高考英语精准考点 备考六大题型全攻略

高考英语精准考点 备考六大题型全攻略
高考英语精准考点 备考六大题型全攻略

英语备考六大题型全攻略

英语备考六大题型全攻略

1.听力---材料生活化,主要考“what”

听力材料具备口语化、生活化、交际性的特点,因此在备考时要选择这方面的听力材料,少听议论类、科普类文章。听力问题一般为特殊疑问句,主要为what类,另外where、who、why也各占一定比例,主要考查范围是文章主旨大意、具体事实信息和说话人的观点、意图。

标准试题的选项应具有干扰性或者启发性,绝对不会出现学生不听磁带,凭常识就可选择正确答案的题目。

2.单项选择---抓住考点,少做无用功

动词及动词短语运用、四种基本时态、情态动词、定语从句、情景交际是重点,形容词、副词的比较级和最高级以及词性间的转化、连接副词、关联词、介词也考,但量不大。冠词、代词、句型和惯用法是考查的新趋势,名词逐渐让位于代词纳入冠词中进行参照考查。

主谓一致、非谓语动词、倒装、强调和疑问尾句等重难点,实际考查的只是最基本的东西,且分值不大,因此不必花太多力气,做无用功。

单项选择主要还是考查考生的词汇识别、辨析能力、文化差异的感受能力和语言运用能力,语法上注重动词问题和一定的覆盖面。

虽然高考淡化了语法,但教师应为学生建立一个完整的语法体系,因为短文改错、阅读和书面表达都要语法作为支撑。所设置题目应注重能力定位、交际定位和语篇定位(大语境和小语境),注意题干的有效性,干扰性和启发性。

3.完形填空---重记叙性文体,可能加考名词

完形填空一般会选择记叙性文体,让考生感觉平和,有人物、情节发展等线索可循。如果是议论、科普或者说明文,难度会很大,所以备考时少用记叙性以外的文体训练。

特别要注意的是,高考所选的文章是以英语为母语的人写的,虽然会根据考生词汇量和设题需适当改写,但会保持语言地道、准确和独立成篇的完整性和文气贯通,所以千万不要用中国人写的英语文章作完形填空训练。

命题原则上,首句不会挖空,同一题的选项性质一致,试题考点分布均衡,上下文中直接找到答案的情况不会出现,选项具有有效性和干扰性。

考查内容上,词汇的意义、辨析、用法和对上下文阅读、整体理解和文化感受是难点。单选若没有考名词,完形填空很有可能补充。

4.阅读理解---题材体裁丰富多样,以深层次理解为主

阅读理解主要考查文章主旨大意和细节,注意事实和事实背后的道理及作者的态度和意图。同时一些题目要根据背景知识来理解判断。问题设置以深层次理解为主,推理判断和主旨大意题一般不少于10道。

文章题材丰富多彩:应用、科普、社会、文化、历史、人物篇各1~2篇,校园、心理、生活各1篇,采用这种组合进行训练可以保证题材面的覆盖。体裁上议论文、说明文(包括广告等)、记叙文均有涉猎,文章排列有序,中间起伏,文体交替。

六大设题模式如下:a.理解主旨要义或者文章的话题;b.理解文中具体信息;c.根据上下文推测生词的词义;d.根据文中的信息,作出判断推理;e.理解文章的基本结构;f.理解作者的意图和基本态度。

5.短文改错---多写周记,学生互改多练

短文改错的设疑方式有小词(如a、an、the)漏掉、多词、换词和正确这四种。

时态上主要考查现在时和过去时,考完成时、进行时很少。此外,应注意非谓语形式,形容词与副词的极少的比较级形式。

短文改错一直得分不高,因为文章是中国人自己写的,如同己出。学生由于太熟悉,像看自己的文章,很难发现问题,方法是让学生多写周记,自己互相改作文进行训练。

6.书面表达---议论性方向发展,地方特色即将凸显。书面表达并非实质性作文,它无需修辞、发散、升华、动情,仅具有作文的三个最原始的要求:切题,达意,逻辑。

目前书面表达试题主要是采用短文写作形式,从要求上来讲是应用文体(信、日记之类),从实质上讲却是叙事性质、陈说性质、议论性质和混合性质(陈说+议论性质或叙事+议论性质)等写作形式。

应用文体较适于控制性与导引性作文,便于老师评卷时做到一定程度上的准确与公正。今后在提示方面应逐步过渡到采用英语提示而不再是汉语提示或说明。高考英语议论文的写作是中学英语教学与测试发展的必然趋势。

书面表达的基本技能:整理思路;组织素材;规划文章结构;列出提纲;起草文章;组织语言;遣词造句;修改文章;正确使用标点符号和字母大小写。

书面表达题应该怎样设计?提供给考生的模拟情景需要真实可信;模拟情景应符合考生的年龄特点,应尽量是考生曾经历过或将会经历的事情;不应该考查考生“写作”以外的能力;要求写作内容的难度应与试卷其他部分的难度基本持平;命题者将试题命制完毕后,应自己写出一份可能性的答案,以检查考生是否可以用已掌握的知识(词汇、语法、一般表达法等)写出所要求词量的短文。

考虑到全国题的影响力,陈说性质和混合性质的文章写作仍将是未来一段时间各地使用的主流模式。议论性质的文章写作模式也必然是未来高考的书面表达试题的主流模式。

提醒:

有些笔在答题卡上渗透得很厉害,直接影响学生答题的情绪和阅卷老师的评卷,考生一定要用黑色笔书写。保证在屏幕上阅卷老师看得清楚。

从高考英语书面表达考生错误盘点中可以发现,除了语法、句法、词法、中式英语的传统性错误之外,书写是一大问题,表现为快笔之误,书写不当,缺笔,多划,添减字母,胡乱大小写、不该大写时大写,该大写时不大写等,在这方面失分十分可惜,因此广大考生一定要在基本功方面加强。

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