新托福听力分类词汇英英版——地质类

地质类

active /??kt?v/adj

【VOLCANO】an active volcano is likely to explode at any time

The volcano became active last year with a series of eruptions.

volcano/v?l?ke?n?u US vɑ?l?ke?nou/n[C]plural volcanoes or volcanos

a mountain with a large hole at the top, through which lava (= very hot liquid rock) is sometimes forced out

Pompeii was destroyed when the volcano erupted in 79AD.

active volcano (= one that may explode at any time)

dormant volcano (= one that is not active at the moment)

extinct volcano (= one that is no longer active at all)

aluminum/??lum?n?m/n[U]

a light metallic element which is silver in color and used especially for making cooking equipment and aircraft parts

an aluminum saucepan

Cover the fish with aluminum foil and cook over a low heat for 4 to 5 minutes.

We take all our aluminum cans for recycling.

bonanza/b??n?nz?, b?u- US b?-, bou-/n[C]

a lucky or successful situation where people can make a lot of money

2002 will be a bonanza year for the computer industry.

an amazing cash bonanza

an exceptionally large and rich mineral deposit (as of an ore, precious metal, or petroleum)

borehole/?b??h?ul US ?b??rhoul/n[C]

a deep hole made using special equipment, especially in order to get water or oil out of the ground cataclysm/?k?t?kl?z?m/n[C]

literary a violent or sudden event or change, such as a serious flood or earthquake

>cataclysmic/?k?t??kl?zm?k/adj[usually before noun]

continental crust

crater/?kre?t? US -?r/n[C]

a round hole in the ground made by something that has fallen on it or by an explosion

craters on the moon's surface

the round open top of a volcano

diamond/?da??m?nd/n

[U and C] a clear, very hard valuable stone, used in jewellery and in industry

a diamond engagement ring

[C] a shape with four straight but sloping sides of equal length, with one point facing directly up and the other directly down

Cut the cookie dough into diamonds.

emerald/?em?r?ld/n

[C] a valuable bright green stone that is often used in jewellery

[U] a bright green color

>emerald adj

erupt/??r?pt/v[I]

if fighting, violence, noise etc erupts, it starts suddenly = break out

Violence erupted after police shot a student during the demonstration.

A political row erupted over the MP's comments.

if a volcano erupts, it explodes and sends smoke, fire, and rock into the sky

if a place or situation erupts, there is a sudden increase in activity or emotion

erupt into

They were angry to the point of erupting into riot.

Their conversations often erupted into minor squabbles.

erupt into laughter/shouting etc to suddenly start laughing, shouting etc

He erupted into loud, desperate sobs.

if spots erupt on your body, they suddenly appear on your skin

>eruption/??r?p??n/n[U and C]

a volcanic eruption

the eruption of violence

gem/d?em/n[C]

also gem stone a beautiful stone that has been cut into a special shape = jewel

precious gems

something that is very special or beautiful

Every single ad in the campaign has been a gem.

The Fortune is a tiny gem of a theatre.

gem of

little gems of advice

a very helpful or special person

Ben, you're a real gem!

jewel/?d?u??l/n[C]

a valuable stone, such as a diamond = gem

jewels [plural] jewellery or other objects made with valuable stones and used for decoration

She loved dressing up and wearing priceless jewels.

a very small stone used in the machinery of a watch

something or someone that is very valuable, attractive, or important

He introduced her to Budapest, a jewel of a city.

the jewel in the crown the best or most valuable part of something

Puddings are the jewel in the crown of British cookery.

→crown jewel

crown jewel n[C]

the crown jewels the crown, sword, jewels etc worn by a king or queen for official ceremonies

the best or most valuable thing that a person or place has

Innsbruck's crown jewel is the old town centre.

geology/d?i??l?d?i US -?ɑ?l?-/n[U]

the study of the rocks, soil etc that make up the Earth, and of the way they have changed since the Earth was formed

>geologist n[C]

>geological/?d?i???l?d??k?l US -?lɑ?-/adj

geological periods

>geologically/-kli/adv

geologic survey

geomagnetism n

the magnetism of the earth

the study of the earth's magnetism

glacial/?gle???l/adj

relating to ice and glaciers, or formed by glaciers

a glacial valley

glacial deposits

a glacial look or expression is extremely unfriendly = icy

extremely slow

Change was coming, but at a glacial pace.

extremely cold = icy

a glacial wind

>glacially adv

icy/?a?si/adj

extremely cold = frosty

an icy wind

The bath water was icy cold.

covered in ice

an icy mountain road

an icy remark, look etc shows that you feel annoyed with or unfriendly towards someone

an icy stare

→icily

>iciness n[U]

icily/?a?s?li/adv

if you say something icily, or look at someone icily, you do it in an angry or very unfriendly way 'I want you to leave now,' she said icily.

frosty/?fr?sti US ?fr??sti/adj

a) extremely cold

a beautiful frosty morning

frosty air

b) covered with frost

the frosty ground

unfriendly = icy

frosty stare/look/tone

He gave me a frosty stare.

the frosty silence that followed her announcement

My words got a frosty reception.

>frostily adv

glacial epoch

glacier/?gl?si? US ?gle???r/n[C]

a large mass of ice which moves slowly down a mountain valley

granite/?gr?n?t/n[U]

a very hard grey rock, often used in building

iceberg/?a?sb??g US -b??rg/n[C]

a very large mass of ice floating in the sea, most of which is under the surface of the water

→ the tip of the iceberg

the tip of the iceberg

a small sign of a problem that is much larger

The reported cases of food poisoning are only the tip of the iceberg.

inner/??n? US -?r/adj[only before noun]

on the inside or close to the centre of something ≠ outer

an inner room

inner London

the inner ear

inner thoughts or feelings are ones that you feel strongly but do not always show to other people

Yoga gives me a sense of inner calm.

She'll need great inner strength to get over the tragedy.

She never shared her inner thoughts with anyone.

relating to things which happen or exist but are not easy to see

I'll never understand the inner workings of the film industry.

The inner life of a political party must be fascinating.

inner circle the few people in an organization, political party etc who control it or share power with its leader members of the President's inner circle

sb's inner voice thoughts or feelings inside your head which seem to warn or advise you

My inner voice told me to be cautious.

inner core

iron/?a??n US ?a??rn/n[U]

【METAL】a common hard metal that is used to make steel, is magnetic, and is found in very small quantities in food and blood. It is a chemical element : symbol Fe

the iron and steel industry

a driveway with large iron gates

iron ore (=rock that contains iron)

the absorption of iron from food

Jurassic

adj of or belonging to the geologic time, rock series, or sedimentary deposits of the second period of the Mesozoic Era, in which dinosaurs continued to be the dominant land fauna and the earliest birds appeared

n the Jurassic Period or its system of deposits

knot/n?t US nɑ?t/n[C]

【STRING/ROPE ETC】

a) a part where one or more pieces of string, rope, cloth etc have been tied or twisted together

Are you any good at tying knots ?

Thread the string through the hoop and tie it in a knot.

b) a part where hair, a thread etc has become accidentally twisted together

I can't get the knots out of my hair.

landlocked /?l?ndl?kt US -lɑ?kt/adj

a landlocked country, state etc is surrounded by other countries, states etc and has no coast

landlocked area

lava/?lɑ?v?/n[U]

hot liquid rock that flows from a volcano, or this rock when it has become solid

layer/?le?? US -?r/n[C]

an amount or piece of a material or substance that covers a surface or that is between two other things layer of

A thick layer of dust lay on the furniture.

The moon was shining through a thin layer of cloud.

He pulled off layer upon layer of clothing (=many layers of clothing) .

in layers

Arrange the peppers, garlic and tomatoes in layers.

→ozone layer

one of several different levels in a complicated organization, system, set of ideas etc

layer of

We are operating with fewer layers of management.

There are multiple layers of meaning in the story.

the multi-layered nature of organizations (=they have many layers)

ozone layer n[singular]

a layer of gases in the sky that prevents harmful radiation from the sun from reaching the Earth

the hole in the ozone layer

stratum/?strɑ?t?m US ?stre?-/n [C]plural strata/-t?/

a layer of rock or earth

a social class in a society

people of different social strata

lead/led/n

[U] a soft heavy grey metal that melts easily and is poisonous, used to cover roofs, or in the past, for water pipes. It is a chemical element : symbol Pb

[U and C] the central part of a pencil that makes the marks when you write

go down like a lead balloon informal

if a suggestion or joke goes down like a lead balloon, people do not like it at all

[U]AmE old-fashioned bullets

They filled him full of lead.

leads [plural]

a) sheets of lead used for covering a roof

b) narrow pieces of lead used for holding small pieces of glass together to form a window

limestone/?la?mst?un US -stoun/n[U]

a type of rock that contains calcium

calcium/?k?lsi?m/n[U]

a silver-white metal that helps to form teeth, bones, and chalk. It is a chemical element: symbol Ca lithosphere n

the outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle, approximately 100 km (62 mi.) thick

lodge/l?d? US lɑ?d?/ n[C]

a small house on the land of a large country house, usually at the main entrance gate

a room or small building at the entrance to a college, institution etc for someone whose jo

b is to watch who enters and leaves

the porter's lodge

reach/ri?t?/n

[singular,U] the distance that you can stretch out your arm to touch something

out of/beyond (sb's) reach

Keep chemicals out of the reach of children.

within reach (of sb)

Keep a glass of water within reach.

[singular,U]within (easy) reach of sth close to a place

The tourist attractions are within easy reach of the hotel.

the limit of someone's power or ability to do something

beyond the reach of sb

He lives in Paraguay, well beyond the reach of the British authorities.

reaches [plural]

a) the parts of a place that are furthest from the centre

the further/outer reaches of sth

the further reaches of the jungle

b) the straight part of a river between two bends

the upper reaches of the Nile

the higher/lower reaches of sth the high or low levels of an organization or system

They lingered in the lower reaches of the Football League.

lower reach

magma/?m?gm?/n[U]technical

hot melted rock below the surface of the Earth

magnitude/?m?gn?tju?d US -tu?d/n

[U] the great size or importance of something

magnitude of

They didn't seem to appreciate the magnitude of the problem.

of such/this/similar etc magnitude

We did not think the cuts would be of this magnitude.

an increase of this order of magnitude (= size)

[C]technical the degree of brightness of a star

[C]technical the force of an earthquake

mantle/?m?ntl/n

take on/assume/wear the mantle of sth formal to accept or have an important duty or job

It is up to Europe to take on the mantle of leadership in environmental issues.

a mantle of snow/darkness etc literary something such as snow or darkness that covers a surface or area

A mantle of snow lay on the trees.

[C] a loose piece of outer clothing without sleeves, worn especially in former times

[C] a cover that is put over the flame of a gas or oil lamp to make it shine more brightly

[singular]technical the part of the Earth around the central core

marble/?mɑ?b?l US ?mɑ?r-/n

[U] a type of hard rock that becomes smooth when it is polished, and is used for making buildings, statues etc

The columns were of white marble.

a marble statue

[C] a small colored glass ball that children roll along the ground as part of a game

marbles [U] a game played by children using marbles

lose your marbles informal to start behaving in a crazy way = go mad

[C] a statue or sculpture made of marble

metamorphic adj

also metamorphous of, relating to, or characterized by metamorphosis

geology changed in structure or composition as a result of metamorphism, used of rock.

metamorphic rock

metamorphosis/?met??m??f?s?s US -?m??r-/n[U and C]plural metamorphoses/-si?z/

formal a process in which something changes completely into something very different = transformation It took me some time to undergo the metamorphosis from teacher to lecturer.

the metamorphosis of China under Deng's economic reforms

a process in which a young insect, frog etc changes into another stage in its development

Beetles undergo a complete metamorphosis in their life cycle.

mineral/?m?n?r?l/n[C]

a substance that is formed naturally in the earth, such as coal, salt, stone, or gold. Minerals can be dug out of the ground and used

The area is very rich in minerals .

a country with few mineral resources

a natural substance such as iron that is present in some foods and is important for good health

Fish is a rich source of vitamins and minerals.

slope/sl?up US sloup/n

[C] a piece of ground or a surface that slopes

a steep slope

a gentle (=not steep) slope

She looked back up the grassy slope.

an area of steep ground covered with snow that people ski down

We got to Tahoe on Friday, and hit the slopes (=skied on them) the next day.

[singular] the angle at which something slopes in relation to a flat surface

a slope of 30 degrees

mountain slope

nickel/?n?k?l/n

[U]a hard silver-white metal that is often combined with other metals, for example to make steel. It is a chemical element: symbol Ni

[C] a coin in the US or Canada that is worth five cents

nitrogen /?na?tr?d??n/n[U]

a gas that has no color or smell, and that forms most of the Earth's air. It is a chemical element: symbol N northern hemisphere n Northern Hemisphere

the northern hemisphere

the half of the world that is north of the Equator

southern hemisphere n Southern Hemisphere

the southern hemisphere

the half of the world that is south of the Equator

ocean/??u??n US ?ou-/n

the ocean especially AmE the great mass of salt water that covers most of the Earth's surface = the sea She stood on the beach, gazing at the ocean.

I like to swim in the ocean when it's warm enough.

[C] one of the very large areas of sea on the Earth's surface

the Pacific Ocean

oceans of sth informal a lot of something, especially a liquid

oceans of champagne

→ a drop in the ocean

a drop in the ocean BrE a drop in the bucket AmE

a very small amount of something compared to what is needed or wanted

5000 new schools are to be built, but this is just a drop in the ocean for such a vast country.

ocean bottom

oceanic/??u?i??n?k US ?ou-/adj[usually before noun]

relating to the ocean

an oceanic island

oceanic waters

oceanic crust

orbit/???b?t US ???r-/n[C]

the curved path travelled by an object which is moving around another much larger object such as the Earth, the sun etc

orbit around

the Moon's orbit around the Earth

in/into orbit

The Space Shuttle is now in orbit.

The telecommunications satellite went into orbit at the end of last year.

formal the area of power and influence of a person, organization etc

within the orbit of sth

countries within the orbit of the British commonwealth

ore/?? US ??r/n[U and C]

rock or earth from which metal can be obtained

iron ore

veins of rich ore

outburst/?autb??st US -b??rst/n[C]

something you say suddenly that expresses a strong emotion, especially anger

He later apologized for his outburst.

emotional/violent/angry outburst

his father's violent outbursts of temper

outburst of

an outburst of anger

a sudden short increase in an activity

outburst of

an outburst of creative energy

outbursts of violence

petrified/?petr?fa?d/adj

extremely frightened, especially so frightened that you cannot move or think

petrified of

I'm petrified of spiders.

petrified with fright/fear

He was petrified with fear when he saw the gun.

petrified wood/trees etc wood, trees etc that have changed into stone over a long period of time

>petrify v[T]

pit /p?t/n[C]

【HOLE】

a) a hole in the ground, especially one made by digging

The female digs a pit in which to lay the eggs.

a five-foot deep pit

b) a large hole in the ground from which stones or minerals are obtained by digging

gravel/sand/chalk pit

【MINE】especially BrE a coal mine

Dad first went down the pit (=worked in a coal mine) when he was 15 years old.

a national strike against pit closures (=when a coal mine is closed permanently)

plate/ple?t/n

【EARTH'S SURFACE】[C]technical

one of the very large sheets of rock that form the surface of the Earth

platinum/?pl?t?n?m/n[U]

a silver-grey metal that does not change color or lose its brightness, and is used in making expensive jewellery and in industry. It is a chemical element: symbol Pt

a platinum ring

if a music recording goes platinum, at least a million copies of it have been sold

Eight of Denver's albums went platinum .

a platinum disc

quartz/kw??ts US kw??rts/n[U]

a hard mineral substance that is used in making electronic watches and clocks

quartz crystals

a quartz watch

quartzite n

a rock formed from the metamorphism of quartz sandstone

ravine/r??vi?n/n[C]

a deep narrow valley with steep sides = gorge

reclaim/r??kle?m/v[T]

to get back an amount of money that you have paid = claim back

You may be entitled to reclaim some tax.

to make an area of desert, wet land etc suitable for farming or building

Large areas of land will be reclaimed for a new airport.

to get back something that you have lost or that has been taken away from you

I want to reclaim the championship that I lost in 1999.

to obtain useful products from waste material → recycle

You can reclaim old boards and use them as shelves.

>reclamation/?rekl??me???n/n[U]

land reclamation

reef/ri?f/n[C]

a line of sharp rocks, often made of coral, or a raised area of sand near the surface of the sea

a proposal to protect several miles of thousand-year-old coral reef

relic/?rel?k/n[C]

an old object or custom that reminds people of the past or that has lived on from a past time

Roman relics found in a field

relic of

the books and photos, relics of Rob's university days

Everything in the house seemed old and untouched, like relics of an ancient time.

a part of the body or clothing of a holy person which is kept after their death because it is thought to be holy remains/r??me?nz/n[plural]

the parts of something that are left after the rest has been destroyed or has disappeared

remains of

On the table were the remains of the evening meal.

extensive Roman remains (=of ancient buildings) at Arles

the body of someone who has died

Her remains are buried in Westminster.

remnant/?remn?nt/n[C]

[usually plural] a small part of something that remains after the rest of it has been used, destroyed, or eaten remnant of

The remnants of a meal stood on the table.

a small piece of cloth left from a larger piece and sold cheaply

remove/r??mu?v/v[T]

【TAKE AWA Y】to take something away from, out of, or off the place where it is

Remove the old wallpaper and fill any holes in the walls.

remove sth from sth

Reference books may not be removed from the library.

【GET RID OF】to get rid of something so that it does not exist any longer

a cleaner that will remove wine stains

The college removed rules that prevented women from enrolling.

Richter scale/?r?kt??ske?l, ?r?x- US -t?r-/n

the Richter scale

a system of numbers used for measuring how powerful an earthquake is

a severe earthquake measuring 7.2 on the Richter scale

ridge/r?d?/n[C]

a long area of high land, especially at the top of a mountain

We made our way carefully along the ridge.

a) something long and thin that is raised above the things around it

A small ridge of sand separated the field from the beach.

The ridges on the soles give the shoes a better grip.

b) the part at the top of a roof, where the two sides meet

ridge of high pressure technical a long area of high air pressure in the atmosphere, which has an effect on the weather

rift/r?ft/n[C]

a situation in which two people or groups have had a serious disagreement and begun to dislike and not trust each other = split

rift between/with

Party officials have denied that there is any rift between ministers.

rift over

Today's announcement could lead to a further rift over public spending.

He set out to heal the rifts in the party.

a crack or narrow opening in a large mass of rock, cloud etc

split/spl?t/n[C]

【TEAR】a tear or crack in something made of cloth, wood etc

split in

a long split in the sleeve of his coat

【DISAGREEMENT】a serious disagreement that divides an organization or group of people into smaller groups = rift

split in/within

The argument could lead to a damaging split in the party.

a deep split within the government

split between

a split between the radicals and the moderates within the group

split over

The union is desperate to avoid a split over this issue.

riverbed/?r?v?r?bed / n[C]

the ground at the bottom of a river

ruby/?ru?bi/n plural rubies

[C] a red jewel

also ruby red[U] a dark red color

>ruby adj

sedimentary/?sed??ment?ri/adj technical

made of the solid substances that settle at the bottom of the sea, rivers, lakes etc

sedimentary rock

sedimentary deposits

seismic/?sa?zm?k/adj[only before noun]

technical relating to or caused by earthquakes

increased seismic activity

very great, serious, or important

seismic changes in international relations

seismic focus

seismic intensity

seismic intensity scale

seismic map

seismic plane

seismic prospecting

seismic ray

seismic wave

seismogram n

the record of an earth tremor made by a seismograph

seismograph/?sa?zm?grɑ?f US -gr?f/n[C]

an instrument that measures and records the movement of the earth during an earthquake

seismology/sa?z?m?l?d?i US -?mɑ?-/n[U]

the scientific study of earthquakes

>seismologist n[C]

seismometer n

a detecting device that receives seismic impulses

seismometry n

the scientific study and recording of earthquakes

seismoscope n

an instrument that indicates the occurrence or time of occurrence of an earthquake

silver/?s?lv? US -?r/n

[U]a valuable shiny, light grey metal that is used to make jewellery, knives, coins etc. It is a chemical element: symbol Ag

a silver necklace

cups made of solid silver

[U] spoons, forks, dishes etc that are made of silver = silverware

It was my job to polish the silver .

[U and C] the color of silver

The lake sparkled with shades of blue and silver.

This season's colours are rich golds and elegant silvers.

[U and C]informal a silver medal

He won a silver at the last Olympics.

[U]BrE coins that contain silver or are the color of silver

He put his hand into his pocket and brought out a handful of silver.

sodium/?s?udi?m US ?sou-/n[U]

a common silver-white metal that usually exists in combination with other substances, for example in salt. It is a chemical element: symbol Na

speculate/?spekj?le?t/v

[I and T] to guess about the possible causes or effects of something, without knowing all the facts or details

She refused to speculate.

speculate on/about (why/what etc)

Jones refused to speculate about what might happen.

speculate that

Some analysts speculated that jobs will be lost.

[I] to buy goods, property, shares in a company etc, hoping that you will make a large profit when you sell them

speculate in/on

He speculated in stocks.

spring/spr??/n

【SEASON】[U and C] the season between winter and summer when leaves and flowers appear

spring of

the spring of 1933

in/during the spring

It's due to open in the spring.

late/early spring

It was a cold, sunny day in early spring.

spring flowers

【CURVED METAL】

a)[C usually plural] something, usually a twisted piece of metal, that will return to its previous shape after it has been pressed down

an old armchair with broken springs

b)[U] the ability of a chair, bed etc to return to its normal shape after being pressed down

【WA TER】[C] a place where water comes up naturally from the ground

spring water

There are several hot springs in the area.

spring in your step if you walk with a spring in your step, you move quickly and happily

As he walked into the office that morning, there was a spring in his step.

full of the joys of spring happy and full of energy - used humorously

【SUDDEN JUMP】[singular] a sudden quick movement or jump in a particular direction = leap

squirt/skw??t US skw??rt/v

[I and T]if you squirt liquid or if it squirts somewhere, it is forced out in a thin fast stream → spray

squirt out/from/into

Water suddenly squirted out from a hole in the pipe.

squirt sth into/through sth

Squirt some oil in the lock.

[T]to hit or cover someone or something with a thin fast stream of liquid → spray

squirt sb/sth with sth

Mom! Chad's squirting me with the hose!

Some kids squirted a water pistol in her face.

spray/spre?/v

[T]to force liquid out of a container so that it comes out in a stream of very small drops and covers an area→ squirt

spray sb/sth with sth

She sprayed herself with perfume.

spray sth on/onto/over sth

Someone had sprayed blue paint over his car.

Vandals had sprayed graffiti on the walls.

spray crops/plants etc (= cover them with liquid to protect them from insects or disease) The fruit is sprayed every four weeks.

[I always + adverb/preposition] if liquids or small bits spray somewhere, they are quickly scattered through the air

spray from

Champagne sprayed from the bottle.

spray sb/sth with bullets to shoot a lot of bullets towards a person or place very quickly

Gunmen sprayed the crowd with bullets.

Stone Age n

the Stone Age

a very early time in human history, when only stone was used for making tools, weapons etc

Stone Age weapons

a Stone Age settlement

→Bronze Age, Iron Age

Bronze Age n

the Bronze Age

the time, between about 6000 and 4000 years ago, when bronze was used for making tools, weapons etc

Iron Age n

the Iron Age

the period of time about 3000 years ago when iron was first used for making tools, weapons etc

stratigraphy n

the study of rock strata, especially the distribution, deposition, and age of sedimentary rocks

subcontinent/?s?b?k?nt?n?nt US -?kɑ?n-/n[C]

the subcontinent the area of land that includes India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh

sulfur/?s?lf? US -f?r/n[U]

a common light yellow chemical substance that burns with a very strong unpleasant smell, and is used in drugs, explosives, and industry. It is a chemical element: symbol S

summit/?s?m?t/n[C]

an important meeting or set of meetings between the leaders of several governments

the European summit

The two presidents agreed to hold a summit in the spring.

a five-nation summit meeting

the top of a mountain → peak

summit of

Many people have now reached the summit of Mount Everest.

the summit of sth formal the greatest amount or highest level of something = peak

His election as President represented the summit of his career.

swamp/sw?mp US swɑ?mp/n[U and C]

land that is always very wet or covered with a layer of water

>swampy adj

the soft, swampy ground

time zone n[C]

one of the 24 areas that the world is divided into, each of which has its own time

tin/t?n/n

[U] a soft silver-white metal that is often used to cover and protect iron and steel. It is a chemical element: symbol Sn

an old tin bath

[C]BrE also tin can a small metal container in which food or drink is sold

American Equivalent: can

a sardine tin

tin of

a tin of baked beans

[C] a metal container with a lid in which food can be stored

a biscuit tin

[C]BrE a metal container in which food is cooked

American Equivalent: pan

a 7-inch cake tin

a roasting tin

[C]BrE a metal container with a lid, in which paint, glue etc is sold

tin of

a tin of brown paint

tremor/?trem? US -?r/n[C]

a small earthquake in which the ground shakes slightly

an earth tremor

a slight shaking movement in your body that you cannot control, especially because you are ill, weak, or upset

tributary/?tr?bj?t?ri US -teri/n[C]plural tributaries

a stream or river that flows into a larger river

tropic of Cancer n

the parallel of latitude 23°27 north of the equator, the northern boundary of the Torrid Zone, and the most northerly latitude at which the sun can shine directly overhead

tropic of Capricorn n

the parallel of latitude 23°27 south of the equator, the southern boundary of the Torrid Zone, and the most southerly latitude at which the sun can shine directly overhead

tropical rain forest

tunnel /?t?nl/n[C]

a railway tunnel

the Channel Tunnel (= between England and France)

a passage under the ground that animals have dug to live in

valley/?v?li/n[C]

an area of lower land between two lines of hills or mountains, usually with a river flowing through it the San Fernando valley

vegetation/?ved???te???n/n[U]formal

plants in general

Lefkas has an abundance of lush green vegetation.

watershed/?w??t??ed US ?w??t?r-, ?wɑ?-/n[C]

an event or time when important changes happen in history or in your life = turning point

watershed in

The 1932 election represented a watershed in American politics.

watershed decision/case etc

a watershed case on pension rights

the (9 o'clock) watershed BrE the time in the evening after which television programmes that are not considered suitable for children may be shown in Britain

technical the high land separating two river systems

zinc/z??k/n[U]

a blue-white metal that is used to make brass and to cover and protect objects made of iron. It is a chemical element: symbol Zn