留学生汉语教学大纲

留学生汉语教学大纲

南京医科大学国际教育学院

School of International Education Nanjing Medical University

2005年12月

汉语教学大纲（综合课）

The Syllabus for Chinese language (comprehensive lesson)

总则

General

通过一年的教学，帮助包括零基础的初级阶段学生掌握汉语普通话的语音，熟练使用汉语拼音，了解汉语的基本语法结构，掌握2500个以上的常用词和200个左右的语法点。听、说、读、写方面的综合能力达到进入中国高等院校理、工、农、西医类本科学习的最低汉语能力标准。

具体而言，在听的能力上能基本理解语速为每分钟120字左右、不含或者少含生词和新语法现象的内容，能在具体语境中听懂日常生活的基本谈话。在说的能力上能用汉语进行日常生活中基本的交际，能较准确地表述自己的意图。在叙述具体事情时，语句的错误率在30%以下。在读的能力上，借助工具书，阅读生词及新语法现象量在20%以内，字数在500以上的各类文章，阅读速度不低于每分钟100字。在写的能力上，初步了解汉字构造，能以正确笔顺写出学过的生词。能写出不低于300字，病句较少的短文。

The objective of this Chinese course is to help beginners grasp the pronunciation of Chinese, skillfully use Pinyin, understand the basic grammar and structure in Chinese, know more than 2,500 frequently used characters and roughly 200 grammar points. The students’overall ability in listening, speaking, reading and writing should reach the basic level of Chinese which enables them to pursue their study in China colleges whatever in natural science, engineering course, agriculture and medical science.

To go into detail, students should, by and large, be able to understand material spoken at a speed of about 120 characters per minute which doesn’t involve or hardly involves unfamiliar words and newly-arising grammars. They are expected to follow, in specific situations, everyday conversations in Chinese. As for speaking ability, students should be able to carry out basic communications in Chinese in daily life and to express themselves clearly. Their errors in talking should be kept under 30% of all. For reading ability, students should be able to, with the help of reference books, read Chinese text of more than 500 characters, the content of which involves less than 20% unfamiliar words and newly-arising grammars. Their reading speed should attain at least 100 characters per minute. For writing ability, students should be able to

understand the basic structure of Chinese characters, to write familiar characters in correct stroke order and to complete a short composition of no less than 300 characters with few mistakes.

第一课你好

Lesson 1 Hello

教学目标与要求

Objectives and Requirements

掌握所学的声母和韵母发音，会拼合，会读四声，掌握上声变调。能将“你好”运用于交际。

Grasp the articulation and combination of the initials and finals, can read the four tones of Chinese, grasp the modulation of the 3rd tone. Make communicative dialogues with “你好”

学时分配

Distribution of Teaching Hours

4学时

4 teaching hours

教学内容

Contents

1．声母：b p m f d t n l g k h发音及拼合

2. 韵母：a o e i u ü ai ei ao ou发音及拼合

3. 汉语的四个声调

4. 上声变调：两个第三声连读时第一个三声变成第二声

5. 课文

1. Initials: b p m f d t n l g k h, their articulation and combination

2. Finals: a o e i u ü ai ei ao ou, their articulation and combination

3. Tones of Chinese Putonghua

4. Modulation of the 3rd tone: when a 3rd tone is immediately followed by another 3rd one, the first one read as the 2nd tone

5. Text

第二课汉语不太难

Lesson 2 Chinese language is not too difficult

教学目标与要求

Objectives and Requirements

掌握所学的声母和韵母发音，会拼合，会读轻声。

Grasp the articulation and combination of the initials and finals, learn to articulate the neutral tone

学时分配

Distribution of Teaching Hours

4学时

4 teaching hours

教学内容

Contents

1. 韵母：an en ang eng ong发音及拼合

2. 轻声的概念：一定条件下又短又轻的声调，并非第五声

3. 轻声的词：爸爸妈妈哥哥弟弟妹妹

4. 半上声: 第三声音节后面跟第一、二、四声和轻声音节时，读半三声

5. 课文

1. Finals: an en ang eng ong, their articulation and combination

2. The neutral tone: Toneless and light-short pronounced syllables, it is not the 5th tone

3. The neutral tone words: 爸爸妈妈哥哥弟弟妹妹

4. The half 3rd tone: A 3rd-tone syllable is immediately followed by a 1st, 2nd, 4th or neutral tone syllable, only the first half of the tone is read

5. Text

第三课谢谢

Lesson 3 Thanks

教学目标与要求

Objectives and Requirements

掌握所学的声母和韵母发音，会拼合。能够运用课文对话表达感谢和告别。Grasp the articulation and combination of the initials and finals, make dialogues of appreciation and farewell with the sentence patterns from the text

学时分配

Distribution of Teaching Hours

4学时

4 teaching hours

教学内容

Contents

1. 声母：j q x发音及拼合

2. 韵母：i ia ie iao iou(iu) ian in iang ing iong发音及拼合

3. “不”的变调

4. 课文

5. 感谢和告别的交际训练

1. Initials: j q x, their articulation and combination

2. Finals: i ia ie iao iou(iu) ian in iang ing iong, their articulation and combination

3.Modulation of“不”: when“不”is immediately followed by another 4th-tone syllable, it is articulated as the 2nd tone

4. Text

5. Communication practice: Appreciation and farewell

第四课你去哪儿

Lesson 4 Where will you go?

教学目标与要求

Objectives and Requirements

掌握所学的声母和韵母发音，会拼合。能够运用课文对话询问日期。

Grasp the articulation and combination of the initials and finals, make dialogues of inquiring about the date with sentence patterns from the text

学时分配

Distribution of Teaching Hours

4学时

4 teaching hours

教学内容

Contents

1. 声母：z c s发音及拼合

2. 韵母：i er ua uo uai uei(ui) uan(un) uang ueng发音及拼合

3. 儿化：后缀“儿”与其前一音节的韵母结合成一个音节，使该韵母带上卷舌音色的特殊音变现象

4. 课文

5. 一周七天的名称（星期一至星期天）的交际训练

1. Initials: z c s, their articulation and combination

2. Finals: i er ua uo uai uei(ui) uan(un) uang ueng, their articulation and combination

3. Retroflex finals: “er” forms a retroflex syllable in combination with its previous finals

4. Text

5. Communication practice on the name of the seven days of a week

第五课这是什么书

Lesson 5 What’s this book?

教学目标与要求

Objectives and Requirements

掌握所学的声母和韵母发音，会拼合。会写要求的汉字。

Grasp the articulation and combination of the initials and finals, learn to write the words required

学时分配

Distribution of Teaching Hours

4学时

4 teaching hours

教学内容

Contents

1. 声母：zhi chi shi发音及拼合

2. 韵母：-i发音及拼合

3. 课文

4. 用“这是”进行陈述及提问的交际训练

1. Initials: zhi chi shi, their articulation and combination

2. Finals: -i, its articulation and combination

3. Text

4. Communication practice on using “这是”to ask question and to const ruct indicative sentence

第六课这是王老师

Lesson 6 This is teacher Wang

教学目标与要求

Objectives and Requirements

复习前五课的声韵母，运用课文对话进行介绍和接待

Review the Pinyin studied in previous five lessons, make dialogues of introduction and welcome with sentence patterns from the text

学时分配

Distribution of Teaching Hours

4学时

4 teaching hours

教学内容

Contents

1. 复习全部的汉语拼音

2. 综合复习前六课课文

3. 介绍、接待的交际训练

1. Review Pinyin

2. Review text from lesson 1 to lesson 6

3. Communication practice on introduction and welcome

第七课我学习汉语

Lesson 7 I study Chinese

教学目标与要求

Objectives and Requirements

掌握轻声词汇，进一步掌握上声变调，运用课文对话询问和回答姓名和国籍Grasp the neutral tone words, further study on the modulation of the 3rd tone, make dialogues of inquiring about name and nationality with sentence patterns from the text.

学时分配

Distribution of Teaching Hours

4学时

4 teaching hours

教学内容

Contents

1. 上声变调：两个第三声相连，第一个读成第二声

2. 轻声词汇

3. 课文

4. 个人姓名和国籍询问的交际训练

1. Modulation of the 3rd tone: two 3rd tones join together, the first one read as the 2nd tone

2. The neutral tone words

3. Text

4. Communication practice on name and nation inquiry

第八课你吃什么

Lesson 8: What do you want to eat?

教学目标与要求

Objectives and Requirements

掌握“一”的变调，了解量词“个”，运用课文对话进行点菜

Grasp the modulation of “一”, know the quantifier “个”, make dialogues of ordering food with sentence patterns from the text.

学时分配

Distribution of Teaching Hours

4学时

4 teaching hours

教学内容

Contents

1. “一”的变调，同时复习“不”的变调

2. 量词“个”

3. 课文

4. “你吃什么”点菜的交际训练

1. Modulation of “一”: If followed by the 1st ,2nd 0r 3rd tone, “一”is pronounced as the 4th tone; if is followed by a 4th tone, it will be read as the 2nd tone.

Review the modulation of “不”

2. Quantifier “个”

3. Text

4. Communication practice on ordering dishes

第九课苹果多少钱一斤

Lesson 9 How much are a Jin of apples?

教学目标与要求

Objectives and Requirements

掌握语气助词“了”，了解常见水果名称，运用课文对话进行购物

Grasp the modal particle “了”, know the names of familiar fruits, make dialogues of shopping with sentence patterns from the text

学时分配

Distribution of Teaching Hours

4学时

4 teaching hours

教学内容

Contents

1. 语气助词“了”

2. 课文

3. 人民币的名称、问价还价用语、常用水果名称

4. 购物的交际训练

1. Modal particle “了”

2. Text

3. Par value of RMB, bidding and dickering diction, name of familiar fruit

4. Communication practice on shopping

第十课我换人民币

Lesson 10 I change RMB

教学目标与要求

Objectives and Requirements

了解请求的表达，感谢及应答，运用课文对话学会换钱

Know how to make a request and express appreciation, make dialogues of exchanging money with sentence patterns from the text

学时分配

Distribution of Teaching Hours

4学时

4 teaching hours

教学内容

Contents

1. “不”的变调的复习；三个连续上声的读法：前两个读第二声，第三个不变

2. 请求的表达：“我换钱”、“请等一会儿”、“请数数”

3. “谢谢”、“不客气”

4. 课文

5. 银行换钱的交际训练

1. The exercise of the modulation of “不”

The pronunciation of three immediately followed 3rd tone: The first two should be changed into the 2nd tone and the last one remains unchanged

2. Request: “我换钱”(I change money), “请等一会儿”(please wait a moment), “请数数”(please count)

3. “谢谢”（thanks）, “不客气”（that all right）

4. Text

5. Communication practice on changing money in the bank

第十一课他住哪儿

Lesson 11 Where does he live?

教学目标与要求

Objectives and Requirements

掌握动词谓语句的语序和汉语号码的读法，运用课文对话询问地址、电话号码Grasp the word order of the sentence with a verb as its predicate, grasp the enumeration in Chinese, make dialogues of inquiry about address and telephone number with sentence patterns from the text

学时分配

Distribution of Teaching Hours

4学时

4 teaching hours

教学内容

Contents

1、汉语的语序：

主语+谓语；主语+谓语+宾语；主语+状语+谓语+宾语；主语+状语+谓语+定语+宾语

2. 动词谓语句：动词是谓语主要成分的句子

3. 汉语号码的读法：电话号码、门牌号码

4. 课文

5. 问住址、电话的交际训练

1. The word order of Chinese

Subject + Predicate

Subject + Predicate + Object

Subject + Adverbial + Predicate + Object

Subject + Adverbial + Predicate + Attribute + Object

2. The sentence with a verb as its predicate, in such sentence verb is the main element

3. Enumeration in Chinese: Telephone numbers, house numbers

5. Communication practice on how to inquire about address and telephone number

第十二课您身体好吗？

Lesson 12 How is your health?

教学目标与要求

Objectives and Requirements

掌握所学量词的搭配，运用课文对话表达问候

Grasp the collocation of the quantifier, make dialogues of exchanging greetings with sentence patterns from the text

学时分配

Distribution of Teaching Hours

4学时

4 teaching hours

教学内容

Contents

1. 问候的表达

2. 课文

3. 句子语序的复习

4. 问候的交际训练

1.How to exchange greetings

2.Text

3.Review the word order

https://www.360docs.net/doc/b43287821.html,munication practice on exchanging greetings

第十三课我们都是留学生

Lesson 13 We are all overseas students

教学目标与要求

Objectives and Requirements

掌握状语的位置，运用课文对话进行介绍

Grasp the adverbials and their place in the sentence，make dialogues of introduction with sentence patterns from the text

学时分配

Distribution of Teaching Hours

4学时

4 teaching hours

教学内容

1. 疑问句型（1）：陈述句+吗？

2. 状语、状语的位置

3. 副词“也”、“都”作状语

4. 课文

5. 介绍、道歉的交际训练

1.Interrogation (1): Indicative sentence + 吗？

2.The adverbials and their place in a sentence: The modifying element

before verbs and adjectives are called adverbials

3. The adverbs “也”(also), “都”(all/both) functioning as adverbials

4. Text

5. Communication practice on introduction and apology

第十四课你在哪儿学习

Lesson 14 Where do you study?

教学目标与要求

Objectives and Requirements

掌握介宾短语在句子中的位置，定语的位置，运用疑问代词提问

Grasp the place of the preposition-object phrase and the place of the attribute in a sentence, use interrogative pronouns to ask questions

学时分配

Distribution of Teaching Hours

4学时

4 teaching hours

教学内容

Contents

1. 疑问句型（2）:用疑问代词提问的特殊疑问句

这类句型用“谁”、“哪儿”、“怎么”、“多少”等疑问代词询问具体信息

2. 定语、定义的位置、定语的标志“的”

3. “在”、“给”，介宾短语作状语

4. 课文

5. 提问与回答的交际训练

1.Interrogation (2): Questions with interrogative pronouns

Such sentence uses“谁”( who),“哪儿” (where), “怎么”(how), “多少”(how many) to ask specific information

2.The attributes and their place in a sentence; the formal indicator of the attribute:

“的”

3.Prepositional phr ase headed with“在”, “给”functioning as an adverbial

4.Text

https://www.360docs.net/doc/b43287821.html,munication practice on inquiry and answer

第十五课这个箱子很重

Lesson 15 This box is very heavy

教学目标与要求

Objectives and Requirements

掌握形容词谓语句，了解“的”字短语的用法，运用“这是”、“那是”进行陈述Grasp the sentence with an adjectiv al predicate, grasp the function of the “的”-phrase, use“这是” and “那是” to construct indicative sentence

学时分配

Distribution of Teaching Hours

4学时

4 teaching hours

教学内容

Contents

1. 形容词谓语句

2. 疑问句型（3）：正反问

3. “的”字词组：“形容词+的”在句中起名词作用

4. 课文

5. 用“这是”、“那是”进行陈述的交际训练

1.The sentence with and adjectival predicate

2.Interrogation (3): The affirmative-negative question

A affirmative-negative question is one in which the affirmative and negative form of main element of the predicate are paralleled

3.“的”-phrase: “adjective + 的” function as a noun in a sentence

4.Text

https://www.360docs.net/doc/b43287821.html,munication practice on sentence started with“这是”,“那是”

第十六课你的车是新的还是旧的

Lesson 16 Is your bike new or old?

教学目标与要求

Objectives and Requirements

掌握用“呢”提问，运用“怎么样”表达问候

Grasp to ask questions with “呢”, make dialogues of greetings with “怎么样”

学时分配

Distribution of Teaching Hours

4学时

4 teaching hours

教学内容

Contents

1. 疑问句型（4）：选择问

2. 疑问句型（5）：省略问：使用语气助词“呢”

3. 主谓谓语句：主谓短语作谓语的句型

4. 课文

5. 问候的交际训练

6. 存车的交际训练

1.Interrogation (4): Alternative questions with “还是”(…or…)

If there are two or more possibilities about the answer, we use such alternative questions

2.Interrogation (5): Elliptical questions with “…呢?”

3.The sentence with a subject-predicate phrase as its predicate

4.Text

https://www.360docs.net/doc/b43287821.html,munication practice on exchanging greetings

https://www.360docs.net/doc/b43287821.html,munication pr actice on how to keep one’s bicycle

第十七课你们公司有多少职员

Lesson 17 How many employees are there in your company

教学目标与要求

Objectives and Requirements

掌握“几个”、“多少”的用法，运用课文对话介绍自己的家庭

Grasp the usage of “几个”，“多少”, make dialogues of introducing one’s family with sentence patterns from the text

学时分配

Distribution of Teaching Hours

4学时

4 teaching hours

教学内容

Contents

1. “有”字句：表示领有

肯定式：A+有+B

否定式：A+没有+B

2. “几个”、“多少”的用法

3. “二”和“两”的区别

4. 称数法

5. 课文

1.The “有”sentence: Such sentence can express possession

The affirmative form: A+有+B

The negative form: A+没有+B

2.The usage of “几个” and “多少”

3.The difference usage of “二” and “两”

4.Enumeration

5.Text

第十八课我的房间

Lesson 18 My room

教学目标与要求

Objectives and Requirements

运用课文对话介绍自己的房间

Make dialogues of introducing one’s room

学时分配

Distribution of Teaching Hours

4学时

4 teaching hours

教学内容

Contents

1. “是”字句、“有”字句、形容词谓语句

2. 疑问句型的交错练习

3. 课文

1.The “是” sentence and the “有” sentence; The sentence with an adjectival

predicate

2.Practice on interrogations

3.Text

第十九课你常去图书馆吗？

Lesson 19 Do you often go the library?

教学目标与要求

Objectives and Requirements

掌握时间状语，了解“还是”、“或者”的区别，运用课文对话介绍自己的日常活动

Grasp the temporal adverbials, know the difference between “还是” and “或者”, make dialogues of introducing one’s daily activities with sentence patterns from the text

学时分配

Distribution of Teaching Hours

4学时

4 teaching hours

教学内容

Contents

1. 时间状语

2. “还是”、“或者”：“还是”用于疑问句，“或者”用于陈述句；

“我们”、“咱们”；

“吧”的语气：请求或建议，同意和应答

“跟”引导的介宾短语

3. 课文

1.Temporal words as adverbials

2.“还是” and “或者”: “还是”is used in alternative questions while “或者”is used in

indicative sentences.

The difference between “我们”and“咱们”

The modal particle “吧”at the end of a sentence imply a suggestive, inquisitive or agreeing tone

The “跟+ object” structure: As a prepositional phrase, it is used as adverbials in sentence and means “with…”

3.Text

第二十课他在做什么呢？

Lesson 20 What is he doing?

教学目标与要求

Objectives and Requirements

掌握动作的正在进行，运用“怎么+动词”提问

Grasp the progression of an act which is signified by the adverb “在”、“正在”or “正”, use “怎么+verb” to ask questions

学时分配

Distribution of Teaching Hours

4学时

4 teaching hours

教学内容

Contents

1. 动作的正在进行：在、正在、正

2. “怎么+动词”提问

3. 双宾语句

4. 课文

1.The progression of an act is signified by the adverb “在”、“正在” or “正”

2.Inquiring about the manner of an act: “怎么+verb”

3.The double-object sentence: The first object is called the indirect object, the

second one is the direct object

4.Text

第二十一课我去邮局寄包裹

Lesson 21 I go to the post office to mail a package.

教学目标与要求

Objectives and Requirements

掌握连动句

Grasp the sentence with verb constructions in series.

学时分配

Distribution of Teaching Hours

4学时

4 teaching hours

教学内容

Contents

1. 连动句：“到……做……”，“用……做……”，表达目的和方式的两种基本类型

2. 课文

3. 表达目的和方式的交际性训练

1.The sentence with verb constructions in series:

Basic structures to indicate the purpose of an act and how something is done: “到……做……”，“用……做……”

2.Text

https://www.360docs.net/doc/b43287821.html,munication practice on how to express one’s purpose or way of doing things

第二十二课我看看皮大衣

Lesson 22 I want to have a look at the leather coat

教学目标与要求

Objectives and Requirements

了解动词的重叠，人民币的单位，运用课文对话购物

Grasp the reduplication of verbs and the monetary unit of RMB, make dialogues of shopping with sentence patterns from the text

学时分配

Distribution of Teaching Hours

4学时

4 teaching hours

教学内容

Contents

1. 动词的重叠：表达轻松的语气，说明动作短且时间短

2. “又……又……”的用法：表示同时存在的条件或状况

3. “一点儿”和“有点儿”的区别

4. “太……了”表示不满，极少数时候表示赞叹

5. 人民币的单位

6. 课文

7. 购物的交际训练

1.The reduplication of verbs is used to express the casual and relaxed tone of the

speaker which implys the shortness (of time) or slightness of an act.

2.the usage of “又……又……”: Denoting simultaneous existing two condition or

state

3.The diffe rence between “一点儿”and“有点儿”

4.The structure“太……了”to express dissatisfaction or, in few cases, compliment

5.The monetary unit of RMB

6.Text

https://www.360docs.net/doc/b43287821.html,munication practice on shopping

第二十三课你的生日是几月几号

Lesson 23 When is your birthday?

教学目标与要求

Objectives and Requirements

掌握名词谓语句，了解年月日的表达习惯，运用课文对话询问年龄

Grasp the sentence with a nominal predicate, know the usage of expressing the year, month and date, make dialogues of inquiring about one’s age with sentence patterns from the text

学时分配

Distribution of Teaching Hours

4学时

4 teaching hours

教学内容

Contents

1. 名词谓语句：没有判断词“是”，由名词直接作谓语，用以表达时间、价格、数量、籍贯、年龄等

2. 年月日的表达习惯

3. 疑问句型（6）：用疑问语气提问

4. 课文

5. 问年龄的交际训练

1.The sentence with a nominal predicate: subject(s)+ predicate(n)

“是”is not used before the predicate. Nouns function as the predicat e to express time, price, date, amount, weather, age, one’s native place

2.How to read the year, month and date

3.Interrogation (6): The interrogative tone

4.Text

https://www.360docs.net/doc/b43287821.html,munication practice on inquiring about one’s age

第二十四课我的学习生活

Lesson 24 My study life

教学目标与要求

Objectives and Requirements

运用课文对话介绍个人的学习生活

Make dialogues of introducing one’s study life with sentence patterns from the text

学时分配

Distribution of Teaching Hours

4学时

4 teaching hours

教学内容

Contents

1. 课文

2. 介绍个人学习生活的交际性训练

1.Text

https://www.360docs.net/doc/b43287821.html,munication practice on introducing one’s study life

第二十五课我们七点一刻出发

Lesson 25 We set out at seven fifteen

教学目标与要求

Objectives and Requirements

掌握汉语时刻的表达，运用课文对话介绍作息制度

Grasp the time indicators of Chinese, make dialogues of introducing one’s timetable with sentence patterns from the text

学时分配

Distribution of Teaching Hours

4学时

4 teaching hours

教学内容

Contents

1. 时点词：年、月、日、点、刻、分，排列顺序从大到小

2. 时点词在句中的充当的成分：主语、谓语、定语、状语，时间状语要放在地

点状语前面

3. 课文

4. 介绍作息制度的交际训练

1.Time indicators: “年”、“月”、“日”、“点”、“刻”、“分”(arranged in the same order)

2.The function of time indicators in a sentence: subject, predicate, attribute,

adverbial

The adverbial of time is placed before the adverbial of place

3.Text

https://www.360docs.net/doc/b43287821.html,munication practice on introducing one’s timetable

第二十六课我打算请老师教京剧

Lesson 26 I’m going to find a teacher to teac h me Beijing opera

教学目标与要求

Objectives and Requirements

掌握兼语句，运用课文对话表达兴趣

Grasp the pivotal sentence, make dialogues of expressing one’s interests and hobbies with sentence patterns from the text

学时分配

Distribution of Teaching Hours

4学时

4 teaching hours

教学内容

Contents

1. 使动用法和兼语句：动宾短语和主谓短语部分重合在一起，动宾短语的宾语兼作主谓短语的主语所构成的兼语短语作谓语的句子，兼语前的动词往往有使令意义。

2. 使令动词：请、叫、让、派、打算

3. “对……感兴趣”

4. 课文

5. 谈兴趣的交际训练

1.How to express “to ask someone to do something” and the pivotal sentence: the

predicate of a pivotal sentence is formed by two Verb + Object phrases. The object of the first verb is at the same time the subject of the second verb. The first verb in a pivotal sentence is often a causative verb.

2.Causative verb: 请(please), 叫(ask), 让(let), 派(order), 打算( plan)

3.“对……感兴趣”(be int erested in something)

4.Text

5. Communication practice on interests and hobbies

第二十七课学校里边有邮局