初中英语语法知识—名词的基础测试题含解析

初中英语语法知识—名词的基础测试题含解析
初中英语语法知识—名词的基础测试题含解析

一、选择题

1.She ______ her______every evening at home.

A.does;homework B.does;homeworks

C.do;homework D.do;homeworks

2.—Let’s make a banana milk shake.

—How many ________ do we need?

A.bananas B.cup of milk C.honey

3.Look at the________on the ground, and it’s telling us autumn has come.

A.leaves B.leaf C.leafs D.leafes

4.People in western countries will get together to eat turkeys and celebrate harvest(丰收)on ________, just like our Mid-Autumn Day.

A.Thanksgiving Day B.Christmas Day C.National Day

5.—Tom likes soccer.What club can he join?

—He can join the ______ club.

A.sport B.music

C.sports D.swimming

6.—What can I do for you?

—Err, I want a glass of milk, some bread and .

A.some chickens B.any chicken C.some chicken

7.— How much are the __________?

— Eight yuan a kilo.

A.broccoli B.potatoes C.beef D.bread

8.The computer is _______________.

A.Amy's and Lily's B.Amy and Lily C.Amy's and Lily D.Amy and Lily's

9.I am hungry. But there is little left. I have to go and buy some.

A.sandwiches B.potatoes C.water D.bread

10.I guess __________bikes are yellow. They have many things in the same color.

A.Lucy's and Lily's B.Lucy and Lily's C.Lucy and Lily D.Lucy's and Lily 11.—Kate, what do you have ____________ dinner?

—I have some____________, And I like them very much.

A./; chicken B.for; chicken C./; vegetables D.for; vegetables 12.-Can I help you?

-Yes. I'd like__________ rice.

A.a small bar of B.a slice of C.a large bag of D.a piece of

13.I’m happy ________ a friend of ________.

A.to visit, my B.visiting my C.to visit, mine D.visiting, my 14.—How many________ doctors are there in your hospital?

—________ them________ over one hundred

A.woman; The number of; is B.women; The number of; is C.women; A number of; are

15.Some bananas ______ in the bag. Some mutton ______ on the table.

A.are; are B.is; is C.are; is D.is; are 16.—Is that your schoolbag?

—No, it isn’t. It’s _____.

A.her. B.Bob’s C.Bob D.him 17.—Do you like apples?

—Yes, I do. But my son likes _______.

A.tomatos B.tomatoes C.tomato D.banana 18.Can you tell me the ________ habits of the butterflies?

A.living B.live C.lives D.lived 19.Animals are our ________, and we should be ________ to them.

A.friend; friendly B.friends; friendly C.friendly; friends D.friendly; friend 20.—_______everyone with kindness even those who are impolite to you. Remember: not because they are worth it, but because you are nice.

一Everyone should treat others with_______.

A.To treat; warmly B.Treat; warmth C.Treating; warm 21.—What're these_______English?

—They are________.

A.at; knifes B.in; knives C.in, knifes

22.A number of________ will take part in the sports meeting and the number of them

________ over 300.

A.students; are B.student; are C.students; is

23.In fact, he didn’t explain the cause the accident us clearly.

A.for; to B.of; to C.for; for D.of; for 24.When National Day comes, we have a ____ holiday.

A.seven-day B.seven-days C.seven days

25.— Is this room yours? —No, it's not__________.It's __________.

A.mine; Lily's and Lucy's B.my; Lily and Lucy's

C.my; theirs D.mine; Sally's

【参考答案】***试卷处理标记,请不要删除

一、选择题

1.A

解析:A

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:她每天晚上在家做她的家庭作业。

考查主谓一致和名词的数。does助动词的三单形式;do助动词的原形;homework家庭作业,不可数名词。根据主语she是第三人称单数,所以后面的助动词要用三单形式;又因homework是不可数名词,没有复数形式,故选A。

2.A

解析:A

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:——让我们做一个香蕉奶昔。——我们需要多少香蕉?

考查名词。根据前一句可知,要制作香蕉奶昔的原料是香蕉和牛奶。How many后接可数名词复数。bananas名词,香蕉;cup of milk此处表示几杯牛奶,cup应该为复数才可以放在空格处,故排除。honey名词,蜂蜜,不可数名词,不可以和How many搭配。故选A。3.B

解析:B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:看地上的叶子,它告诉我们秋天已经来了。

考查名词。leaf叶子,单数;leaves树叶,复数,根据所给空后面的it’s te lling us可知,应该用的是可数名词单数,故选B。

4.A

解析:A

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:西方国家的人们会在感恩节聚在一起吃火鸡,庆祝丰收,就像我们的中秋节一样。考查节日。Thanksgiving Day感恩节; Christmas Day圣诞节;National Day国庆节。根据文中“People in western countries will get together to eat turkeys and celebrate harvest”可知,这里是说“感恩节”。根据题意,故选A。

5.C

解析:C

【解析】

【详解】

句意:——汤姆喜欢足球。他能参加什么俱乐部?——他可以加入游泳俱乐部。

考查名词辨析。sport运动;单数; music音乐;sports运动,复数; swimming游泳。根

据上文“Tom likes soccer.”可知下文是“加入体育俱乐部”。sport运动,作定语必须用复数。the sports club运动俱乐部。根据题意,故选C。

6.C

解析:C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:——我能为你做什么?——呃,我想要一杯牛奶,一些面包和一些鸡肉。

考查不定代词辨析。some一些,后接复数名词或不可数名词,用于肯定句;any一些,后接复数名词或不可数名词,用于否定句。chicken鸡肉,不可数名词,无复数形式;本句是肯定句,and连接并列结构;根据上文“some bread一些面包”,可知选C。

7.B

解析:B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:——这些土豆多少钱?——八元一公斤。

考查名词。A. broccoli西兰花;B. potatoes土豆;C. beef牛肉;D. bread面包。根据句中are提示,空格处应填入名词复数,四个选项中只有B选项为可数名词的复数形式,故选B。

8.D

解析:D

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:这台计算机是艾米和莉莉的。

本题考查名词所有格。Amy's and Lily's艾米的和莉莉的,两个人各自的电脑,这里的主语是单数,不符合语境。故排除。Amy and Lily艾米和莉莉,指人,不符合语境。Amy's and Lily艾米的和莉莉,不符合语法; Amy and Lily's艾米和莉莉共同的。根据the computer可知,这是一台电脑,因此是两个人共同拥有的,故选D。

9.D

解析:D

【解析】

【详解】

句意:我饿了。但是几乎没有面包剩下了。我不得不去买一些了。

sandwich三明治;potato土豆;water水;bread面包。由hungry(饿了)可排除C项;空格前little意为“几乎没有”,常修饰不可数名词,故排除A、B项。故选D。

10.A

解析:A

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:我猜露西和莉莉的自行车是黄色的。他们有很多颜色相同的东西。

考查名词所有格,根据谓语动词“are”可知这里应该指的是他们各自所拥有的自行车,所以应该用Lucy's and Lily's来表示,故选A。

【点睛】

在英语中有些名词可以加“'s ”来表示所有关系,带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格,如:a teacher's book.名词所有格的规则如下:

1)单数名词词尾加“'s”,复数名词词尾没有s,也要加“'s”,如the boy's bag 男孩的书包,men's room 男厕所.

2)若名词已有复数词尾-s 。只加“'”。如:the workers' struggle工人的斗争.

3)凡不能加“'s”的名词,都可以用“名词+of +名词”的结构来表示所有关系,如:the title of the song 歌的名字.

4)在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时,名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词,如:the barber's 理发店.

5)如果两个名词并列,并且分别有's,则表示“分别有”;只有一个's,则表示共有如:John's and Mary's room(两间)John and Mary's room(一间)

6)复合名词或短语,'s 加在最后一个词的词尾.

如:a month or two's absence

11.D

解析:D

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:——凯特,你晚饭吃了什么?——我吃了些蔬菜。我很喜欢蔬菜。

考查介词和名词。have sth. for dinner晚饭吃……,所以第一空需要填写介词for;第二空根据后面的them可知前面需要填写可数名词复数,chicken鸡肉,不可数,vegetables蔬菜,可数名词复数,故选D。

12.C

解析:C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:——你想买点什么?——是的,我想要一大袋大米。

A. a small bar of.. 一小块……;

B. a slice of一片……;

C. a large bag of…一大袋……;

D. a piece of…表示一片……。rice是大米,这里表示一大袋大米用a large bag of rice来表示。根据题意,故选C。

13.C

解析:C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:我很开心去拜访我的一个朋友。

考查非谓语动词形式和物主代词。visit是动词原形,意为“拜访,参观”,to visit是动词不定式,visiting是动名词。my形容词性物主代词,作定语;mine名词性物主代词,可作主语,表语或者宾语。be happy to do sth.意为“很高兴去做某事”;我的一个朋友a friend of my friends=a friend of mine。故选C。

14.B

解析:B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:——你们医院里有多少女医生?——数量超过100。

考查名词和短语。How many问数量多少,后跟可数名词复数形式,女医生的女性也要用复数形式,故排除A;the number of……的数量,后跟谓语单数形式;a number of大量,许多,后跟谓语复数形式。根据句意指女医生的数量,排除C。故选B。

15.C

解析:C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:袋子里有一些香蕉。一些羊肉在桌子上。考查系动词辨析题。some一些,后接复数名词或不可数名词。bananas是复数形式,系词需用are;mutton是不可数名词,系词需用is;根据句意语境,可知选D。

16.B

解析:B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:——那个是你的书包吗?——不,不是。它是Bob的。

考查名词所有格。her她的;Bob’s鲍勃的;Bob鲍勃;him他;根据句意理解可知,这里指代的是“鲍勃的书包”,英语中表达“某人的……”时,要用所有格或者是物主代词,而这里Bob前面没有提到,所以应该用名词所有格的形式,故选B。

17.B

解析:B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意——你喜欢苹果吗?——是的,我喜欢。但是我儿子喜欢西红柿。

考查名词单复数变化。tomatos西红柿,错误形式;tomatoes西红柿,复数形式;tomato 西红柿,单数形式;banana香蕉;根据句意理解及前句的apples可知,这里表达的是喜欢某一类水果,所以这里应该用复数形式表达,所以这里排除C/D选项,而英语中“西红柿”的复数需要加es,所以只有B选项是正确的,故选B。

【点睛】

英语中以o结尾的名词变复数的规律要记住。一般情况下加s,但是有一些词是需要加es 的,有一个口诀是:黑人(Negro)英雄(hero)爱吃西红柿(tomato)和土豆(potato);常用的这四个词以o结尾复数一定要加es,做题时要注意。

18.A

解析:A

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:你能告诉我蝴蝶的生活习性吗?

考查近义词辨析。living名词,生活方式;live动词,住;lives动词的第三人称单数,住(life的复数形式,生命);lived动词的过去式或过去分词,住(形容词,有生命力的)。根据题干中“the ____ habits of the butterflies”可知此处是问蝴蝶的生活习性,用名词living作定语修饰habits。故选A。

19.B

解析:B

【解析】

句意:动物是我们的朋友,我们应该对它们友好。第一空有形容词性物主代词our修饰,故用副词,根据主语animals是复数,故对应的表语用复数名词friends。be friendly to 对……友好,故第二空用形容词friendly,故选B。

20.B

解析:B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:——善待每一个人,即使那些对你不礼貌的人。记住:不是因为他们值得,而是因为你很好。——每个人应该热情待人。

考查祈使句和名词。A. To treat; warmly动词不定式;副词,温暖地;B. Treat; warmth动词原形;名词,温暖;C. Treating; warm动名词;形容词,温暖的。根据句子结构,空一所在的句子没有主语,应为祈使句,所以用动词原形treat开头;空二的词在介词with之后,应为名词warmth,温暖,故选B。

21.B

解析:B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:——这些用英语怎么说?——它们是刀子。

考查介词和名词复数。at在;in在…里面;knives刀子,knife的复数形式。根据介词短语“in English”用英语。可知第一个空填介词“in”;根据选项以及空格前的“are”,可知第二个空格要用复数形式。以f/fe结尾的单数名词,其复数形式一般变化规则是:把f或者fe变成v,再加es。knife是以fe结尾的单词,符合这一规则,故第二个空格应填knife的复数形式knives。故选B。

【点睛】

根据常用的短语有时可以快读排除选项,从而加快我们的解题速度。比如本题,结合介词短语in English,可以快速排除选项A。结合答语中的are,可知第二个空格要填复数形式,根据knife是一个以fe结尾的单词,知道它的复数形式变化规则——把fe变成v,然后再加es。我们就可以得知答案B。

22.C

解析:C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:许多学生将参加运动会,他们的人数超过了300人。

本题考查主谓一致和名词的复数形式。students是复数形式;student是单数形式;are是复数形式;is是第三人称单数形式。a number of“许多”,修饰复数名词,作主语,谓语用复数形式;the number of “……的数量”,修饰复数名词,作主语,谓语用单数形式。故选C。

23.B

解析:B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:事实上,他没有向我们清楚地解释事故的原因。

考查介词辨析。of:……的,构成名词所有格,“the+名词+of+名词”:……的……,the cause of the accident:事故原因;for:为了,对于,给。短语explain sth. to sb.:向某人解析某物。故选B。

24.A

解析:A

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:当国庆节到来的时候,我们有一个七天的假期。

考查名词短语。seven-day七天;seven-days七天,结构错误;seven days七天;根据句意理解可知,空格是用来修饰后面的名词holiday,在句中作定语,而英语中数字和名词用连字符连接起来可以起到一个形容词的作用,在句中作定语可以修饰一个名词,所以这里应该用seven-day带连字符的结构,而带了连字符,名词是不能用复数的,故选A。

【点睛】

英语中“数词-名词”的结构是可以用来作定语,修饰后面的名词的,但是要注意的是,带有“-”时,名词是不能用复数的,这是做题时经常容易忽略做错的地方,一定要格外注意,只要看到“-”,名词就一定不用复数。

25.D

解析:D

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:——这是你的房间?——不,这不是我的房间,这是Sally的房间。

考查代词和名词所有格。my是形容词性物主代词,后需跟名词,而这里没有,所以用名词性物主代词mine,故B、C错误。根据this可知是一个房间,A选项中的Lily’s and Lucy’s

应该改为Lily and Lucy’s表示两人共有,故选D。

【点睛】

如果一样东西为几者所共有,则只需在最后一个人后面加’s;如果这样东西不是大家共有的,则需要在每个人后面加’s,而且此时名词需为复数。

初中英语语法大全——名词

初中英语语法大全——名词 一、名词概述 1.名词的定义 名词是表示人、事物、地点、现象及其他抽象概念等名称的词。英语中的名词有可数名词和不可数名词之分;有其所有格形式;在句子中通常做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语等。 2.名词的分类 名词分为专有名词和普通名词两类。普通名词又分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。个体名词与集体名词多数是可数名词,而物质名词与抽象名词多数是不可数名词。

二、名词的数 名词按照其可数性可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词是指可以直接计算数目的名词。个体名词和集体名词多数是可数名词;不可数名词是指无法直接用数目计算的词。物质名词和抽象名词多数是不可数名词。 1.可数名词的数 在英语中,可以直接用数字进行计算的名词是可数名词,不能直接用数字进行计算的名词是不可数名词。通常个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,视为可数名词;物质名词和抽象名词往往指泛指的物质或者抽象的概念,不能用具体的数字来表示,视为不可数名词。专有名词往往只指一个人或物,因此没有必要再用具体的数字来修饰,一般也视为不可数名词。

eg: I was having dinner at a restaurant. eg: The two children are playing table tennis in the school. eg: Mr.Black gave us some advice on how to learn English well. eg: Paris is the capital of France. ①规则复数变化形式 可数名词在表示两个或两个以上的概念时需要用复数形式。可数名词单数形式变成复数形式的一般规则如下表:

初中英语语法大全知识点总结

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labour 劳动health 健康life 生活friendship友情patience耐力 3. 普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。 可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如: box, child, orange; 不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如:water, news, oil, population, information . 4、英语可数名词的单复数:英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。 1. 规则名词的复数形式:

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