英语词汇学学习的误区及对策

陕西学前师范学院

本科学年论文

英语词汇学习的误区及对策

姓名郗阳

学号 2013134234

指导教师姓名：吕姗

职称：

单位：外国语言文学系

专业名称：英语

论文提交日期：2015年6月

二○一五年五月

MISUNDERSTANDINGS AND COUNTERMEASURES OF ENGLISH VOCABULARY LEARNING

By

Xi Yang

Supervisor：Lv Shan

A thesis

submitted in partial fulfillment

of the requirements for the school year

to Department of Foreign Studies

Shaanxi Xueqian Normal University

June , 2015

Misunderstandings And Countermeasures Of English

Vocabulary Learning

Abstract:V ocabulary is the "bricks" of language "building",and it plays a very important role in English learning. Left the vocabulary, language is empty. Therefore, vocabulary is the foundation of language learning. One's vocabulary directly affects his listening,saying,reading,writing,translating and other language skills development. Visible, vocabulary has an important position in language teaching.

Keywords:Misunderstandings;Influence;Countermeasures;

英语词汇学学习的误区及对策

摘要：词汇是语言的学的“砖块”,它在语言教学中起着非常重要的作用。离开词汇,语言是空的。因此,词汇是语言学习的基础。他的词汇量直接影响听、说、阅读、写作、翻译和其他语言技能的发展。可见,词汇在语言教学具有重要的地位。词汇是语言的三个要素之一，是各项语言能力的基础。词汇的学习和掌握会直接影响外语学习者各项语言能力的提高。然而，虽然许多大学生已意识到词汇学习的重要性，但他们在英语词汇学习中却有很大的盲目性，存在着诸多问题和误区，本文拟对此作客观的分析，并对如何解决此问题提出一些科学可行的建议和方法.

关键词：误区；影响；对策

Outline

Thesis Statement:This paper gives a brief introduction of the misunderstandings and the countermeasures of English V ocabulary learning and analyses the results of

it,showing the effective ways to learn English words well.

Ⅰ：Introduction

English vocabulary in learning English is a very important part of English vocabulary is large, rich in content, and more difficult to remember. Nowadays people to learn English more and more, everyone has their different learning methods, some easily to learn, but for some people, English is like a rugged mountain, and it is more and more difficult.For those who are not master in the method of memorizing vocabulary is a challenge.

Today, as the English position in the world is getting more and more stable, we need English urgently in order to go into the world. Like any other language, English consists of speech sound, grammatical structure and vocabulary. To learn English well, the very essential is to enlarge his/her vocabulary. English linguist Wilskin (1972) said, “Without grammar, very little can be conveyed, without vocabulary, nothing can be conveyed. ”It demonstrate that English vocabulary learning plays an important role in our life,however, so many people are still find id hard to learn the vocabulary well.Why is this?Generally speaking,the reason is very simple.Many people fail to master the correct way to learn English words,and what is more,many of them has a lot of misunderstandings in their learning.These misunderstandings will have the bad effect on their English study,so in this paper,it gives a brief introduction of the misunderstandings and countermeasures in English vocabulary learning.

Ⅱ：Background(theory)

English lexicology is based on modern linguistic theory as the instruction, vocabulary as the research object of the class in English.

Ⅳ：Misunderstandings

A：Remember the words only remember one meaning, one part of speech and usage

B：Only remember the words meaning itself, were unable to identify the similar words C：can not utilize the words

Ⅴ: The influence of those errors in English learning

A:Can't remember the words

B: Lose patience

C: Be agitated, give up study

Ⅵ:Countermeasures

A:From less to more, repeat memory

B: According to the root, affix to memory

C:To sentence, forming stylistic awareness to help memory

Ⅶ:Conclusion

The ultimate goal of vocabulary learning is to enable us to learn effectively.It is not enough to have mastered these strategies. Learning English vocabulary, we need to spend a lot of time and energy to accumulate it.

Body

Tracy,the advocate of natural teaching,he said: vocabulary learning is very important to understanding language and speaking output. If we have enough vocabulary, even if our understanding of the grammar structure is almost zero, we also can understand and speak a lot of second language. Second language acquisition theory also thinks that a lot of recognition vocabulary is the basis of training language skills.For starters, the vocabulary is far more important than accuracy structure. Linguists Maurice Wilkins(1972) was brilliantly points out that language is composed of two parts:one part is comprehensive, it is the memory chunk. The other part is to analyze the rules of grammar. No grammar can't express us very well, and without vocabulary, nothing can be expressed. Study of listening teaching scholars all know the importance of English vocabulary knowledge in listening training. They think that the size of the vocabulary from one side to determine the degree of the listening comprehension.

It is no exaggeration to say, the vocabulary is the most important factors of restricting foreign language learning. In English teaching practice, there are quite a few teachers and students of vocabulary teaching understanding is one-sided, and so many students will only be mechanically recite English textbook after each English word in the vocabulary and the corresponding Chinese explanation. When they want to use these English words into writing and speaking, turned out to be mistakes. The reason is that students make the mistake of thinking that: vocabulary is the sum of the stillness of the individual words, as long as the master of a single English word is enough. Actually this kind of understanding is limited, not is a true master.

V ocabulary is, in fact, there is life, activities, are not isolated.

Misunderstanding A:

In the beginning,I find that the first problem is only knowing one meaning of the word.When we began to learn English, we usually remember a meaning of a word and a usage,but the examinations and other level tests as the higher degree of English exam,they requires the full understanding of the meaning of the word, that is what we

called “polysemy” and one word is multi-purpose. Because some students doesn't have the understanding on this change in thinking, remembering words still stays in one meaning. If you were take an examination of further use the word,and you only knew the word “regard” has the meaning of “put ...as...” but did not know it also has the meaning of “respect”,you will find it is difficult to solve the easy question.For example,the word “company”,you must know it means the “firm”,but do you know the other meaning of it?It also means “friend”.And you must be familiar wit h the word “further”,but do you know that "further" except for adjectives and adverbs can also be used as a verb ,means “promote ", “improve”.That is why we thought we have already knew one word but can not choose the right answer.

Misunderstanding B:

The second problem is that we always knows a word roughly,but do not know the specific about it. Because most English exam questions using multiple choice form, the students in the learning process is easy to form this problem. Such as “raise”, “rise”, “arise” three words,we should understand the differences between these words before the exam,but some students didn’t,so they meet them are still ambiguous, and feel confused about them.Students lose points is not because the less vocabulary memory, but they can not stored enough detailed and accurate.

Misunderstanding C:

The third problem is that we only recognize words,but do not know how to differentiate and analyze words. That is the most basic request of vocabulary. Just know the meaning of a word is not enough, we must also know the word and the other word, especially the difference of synonyms and near synonyms. For example,we can see the sentence: “With our own car, we don 't have to cost a lot of time waiting for a bus.” The word "cost" should be replaced With "spend", what went wrong is obviously ,the author did not make clear the difference between the two words.Although all of them have the meaning of "cost",”cost” commonly used “something” as the subject, and “spend” often used” somebody” as the subject. In this sentence,the subject

is”somebody”,so we need to use “spend” as the verb. Another classic example: “carry” and “shoulder” both can mean "bear", and used with nouns” responsibility”,but because of the “shoulder” is one part of the human body, so it should be used when people send out the verb "to"

action, if the words in the subject is a “position”, choose the “shoulder” is not appropriate, then we should choose “carry” as the right answer.

English learning is a long way,and it has many difficulties,if we do not have the effective measures,we will often waste our effort. Many students want to find a way to get rid of this predicament. I think,students English learners should have some basic strategies: set up the confidence, the difference of thinking, cultural concepts, compared against, the relationship between the style consciousness and word group.I hope through the interpretation of below can give some inspiration to the students when they are in trouble in learning English.

Countermeasure A:

We must repeat the memory and remember the words from one to more,step by step.Learning English words like learning Chinese characters,we should learn the words one by one, then a phrase, a sentence, the last to speak slowly.English as a second language, it certainly won't be as easy as mother tongue. So we should be patient more,and learning a few new words every day, then read them repeated for strengthen memory.This will help us to remember the words. We should better write them in a notebook, it won't be too tired but conveniently to carry and look.It is a effective way for us to strengthen our memory. In the process of learning English, we always pay attention to the learning memory effect at that moment, but we do not know if we want to store a good learning memory, just pay attention to the moment of the memory effect, and ignore the persistence is useless.

Countermeasure B:

Less V ocabulary is also become a problem to English learners.Actually,there is a way to help us widen our vocabulary.Learn some commonly prefix, suffix and various kinds of t he structure of the compound methods.The effect we enlarge the vocabulary, enhance vocabulary recognition is very large.We can see some examples as follows:”anti-” is a prefix means”against”,and the word “antiwar”means against the war.The word “antipathy” consisted of “anti” and “pathy”,and “pathy”means emotion,so add these two word,the meaning of “antipathy” is disgust.The word “divide” means separate,it also used as a prefix.The word”divorce”,”di” and “vorce” me ans break a marriage.There are so many words like this.Now I will give you some lists.

○1”popul” means “people”,and then these words like “population”,”populous”,and ”populate” all have

the similar meaning with it.

○2ab-,abs-加在词根前，表示"相反，变坏，离去"等

a.abnormal 反常的（ab+normal正常的）

b.abuse 滥用（ab+use用→用坏→滥用）

c.absorb 吸收（ab+sorb吸收→吸收掉）

d.absent 缺席的（ab+sent出现→没有出现→缺席的）

e.abduct 诱拐（ab+duct引导→引走→诱拐）

f.abject 可怜的（ab+ject抛→抛掉→可怜的）

g.abstract 抽象的；心不在焉的（abs+tract拉→被拉开→心不在焉）

h.abstain 戒绝（abs+tain拿住→不再拿住→戒绝）

i.abscond 潜逃（abs+cond藏→藏起来→潜逃）

j.abscind 废除（abs+cind剪切→切掉→废除）

k.abscise 切除（abs+cise剪→剪掉→切除）

l.abstinence 节制；禁欲（abs+tin拿住+ense→不在拿住→戒除，禁欲）○3ad-加在在单词或词根前，表示"做…，加强…"

adapt适应（ad+apt能力→有适应能力）

adept熟练的（ad+ept能力→有做事能力→熟练的）

adopt收养；采纳（ad+opt选择→选出来→采纳）

adhere坚持（ad+here粘→粘在一起→坚持）

adjacent邻近的（ad+jacent躺→躺在一起→邻近的）

adjoin贴近；毗连（ad+join参加→参加在一起→贴近）administrate管理；执行（ad+ministr部长+ate→做部长→管理）admire羡慕（ad+mire惊奇→惊喜；羡慕）

adumbrate预示（ad+umbr影子+ate→[将来的]影子出现→预示）adjust调整（ad+just+正确→弄正确→调整）

adventure冒险（ad+venture冒险）

admonish告诫，警告（ad+mon警告+ish→一再警告）

advent来临，来到（ad+vent来→来到）

Countermeasure C:

In terms of English vocabulary learning, many experts agree "Word and carrots, group and carrots, sentences and carrots." This sentence ensure the role of context in memorizing words is very important. Otherwise, the memory is only the shallow but not enough to deepen our memory. No context even we had memorize a lot of words we still can not use them.Therefore,we should begin from the following two aspects to stop internalized learning vocabulary.

The main argument of meaning is a words in context. People can be observed from the meaning of the context, we also can attribute significance to the context. Then we should know the context can be divided into two types: linguistic context and situational context. (2004 Wang Wenbin.) Creating context should based on these two points. Due to the influence of Chinese traditional education, historical culture, the Chinese developed a certain mind-set,they like speaking the truth and persuading people with some concept which has less intensive cultivation. In the study, we should create some context for the new words.When we learn new words,we should learn to make a sentence with this word, these all have great help for us to remember the new words.For example,if I learn a new word “pretend”,I will use it in some sentence like”He pretended it was a casual meeting”,in this sentence,the word means “the enactment of a pretense”,but in this sentence “He pretended to the throne”,the word means”covet”.Look at this sentence,”Do not pretend to be an expert.”This word means “camouflage”.From this example,i believe that you can learn a good method.

Conclusion:

“Without grammar very little can be conveyed,without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed.(Wilkins,1972:111)”This statement shows clearly the importance of vocabulary in a language.People can not speak,understand,read or write in a foreign language without knowing a large number of words of that language.However,despite the importance of vocabulary in learning a language,much less work has been done about second language lea rners’ lexicon compared to work in grammar,phonology and discourse studies.

Works Cited

参考文献

[1] 白人立，马秋武．英语词汇学习指导与实践[M ．上海：复旦大学出版社，2001．

[2] 汪家杨，李俊峰，王春生[M]．大学英语词汇讲座与练习．北京：航空工业出版社，1991