翻译材料

必须坚持处理好全局和局部的关系。全国经济是一个有机整体，应当按照“全国一盘棋”的战略布局，充分发挥各个地区的优势，调动中央和地方两个积极性。国家制定方针政策，必须考虑全局利益和长远发展，又要照顾不同地区、不同行业的特点；地方要充分发挥各自的积极性，又必须服从国家全局和长远发展的需要。
We must balance overall and local interests. Our national economy is an organic whole， so we should allow different regions to fully exploit their own advantages and mobilize the initiatives of both central and local governments in line with the strategic concept of “coordinating all the activities of the nation like moves in a chess game.” In formulating any principles and policies， we must consider not only the overall interests of the country and its long-term development but also the characteristics of each region and industry. Local governments should give full expression to their own initiative while subordinating their needs to those of the country as a whole and the requirements for long-term development.


病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道，一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，我顿感打入冷宫，十分郁郁不得志起来。一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴，一时宾客云集，笑语四溢。我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗帘，窥见园中大千世界，一片繁华，自己的哥姐，堂表弟兄，也穿插其间，个个喜气洋洋。一霎时，一阵被人摒弃，为世所遗的悲愤兜上心头，禁不住痛哭起来。

For all that, it is hard to believe that China’s companies and politicians want to operate with one arm tied behind their backs. And although many of the country’s big firms may never resemble Western ones, with diffuse private shareholders and independence from the state, they may have to edge more towards this template in order to succeed at large cross-border deals. In a speech this month a senior Chinese official emphasised the role abroad of China’s “private” firms, which typically have less overt state direction. To address other countries’ concerns about political control, China may also have to loosen its hold on its giant state-owned companies and ensure that their power structure is more transparent.

Most of the executives interviewed by The Economist also felt that the next generation of Chinese executives, in their 30s and 40s today, with more international education and experience, would prove far more effective than the present cohort of chiefs. Over the past two decades the old guard has taken a rusting industrial base and from it made gleaming corporate giants. Yet if those firms are to achieve their full potential abroad their creators may have to relax their grip.
虽然如此,很难相信

中国的公司和政治家们喜欢的凭一只手
臂被绑在背后。尽管许多国家的大公司,可能永远不会像西方国家有广泛的私人股东的国家和独立的,他们也许不得不边向这个模板为了成功在庞大的跨国交易。在一次讲话中在本月,一名中国高级官员强调了重要的形象的中国“私人”公司,有典型地不公开的国家的方向。为解决其他国家的担忧,中国政治控制,可能也不得不放松坚持其庞大的国有公司和保证他们的权力结构更加透明。

大部分的行政人员采访了由经济学家也认为下一代的中国高管人员30岁至40岁之间,他们今天,随着更多的国际教育与经验,将证明更有效队列研究,比当前所出的族长。在过去的20年里老一代卫道士所采取的是一种生锈的工业基地和从它使闪光的企业巨头。然而,如果这些公司都是他们发掘他们的潜能国外他们的创造者可能不得不放松控制。


办公英语：感谢信 Thank-You Letter

1. Dear Mr. / Ms,
Thank you for your letter of June 4, enclosing an account of the organization and work of your Chamber of Commerce and Industry.

We are very grateful for such a detailed account of your activities. This information is certain to help increase our future cooperation.
Yours faithfully
尊敬的先生/小姐，
谢谢您六月四日的来信及随信附上的说明书，该说明书描述了你们工商总会的工作与组织结构。对给我们一个你们活动如此详细的描述，我们表示非常感谢。这一信息一定能帮助促进我们未来的合作

办公英语：祝贺信 Congratulation Letter



1. Dear Mr. / Ms,
On the occasion of the 35th anniversary of your National Day, please accept our heartiest congratulations. May the trade connections between our countries continue to develop with each passing day!
Yours faithfully
尊敬的先生/小姐，
值此国庆三十五周年之际，请接受我们最真诚的祝贺。愿我们两国之间的贸易联系持续发展。
你诚挚的
2. Dear Mr. Minister
Allow me to convey my congratulations on your promotion to Minister of Trade. I am delighted that many years service you have given to your country should have been recognized and appreciated.
We wish you success in your new post and look forward to closer cooperation with you in the development of trade between our two countries.
Sincerely
部长先生，
请允许我向您升任贸易部长表示祝贺。多年来你对国家的贡献被认可，欣赏，我非常高兴。我们祝愿您在新的职位取得成功，期待我们两国在贸易发展上进一步合作。
诚挚的
(回信）
Dear Mr. / Ms,
Thank you for your letter conveying congratulations on my appointment. I wi

sh
also to thank you for the assistance you have given me in my w
ork and look forward to better cooperation in the future.
Sincerely
尊敬的先生/小姐，
感谢你来信对我的任命表达的祝贺。我也感谢您对我的工作给予的支持，并期望未来能有更好的合作

办公英语：提示 Attention
1.Dear Mr. / Ms,
On 14 November I submitted a bill for services rendered to your office at the Lille International Exposition. More than a month has now elapsed without payment or acknowledgment of my bill. Please check this oversight,and remit payment at your earliest convenience. I look forward to future services to your corporation.
Thank you for your prompt attention to this matter.
Yours faithfully
尊敬的先生/小姐，
十一月十四日我向你办公室在Lille国际博览会上提供的服务提交了帐单。一个月过去了你既没有付款也没有认可帐单。请检查这一疏忽并在最方便的时候付款。期望以后还为你公司服务。
谢谢您能对此事尽快重视起来

办公英语：道歉与解释 Appology
1.Dear Mr. / Ms,
We are sorry we cannot send you immediately the catalogue and price list for which you asked in your letter of March 10. Supplies are expected from the printers in two weeks and as soon as we receive them, we will send you a copy.
Yours faithfully
尊敬的先生/小姐，
对三月十日来信所要目录和价格单，很抱歉不能马上寄去。印刷商两周后供货，一旦收到，我们将给您寄去一份。
您诚挚的
2.Dear Mr. / Ms,
I was very concerned when I received your letter of yesterday complaining that the central heating system in your new house had not been completed by the date promised.
On referring to our earlier correspondence,I find that I had mistaken the date for completion. The fault is entirely mine and I deeply regret that it should have occurred.
I realize the inconvenience our oversight must be causing you and will do everything possible to avoid any further delay. I have already given instructions for the work to have priority and the engineers working on the job to be placed on overtime. These arrangements should see the installation completed by next weekend.
Yours faithfully
尊敬的先生/小姐，
昨天收到你的来信，抱怨你新家的中央加热系统未按规定时间装好，对此我非常关心。参考较早的通信，我发现我搞错了完成日期。错误完全是我的，对此我非常抱歉。
认识到我们的疏忽给你造成的不便，我们将竭尽全力避免再耽搁。我已指示这项工作优先做并让工程人员加班。这样安排会于下周完成安装。

办公英语：咨询 Consultation
1 询问信息
Dear Mr. / Ms,
We are much concerned that y

our
sales in recent months have fallen considerably. At first we thought t
his might be due to a slack market, but on looking into the matter more closely, we find that the general trend of trade during this period has been upwards.
It is possible that you are facing difficulties of which we are not aware. If so, we would like to know what we can do to help. We, therefore, look forward to receiving from you a detailed report on the situation and suggestions as to how we may help in restoring our sales to their former level.
Yours faithfully
尊敬的先生/小姐，
我们非常关心你方销售近几个月大幅度下降。开始我们以为是市场疲软，但仔细研究问题，我们发现过去这段时间贸易的总趋势是上升的。有可能你方面临我方还不知道的困难，如是这样，我方想知道是否能帮助什么。我们期望收到关于问题的详细报告，及建议我们怎样帮助才能把销售恢复到原来的水平。
您诚挚的

办公英语：告示 Announcements
1. 开业 Opening of new business
Dear Mr. / Ms,
We have opened at the above address a sales office for our products here in New York. We employ a staff of consultants and a well-trained service department which makes routine checks on all equipment purchased from us.
We would be pleased if you would take full advantage of our services and favourable shopping conditions.
We fully guarantee the quality of our products.
Yours faithfully
尊敬的先生/小姐，
我们已在纽约上述地址为我们的产品开设了一家办事处。我们雇有一个谘询人员和一支受过良好训练的服务队伍，可以为从我处购买的设备进行日常检查。
如果你能充分利用我们的服务和良好的购物环境，我们会很高兴。我们全面保证产品的质量。
你诚挚的
2. 建立办事处 Establishment of new branch
Dear Mr. / Ms,
Owing to the large increase in the volume of our trade with this country we have decided to open a branch here, with Mr. Wang Lo as manager. The new branch will open on 1st March and from that date all orders and inquiries should be sent to Mr. Wang Lo at the above address, instead of to our London office.

We take this opportunity to express our thanks for your cooperation in the past. We hope the new arrangements will lead to even better results.
Yours faithfully
尊敬的先生/小姐，
因在该国贸易额大量增加，我们决定在这里开设一家分支，由王洛先生任经理。新办事处将于三月一日开业，今后所有的订单和询价请按上述地址送到王洛先生那，而不是伦敦办公室。
我们籍此机会向您过会与我们的合作表示感谢，我们希望新的安排能产生好的结果。
你诚挚的
3. 歇业 Discontinuation of

busi
ness
Dear Mr/Ms,
With the demolition of our premises a
t the above address under a redevelopment scheme, the part of our business carried on there will be discontinued after the end of October.
On Monday, 1st October, we are holding a closing-out sale. Stock on hand will be cleared regardless of cost. There will be substantial reductions in all departments and in some cases, prices will be marked down by as much as one half.
Stock to be cleared is unrivaled in both variety and quality. As the sale is likely to be well attended, we hope you make a point of visiting the store as early as possible during the opening days.
Yours faithfully
尊敬的先生/小姐，
随着在经营重组计划下而取消的上述经营场所，该处的业务将于十月底后停止。在十月一日，星期一，我们将组织一次清仓销售，现有库存不论成本都将清售。所有部门都将大幅消价，有的商品折价会达一半。
清仓商品无论种类还是质量都无可挑剔。因此次销售参加人员可能较多，我们希望您在清仓销售期间尽早来。
你诚挚的
4.更改名称和地址 Change of name and address
Dear Mr. / Ms,
At our company meeting on 4 September, it was decided that the name of our company would be changed to CNMIEC Lee Co. At the same time, it was decided to move the company from the above address to No3-6 Broadway Street.
We will appreciate your informing the appropriate departments of these changes.
Yours faithfully
尊敬的先生/小姐，
在公司九月四日的会议上，我们公司的名称已决定改为CNMIEC李氏公司。同时公司由现在地址移到百老汇街3-6号。
如能把这些变化通知相关部门，我们将不胜感激。
你诚挚的
5. 新的任命 New appointment
Dear Mr. / Ms,
We wish to notify you that Mr. Robert Smart, who has been our representative in Southwest England for the past seven years has left our service and therefore no longer has authority to take orders or collect accounts on our behalf.
We have appointed Mr. Fred Peterson in his place. Mr. Peterson has for many years been on our sales force and is thoroughly familiar with the needs of customers in your area. We trust you will have good cooperation from him.
Yours faithfully
尊敬的先生/小姐，
我们在此通知您，过去七年在英格兰西南任我们代表的罗伯特斯马特先生已离开我们公司，他不再代表公司接受订单收款。
我们已任命弗莱德彼特森代替他的位置。彼特森先生已在我们的销售部门任职多年，完全熟悉你地区顾客的需要。我们相信您和他能有好的合作。
您诚挚的
6. 公司的建立与重组 Establishment or reorganization of company
Dear Mr. / Ms,
We are plea

sed to
announce that as of 1st June our firm will merge with D & W Co.
of this town to form the new firm of CN/CW Co. The new firm will carry on business at 6 Rue de Toqueville, Tripoli, to which address please send all communications after 31st May.
We appreciate the confidence you have placed in us in the past and look forward to continued dealings with you.
Yours faithfully
尊敬的先生/小姐，
我们高兴的宣布，由于六月一日我们公司将于该镇的D&W公司合并，成立新的CN/CM公司。新公司将在Tripoli的 Rue de Toqueville六号办公，五月三十一日后所有信息请寄新地址。
我们感谢您过去对我的信任并希望继续与您来往。
您诚挚的

办公英语：约定 Appointments
1. Dear Mr./Ms,
Mr. John Green, our General Manager, will be in Paris from June 2 to 7 and would like to come and see you, say, on June 3 at 2.00 p.m. about the opening of a sample room there.Please let us know if the time is convenient for you. If not, what time you would suggest.
Yours faithfully,
尊敬的先生/小姐
我们的总经理约翰格林将于六月2日到7日在巴黎，有关在那开样品房的事宜，他会于六月3日下午2：00点拜访您。
请告知这个时间对您是否方便。如不方便，请建议具体时间。
您诚挚的
<回信>
Dear Mr. / Ms,
Thank you for your letter informing us of Mr. Green's visit during June 2-7. Unfortunately, Mr. Edwards, our manager, is now in Cairo and will not be back until the second half of June. He would, however, be pleased to see Mr. Green any time after his return.
We look forward to hearing from you.
Yours faithfully,
尊敬的先生/小姐
谢谢来函告知我方六月2-7日格林先生的来访。不巧，我们的总经理艾得华先生现正在巴黎，到六月中旬才能回来。但他回来后愿意在任何时间会见格林先生。
希望收到您的来信。

您诚挚的
2. Dear Mr/Ms,

I represent the W/P Electronics Company in Dallas, and will be in Kunming from next Monday to Friday, (October 5-9). I should like to call on you to discuss our new monitor. Would 0930 hours on Tuesday, October 6 be convenient?

I shall be in Beijing, at the Great Wall Hotel, from Tuesday, September 29, until Sunday, October 4, where a message will reach me. If the day is not convenient, will you please suggest another.

Yours faithfully

尊敬的先生/小姐

我是达拉斯W/P电子公司的代表，将于下周一到周五（10月5-9日）住留昆明。我乐于请您商讨我们新的显示器。星期二即10月6日上午09：30是否方便？

从周二，即9月29日，我将住在北京的长城宾馆，直到周六，即10月4日，在那会

有通
知给我。如商讨日期不方便，请另外建议。


Dear Mr/Ms,

Thank you for your letter of September 26.We shall be very pleased to see you and discuss your new monitor, but October 6 is not suitable. We will be happy to meet with you at 9:30 a.m. on Wednesday, October 7, if the time is convenient for you.

We look forward to meeting you.

Yours faithfully

尊敬的先生/小姐

我们将很高兴与您会面并与您商谈新的显示器，但10月6日不太合适。如方便的话，我们愿在10月7日与您会面。

期待与您见面。

您诚挚的

3. Dear Mr. / Ms,

I am at present in Hamburg visiting the harbour with a view to making known our new type of container for use in Europe.

I shall be in Antwerp on Wednesday, 4th June, and should like to call on you at 2.00 p.m. on that day.

If I do not hear from you to the contrary, I shall assume that it will be convenient for me to call at that time.

Yours faithfully

尊敬的先生/小姐

我现正在汉堡参观港口，以让欧洲了解并使用我们的新型集装箱。

星期三即六月4日，我将到安特卫普，我会于当天下午2：00打电话给你。

对此约定如不来信，我将认为于这个时间打电话是方便的。

您诚挚的

4. Dear Mr. / Ms,

Mr. Jack Baron, our personnel director, has asked me to acknowledge your application for the post of accountant and to ask you to come to see him on Friday afternoon, 5th July, at half past two.

I will appreciate your letting me know whether you will be able to come.

Yours faithfully

尊敬的先生/小姐

杰克巴伦先生，我们的人事主任，让我向你申请会计职位表示感谢，并请你于7月5日星期五的下午两点半来见他。

是否能来，请告知，多谢。

您诚挚的
< 回信>
Dear Mr./ Ms,
Thank you for your letter of yesterday inviting me to come for an interview on Friday afternoon, 5th July, at 2:30. I shall be happy to be there as requested and will bring my diploma and other papers with me.
Yours faithfully
尊敬的先生/小姐
谢谢昨日来信通知我面试，我将于要求的7月5日，周五下午两点半到达，并带去我的证书及其它书面材料。
你诚挚的

办公英语：介绍信 Letters 0f Introduction
1. Dear Mr. / Ms.,
This is to introduce Mr. Frank Jones, our new marketing specialist who will be in London from April 5 to mid April on business.
We shall appreciate any help you can give Mr. Jones and will always be happy to reciprocate.
Yours faithfully
尊敬的先生/小姐，
现向您推荐我们的

市场专
家弗兰克·琼斯先生
。他将因公务在四月15日到四月中旬期间停留伦敦。
我们将非常感谢您向琼斯先生提供的任何帮助，并非常高兴施以回报。
您诚挚的
2. Dear Mr. / Ms,
We are pleased to introduce Mr. Wang You, our import manager of Textiles Department. Mr. Wang is spending three weeks in your city to develop our business with chief manufactures and to make purchases of decorative fabrics for the coming season.
We shall be most grateful if you will introduce him to reliable manufacturers and give him any help or advice he may need.
Yours faithfully
尊敬的先生/小姐，
我们非常高兴向您介绍我们纺织部的进口经理王有先生。王先生将在你市度过三周，他要与主要的生产厂家拓展商务并为下一季度采购装饰织品。
如能介绍他给可靠的生产厂家，向他提供所需的任何帮助或建议，我们将不胜感谢



医学英语阅读：查房准备(中英对照)
Preparation for Patient RoundsIt's 8: 30 AM, time to begin patient rounds. Today we'll make patient rounds with the pulmonary team. In room 1107, we find 65yr. old Mr. Smith who was admitted yesterday afternoon. The pulmonary team includes the attending physician, senior pulmonary fellow, junior resident, and 3 medical students. The admitting junior resident who admitted the patient the previous day begins the case presentation. Mr. Smith presents with a sore throat, productive cough and shortness of breath; he's been febrile for 5 days; his illness failed to respond to IV Annkacin given during his hospitalization at a small local hospital so he was transferred to our hospital with the diagnosis of pneumonia. His family brought his medical records including a Chest X- ray and lab reports performed in the local hospital, but the junior resident left them in his on-call sleeping room. One of the medical students quickly retrieves the nursing chart from the nursing station. Review of the vitals is noteworthy for a progressive increasing pulse and respiratory rate during the night. The junior resident now briefly reexamines the patient, lung auscultation, and then the pharynx. After completing the physical exam, he notes the patient has "crackles" in the right lung base and purulent pharyngeal exudate. No results of yesterday's Chest X-ray, CBC, and ABG were provided. An ABG or pulse oximetry forgotten. Further examination notes bilateral diffuse crackles, BP 90/60,pulse 120, resp.32/min. He orders a stat ABG and Chest X- ray and while waiting we request the nurse check the patient's O2 saturation using pulse oximetry and discover the O2 saturation is only 80%. Urgent arrangements are made to transfer the patient to ICU.


查房准备早晨8点30分，开始查房。今天，我们和呼吸内科的医生

一起查房
。1107号病房患者是史密斯先生，65岁，昨天下午入院。查房小组由7人
组成，包括呼吸内科的主治医生、专科住院医生、住院医生和3名医学生。先由昨天受治患者并完成病历的住院医生报告病情。史密斯先生表现为咽痛、咳嗽多痰、气促，发烧已有5天，在当地一家小医院住院时静脉用丁胺卡那针剂治疗无效，以肺炎转入我院治疗。患者家属将病历及胸透片、化验单等资料交给了一位住院医生，并被遣忘在值班室。一个医学生迅速地到护理站将记录拿了过来。检查提示，昨晚患者的心率和呼吸频率均显著增快。住院医生迅速复查了这名患者，先是肺部听诊，然后检查患者咽喉部。体格检查完毕后，他注意到患者右肺底有湿罗音，咽喉部有脓性分泌物。未提供昨天患者的胸片、血细胞和血气分析的结果。漏查血气分析。然后，主诊医生迅速地检查了一下患者，注意到患者双侧肺底有湿罗音，血压90／60毫米汞柱（mmHg），心率120次／分，呼吸20次／分。他迅速开出血气分析和胸透片的检查医嘱。我们一边等待结果，一边让护士查一下血氧饱和度，结果血氧饱和度（SaO2）仅为86%。患者被迅速转移到重症监护室。



A subsequent ABG shows pH 7.50, PC O2 30rnnff/g and P O2 46mm Hg. Within 1 hr. of ICU admission, the patient requires intubation and mechanical ventilation.

血气分析报告提示pH为7.50，二氧化碳分压（PC O2 ）为30毫米汞柱，氧分压（P O2 ）为46毫米汞柱。转入重症监护室1小时后，患者接受气管插管、机械通气。



Adequate preparation for patient rounds is essential for efficient, quality patient care. Poor preparation not only prolongs patient rounds, but worse it may delay “timely” decisions concerning the patient treatment, and even delay recovery and discharge. Ultimately it may compromise the quality of medical care and ominously even result in premature death!

查房前的充分准备对向患者提供高效和高质量的诊治非常重要！准备工作不充分不仅延误了整个查房的时间，更重要的是，它延误了对患者病情的及时处理，甚至会延误患者的恢复和出院。最终会降低医疗服务的质量，甚至可能导致患者因丧失抢救时机而早死。



Adequate preparation for patient rounds should first include knowledge of the patient's current condition, which may be obtained by a brief “pre-round” chart review, including the nursing record and a bedside evaluation as well. This should be followed by collecting current lab, X-ray, and pathology reports to be available for review during rounds. Although the written reports may not be available on the chart, often a preliminary report may be obtained either by phone or from a co

mputer monito
r on the ward. These results may then be discussed with other team members during patient rounds, which will facilitate earlier diagnosis and tre
atment.

查房准备首先是要了解患者目前的状况，这些信息可以通过查房前的病历回顾，包括护理记录和床边评估等获得。接着是收集患者现有的实验室、X线和病理报告以备查房时使用。有时查房前可能拿不到正式报告，但可以通过电话或病区的计算机先得到初步报告。这些结果可以在查房时供查房小组讨论，这将有利于疾病的早期诊断和治疗



“Tools” are extremely necessary to perform a proper physical exam. No physician should ever begin rounds without a stethoscope and penlight in his coat pocket. Although he may not always carry a tongue blade, chopsticks or a teaspoon could be substituted for the oropharyngeal exam. Inspection of the oral mucosa may faciltate diagnosis of such diseases as pharyngitis, tonsillitis, mucositis, oral candidiasis or oral ulcerations, each of which may present clues to such diseases as SLE, HIV infection, herpes simplex, leukemia, megaloblastic anemia, or Behcet's disease.

工具对检查极其重要。任何一个医生在开始查房时至少要有听诊器和笔式电筒，也许他不一定总带着压舌板，但可以设法用筷子或勺子等代替进行口咽部的检查。检查口腔粘膜有助于咽炎、扁桃体炎、粘膜炎、口腔白色念珠菌病或是口腔溃疡的诊断，从而为系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）、艾滋病（AIDS）、单纯疱疹、白血病、恶性贫血或Behcet病等疾病提供线索。



The obvious importance of a stethoscope for physical examination should need no explanation. Lung auscultation may detect rales, rhonchi or wheezes; valuable clues to such illnesses as pneumonia, asthma or congestive heart failure （CHF）. Decreased breath sounds may be noted with a pleural effusion, COPD, atelectasis and pneumothorax. The Cardiologist uses the stethoscope for cardiac auscultation; listening carefully to detect irregular rhythms, an S3 or S4 often noted in CHF and heart murmurs heard with stenotic valve lesions. Likewise, the stethoscope allows the examiner to detect mid systolic clicks in mitral valve prolapse and pericardial friction rubs.

很显然，体格检查时听诊器的作用非常重要。肺部听诊可以听到湿罗音、干罗音或哮鸣音，这对诊断肺炎、哮喘或充血性心力衰竭很有价值。呼吸音减低则可以在胸腔积液、慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）、肺不张和气胸时被发现。心脏科医生使用听诊器进行心脏听诊，仔细倾听来发现心律失常、心力衰竭时常出现的第三心音（S3）和第四心音（S4）以及狭窄性瓣膜病变时产生的心脏杂音。同样听诊器有利于检查者发现二尖瓣脱垂时收缩中期喀喇音和

心包摩擦音
。



Other useful tools for patient rounds include the following:
1. A small ruler to measure skins lesions, nodules and PPD skin test reactions;
2. A reflex hammer to assess DTR's during the ne
urologic exam;
3. A small pocketsize reference book that lists medications and their dosage. Alternatively, many physicians now purchase hand-held mini-computers such as the Palm Pilot that stores a veritable “wealth” of medical information accessed with a mere tap of the finger.

其他工具包括：
1. 一把小尺：用于测量皮肤损害和结节的大小及PPD皮试反应；
2. 一把叩诊锤：用于神经系统检查时评价DTR；
3. 一本袖珍药物手册：用于查阅药物和药物剂量。现在许多医生拥有手提式微型计算机，如“掌上电脑”，手指轻轻一点就能查阅储存的大量有价值的医疗信息。



During patient rounds the resident should bring the nursing record to the bedside where the team can readily review pertinent patient data such as vital signs, fluid volume intake and urine output during the previous 24 hrs. The current medication list and the nurse's notes that may report frequent changes in the patient's condition must also be reviewed. Often several medications may be discontinued or switched to the oral route.

查房时，住院医生必须将护理记录拿到床边，这样有利于查房小组很容易地了解患者有关的病情，如生命休征、24小时液体摄入量和尿量。还应该审查目前药物使用情况和记录患者病情变化的护理记录。有些药物常常会被停掉或改为口服。



Finally, the physician's attire and clothing must bear a professional appearance. Usually white coats are the standard physician's attire. However, frequently physicians neglect to change their coat when it becomes “soiled” with blood, ink, urine or even fecal matter. This not only presents an unpleasant appearance to the patient, but also poses a risk of transmitting infection. An identification badge that identifies the physician's name and level of training （attending, fellow, resident） must be clearly visible to the patient. This is important not only to identify the physician, but also for security reasons.

最后需要强调的是，医生的着装必须符合职业的特点。白大褂是医生的校准职业装，但医生常常忽略衣服所沾上的血迹、钢笔水、小便甚至大便。穿着这样的衣服工作不仅使病人感到医生外观不雅，而且有传播疾病的危险。必须佩带标明医生姓名和等级（如主治医生、专科住院医生和普科住院医生）的身份牌，使患者能够一目了然。这对识别医生身份和安全考虑都很重要。



In summary, adequate preparation for patient rounds is essential for efficient, organized and productive patient care. It not only fa

cilitates efficie
nt care, but also will engender patient confidence and trust in the physician team. Furthermore, poor preparation for patient rounds often leads to the omission of pertinent patient information and thus compromises the quality and safety of patient care.

总之，查房
前准备充分对实施有效、有序和富有成果的病人护理是至关重要的。它不仅有助于促进医疗工作，而且会增强患者对于医务人员的信任。相反，查房准备不足导致患者信息的遗漏，损害患者的治疗及安全。