音标的讲解及练习

Lesson 1

⑴前元音：[i:] [i] [e] [?]

前元音发音要领：舌尖抵下齿，舌前部向硬颚抬起，双唇不要收圆。

[i:]①舌尖抵下齿，舌前部尽量向硬颚抬起。②嘴唇向两旁伸开，成扁平形。

注意：[i:]是长元音，发长元音时要比发短元音长两倍以上。

She tea easy teach sleep agree three weeks, green tea, team leaders

Seeing is believing. Jean is as busy as a bee.

[i]①舌尖抵下齿，舌前部向硬颚抬起，比[i:]低,比[e]高。②唇形扁平，牙床开

得比[i:]宽，比[e]窄。③可从发[i:]出发，将小指尖放在上下齿之间，舌前

部也随之稍稍下降，即可发出[i]。

It this pig city coffee begin a big ship, bit by bit, little by litte

A little learning is a dangerous thing.

His six-year old sister is as fit as a fiddle.

[e]①舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍抬起，比[i:]低。②唇形中常，牙床开得比[i:]宽，

上下齿间可容纳一个食指。

Egg else dress best again energy seven beds, ten desks, the next lessen

Let’s get ready for the test.

All’s well that ends well.

[?]①舌尖抵下齿。②双唇向两旁平伸，成扁平形，两齿间可以容纳食指和中指。

And as bag lamp catch happen a happy man, a happy family, hand in hand, caps and cats

Harry has a happy family in Canada.

The rat is running on a narrow track.

⑵爆破辅音：[p] [b] [t] [d] [k] [g]

爆破音发音要领：[p] [t] [k]是清辅音，发音时声带不振动，送气要强。

[b] [d] [g]是浊辅音，发音时声带必须振动，送气要强。

[p] [b]双唇紧闭，然后突然分开，气流冲出口腔。

[t] [d]舌尖紧贴上齿龈，形成阻碍，然后突然下降，气流冲出口腔。

[k] [g]舌后部隆起，紧贴软颚，形成阻碍，然后突然离开，气流冲出口腔。

⑶发音练习： b[bi:] d[di:] e[i:]

Lesson 2

⑴后元音：[ɑ:] [?] [?:] [u] [u:]

后元音发音要领：①舌尖不触下齿，舌身后缩，舌后部向软颚抬起，除[ɑ:]外，双唇要收圆。

②发[ɑ:][?:][u:]时要注意长度，不要发得太短。

[ɑ:]舌尖不触下齿，口张大，舌身平放后缩。

Art army star father garden tomato a large car, half a jar, after the bath

I like to pass through the garden park.

Far from eye, far from heart.

[?]①舌尖不触下齿，口张大，舌身尽量降低并后缩。②双唇稍稍收圆。③可先发[ɑ:]，然后将舌身再稍稍向后缩，双唇稍稍收圆（不要突出）即可发出[?]。

On off hot want doctor foreign cotton socks, borrow a clock, a pocket watch

The coffee is top quality.

When the shop was robbed, everybody was shocked.

[?:]①舌后部比发[?]时抬得略高。②双唇也收得更圆更小，并须用力向前突出。

Always or law before caused daughter all in all, more and more, a short story

Paul’s four and can walk and talk.

The storm draws near---we ought to go indoors.

[u]①舌尖不触下齿,舌后部向软颚抬起,舌身后缩。②双唇收圆，稍向前突出。

Full look wood foot woman sugar push and pull, good books, by hook or by crook

The cook cooks good food.

The woman stood for as long as she could.

[u:]双唇比发[u]时收得更圆更小，向前突出，舌后部比发[u]时抬得更高。

To who lose group music fruit a blue balloon, an afternoon in June, huge rooms The news is too good to be true.

That rule is useful once in a blue moon.

⑵摩擦辅音：[f] [v] [s] [z] [?] [?] [?] [e]

摩擦音发音要领：

[f] [s] [?] [?]是清辅音，发音时声带不振动。

[v] [z] [?] [e]是浊辅音，发音时声带必须振动。

发摩擦音时必须注意：①软颚抬起，堵住到鼻腔的通道，但口腔通道不完全阻塞，留有窄小空隙，气流从中泄出时摩擦或振动成音。②摩擦音可以

延长而发音器官位置不变。

[f] [v]下唇轻触上齿，气流由唇齿间的缝隙中通过，摩擦成音。

[s] [z]舌端及舌尖靠近上齿龈，但不接触，上下齿靠拢，但不要咬住，气流由舌端与上齿龈之间逸出，摩擦成音。

[?] [?]舌尖和舌端抬向上齿龈较后部分，舌身两侧紧贴上颚，中央形成一条狭长的

通道，上下齿靠拢或靠近，但不要咬住，气流由舌端与上齿龈较后部分之

间逸出，摩擦成音。

[?] [e]舌尖轻触上齿背，气流由舌齿间的窄小缝隙逸出，摩擦成音。

⑶发音练习：c[si:] f[ef]

good[gud] too[tu:] this[eis] is[is]

these [ei:z] cat[k?t] dog[d?g] it[it]

Lesson 3

⑴中元音：[?] [?:] [?]

中元音发音要领：舌尖抵住下齿，但不如发前元音时抵得那样紧。舌身的中部

隆起，扁唇（双唇不要收圆）。

[?:]①舌身平放，舌中部稍抬起。②牙床开得较窗窄，双唇和发[i:]时相似。

③注意长度，不要发得太短。

Her girl first turn work prefer a dirty shirt, the third world, the worst person

The German girl prefers a purple shirt to a blue one.

The early bird catches the worm.

[?]①舌中部抬起。②牙床半开半合，唇形扁或中常。③这个音和汉语普通话轻声

的“么（me）”及“了(le)”中的短促元音“e”相似，但英语的[?]在词末时

发音比普通话的“e”长。

About polite forget river woman potato bread and butter, salt and pepper, again and again

The teachers will get together tomorrow.

Do you prefer the cinema or theatre?

[?]①舌中部稍抬起。②开口程度和[?]相似，唇形扁。

③从元音[?]出发，将圆唇改为扁唇，即可发出[?]。

Up under cut does young enough much money, lucky in love, just for fun

Well begun is half done.

Mother told the funny story just for fun.

⑵破擦音：[tr] [dr] [?] [?] [?] [?]

破擦音发音要领：

[tr] [?] [?]是清辅音，发音时声带不振动。

[dr] [?] [?]是浊辅音，发音时声带必须振动。

破擦音是爆破音和摩擦音的结合，发破擦音时必须注意：①憋住气流的发音器官（舌尖和上齿龈）分开得比较缓慢，而且立即跟着发一个发音部位

相似的摩擦音。②发破擦音时，先形成阻碍，在解除阻碍的同时舌尖向

摩擦音的部位滑动，发出摩擦音。但这两步动作是紧密相连的，由一次

送气来完成，不可发出两个独立的音。

[?] [?]软颚抬起，舌身形成发[?]音的姿势，但舌尖和舌端抵住上齿龈，形成阻碍。

气流冲破这个阻碍后，舌和齿龈间仍保持一个狭小的缝隙，发出摩擦的声音。

[tr] [dr]软颚抬起，舌身作发[r]音的姿势，但舌尖抵上齿龈后部，以形成阻碍。

气流冲破这个阻碍发出短促的[t]后立即发[r]。

[?] [?]舌端贴住上齿龈，堵住气流，然后略为下降，气流随之泄出口腔。

⑶发音练习：g[?i:] p[pi:] r[ɑ:] s[es] t[ti:]

she[?i:] sister[?sist?]

Lesson 4

⑴合口双元音：[ei] [ai] [?i] [?u] [au]

双元音发音要领：①由两个元音组成，发音时由第一个向第二个元音的部位滑动，但不完全到达第二个元音的部位。发音过程中唇形、舌位及牙床

开合程度均有相应的变化。

②前重后轻，第一个元音响亮清晰。第二个元音轻弱模糊。

③前长后短，第一个元音较长。第二个元音较短促。

[ei]①由[e]向[i]滑动,但不到[i]的部位就停止发音。②发音过程中下颚和下唇向上移动，舌位也随之抬高。

Age play rain take labour today May Day, great change, the name of the game

No pains, no gains.

Great changes have taken place in only one day.

[ai]①[a]是个前元音(不是后元音[ɑ:])，和汉语普通话“a”音相似，发音时舌

尖抵住下齿，舌位很低，舌前隆起。用扁唇或中常唇形，牙床开合度宽。②从

[a]向[i]滑动，不到[i]的部位就停止发音。

Eye why night bike July a nice sight, quite right, high in the sky

Time and tide wait for no man.

A stitch in time saves nine.

[?i]①开始部分舌位在[?]和[?:]之间。②由上述部位向[i]滑动，由圆唇变成扁唇，舌前部随之稍稍抬起。

Oil boil toy coin choice destroy make an appointment, toilet paper, a noisy boy

She made her point in a joyful voice.

The boy was annoyed when his toy was destroyed.

[?u]由[?]向[u]滑动, 双唇由扁到略为收圆，但不到[u]的部位就停止发音。

No slow toes road both overcoat I don’t know. Close the window. It’s so cold.

The old man lives alone, but he doesn’t feel lonely.

A rolling stone gathers no moss.

[au]①开始部分和[ai]中的[a]相同，①由[a]向[u]滑动时把双唇逐渐收圆，舌后部随之稍稍抬起。②防止一开始就把双唇收圆，把[au]变成[?u]。

Bow mouse shout county around out of town, a brown cow, a thousand houses

How about going down south?

She found out how to pronounce the sound.

⑵鼻（辅）音：[m] [n] [?]

鼻音发音要领：

①软颚下垂，口腔通道完全堵塞，气流从鼻腔逸出。

②三个鼻辅音[m] [n][?]都是浊辅音，发音时声带必须振动。

③鼻辅音在词末时，发音略为延长。

[m]双唇紧闭，舌身平放，软颚下垂，气流从鼻腔逸出。

[n]舌尖紧贴上齿龈，形成阻碍，双唇不闭，软颚下垂，气流从鼻腔逸出。

[?]舌尖和发[k]/[g]时相同，但软颚下垂，堵住口腔通道，气流从鼻腔逸出。

⑶发音练习：a[ei] h[ei?] i[ai] j[?ei] k[kei] m[em]

n[en] o[?u] v[vi:] x[eks] z[zed]

Lesson 5

⑴集中双元音：

双元音发音要领：①由两个元音组成，发音时由第一个向第二个元音的部位滑动，但不完全到达第二个元音的部位。发音过程中唇形、舌位及牙床

开合程度均有相应的变化。

②前重后轻，第一个元音响亮清晰。第二个元音轻弱模糊。

③前长后短，第一个元音较长。第二个元音较短促。

[i?]①发[i]时注意用扁唇，嘴不要张得太开，以免发成[e]或[?]。

②舌身稍向后缩，从[i]很快滑向[?]。

Ear here real fierce nearly idea cheerful tears, from ear to ear,

mysterious ideas

I fear we can’t hear him clearly.

You are serious but sincere, my dear.

[??]①[?]是个前元音，发音时舌尖触下齿，舌位半开，舌前隆起。牙床较宽，在

[e]与[?]之间。②舌身稍向后缩，由从[?]很快滑向[?]

Air care therefore various repair prepare wear and tear, share a pear, a careless bear

Where there’s a will, there’s a way.

He rarely stares at the mayor, because he’s scared.

[u?]①[u]不要发成[u:]。②舌身稍向前移，由从[u]很快滑向[?]

Sure poor tour Europe curious endure fewer and fewer, the

curious tourist

Surely the poor patient will be cured.

The European tourist felt insecure.

⑵摩擦音[h] [r] [j] [w]及舌侧音 [l]

摩擦音发音要领：

[h]是清辅音，发音时声带不振动。

[r] [j] [w]是浊辅音，发音时声带必须振动。

[h] 这个音也叫喉音。①发这个音时，发音器官呈发元音的姿势，声门张开，气流不

受阻碍，自由逸出口腔，声带不振动，只是在通过声门时形成轻微的摩擦；口型不定，随后面的元音而变化。②发音时舌后部和软颚间不产生摩擦，即不要发成汉语“赫”的声母。

[r]这个音也叫卷舌音。①舌尖向上齿龈后部抬起，舌前对硬颚呈凹形，舌身两侧

紧贴上颚。②双唇略突出，气流由舌面与硬颚间逸出，牙床开合程度大小均可。③软颚升起，声带振动。

[j]这个音也叫半元音。①舌身和双唇呈发[i]的姿势，舌前部向硬颚抬起，双唇向

两旁伸展成扁平形，声带振动。②发音急促短暂，一经发出，立刻向后面的元音滑动。

[w]这个音也叫半元音。①舌身和双唇呈发[u:]的姿势，舌后部向软颚抬起，声带

振动。②发音急促短暂，一经发出，立刻向后面的元音滑动。

舌侧音[l]发音要领：

[l] ①舌端紧抵上齿龈，气流从舌的一侧或两侧逸出。②[l]两种发音，即所谓清

晰[l]和含糊[l]。发清晰[l]时，舌前向硬颚抬起，舌尖抵上齿龈，舌身平直，气流从舌的一侧或两侧逸出。发含糊[l]时，舌尖抵上齿龈，舌面形成凹槽，舌后上抬，气流从舌的一侧或两侧逸出。

⑶发音练习：l[el] q[kju:] u[ju:] w[?d?blju:] y[wai]

英语国际音标

名称音标

元音单元音

[i:] [i] [?:] [?] [u:] [u] [?:] [?]

[ɑ:] [?] [e] [?]

双元音[ei] [ai] [?u] [au] [i?] [??] [?i] [u?]

辅音清辅音[p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [?] [?] [tr] [?] [?]浊辅音[b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [?] [e] [dr] [?] [?]鼻音[m] [n] [?]

摩擦音[h] [r] [j] [w]

舌侧音[l]

练习一

音标字母音标字母音标字母音标单词[si:][ei][?u][?i:]

[ef][ei?][vi:][?sist?]

[?i:][ai][eks][gud]

[ɑ:][?ei][zed][tu:]

[es][kei][el][eis]

[ti:][em][kju:][ei:z] [pi:][en][ju:][k?t]

[?d?blju:][wai][bi:][d?g]