高考第一轮复习——语法复习—不定代词、形容词和副词-北师大版

知识精讲：

一. 教学内容：

不定代词、形容词和副词

二. 具体过程

I. 不定代词

我们所学的不定代词有all，both，each，every，some，any，many，much，（a）few，（a）little，either，neither，other，another，no，none以及含有some-，any-，no-等的合成代词。这些不定代词大都可以用作名词，在句中作主语、宾语、表语，也可以用作形容词，在句子中作定语。

（一）some，any及其合成词的用法。

1. 基本用法

some，any可与单、复数和不可数名词连用。通常some用于肯定句中，而否定句、疑问句和条件句中常用any。

e.g.：I have some interesting books.

There is some water in the bottle.

I don’t have any money.

Were there any sharks in the aquarium?

If I have any apple, I will give you.

2. 特殊用法

在疑问句中，一般不用some，只有当问句表示一种邀请或者请求，或期待一个肯定的回答时才用some。

e. g.：Would you like some more tea？

Can you spare me some time?

（二）all，both的用法

1. all代表或修饰两个以上的人或事物，或不可数的东西。

e.g.：We all like eat potato chips.

All the students in our class went to the zoo.

2. both是指“两者都……”

e.g.：The twins both have long hair.

There are many trees on both sides of the street.

（三）many，much，a lot，a few，few，a little，little这些词都可以表示数量，并且都可以修饰名词。

1. many，a lot，a few，few修饰可数名词；much，a little，little修饰不可数名词。

2. many，much，a lot，a few，a little表示肯定的意思：few，little表示否定的意思。

e.g.：How much relish do we need?

There are a few minutes left, aren’t there?

There is little time left, is there?

II. 形容词和副词

比较等级：英语中的形容词和副词，在表示“更加”和“最”这样的概念时，要用特别的形式，称为比较级和最高级。

原级比较级最高级

young（年轻） younger（比较年轻） the youngest（最年轻）

（一）变化形式如下：

1. 规则变化

一般单音节词和部分双音节词在词尾加-er（比较级）和-est（最高级）

tall

great

fast

near

以不发音的e结尾的单音节词和少数以le结尾的双音节词只在词尾加-r和-st

nice

large

able

late

“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，将词尾的y改为i，再加-er和-est easy

busy

early

重读闭音节词，只有一个辅音字母结尾时，要双写该辅音字母，再加-er，-est

big

hot

thin

部分双音节词和多音节词，在该词前面加more和the most构成比较级和最高级

important

beautiful

slowly

quickly

2. 不规则变化

good好的（adj.）

well健康的（adj.）好（adv.） better (the) best

bad坏的（adj.）

ill有病的（adj.）

badly坏（adv.） worse (the) worst

many多（adj. & adv.）

much多（adj. & adv.） more (the) most

far远（adj. & adv.） farther / further (the) farthest / (the) furthest

little少（adj. & adv.） less (the) least

old老的（adj.） older/elder the oldest/eldest

late迟的，晚的（adj.） later/latter the latest / the latest

（二）形容词和副词比较等级的用法。

形容词和副词比较等级通常分为原形，比较级和最高级三种基本形式，具体而言，

它们分别以下列形式出现在句中：

（1）as +原形+ as 表示“……和……相同”。

My dog is as old as that one.

The jacket is as cheap as that old one.

Is he as busy as before?

（2）比较级+ than 表示“……比……较为……”。

Mary is funnier than Jane.

His brother is younger than me.

（3）the +最高级+ of / in 表示“在……中最为……”。

Tom is the happiest of us all.

Spring is the best season of the year.

（三）需要注意的一些问题。

1. 在形容词和副词比较级前还可以用much，even，far，a lot，still，a little

来修饰，以加强语气。

e.g.：Our city is much more beautiful than yours.

Japan is a little larger than Germany.

Tom runs much faster than me.

2. 表示“大几岁”，“高……”等，句型用“表示数量的词+形容词比较级。”

e.g.：I’m two years older than you.

She is a head taller than me.

3. 表示“越来越……”，句型用“比较级+ and +比较级”。

e.g.：China is more and more beautiful.

The earth is getting warmer and warmer.

4. 表示“是最……之一”句型用“one of the +形容词最高级”。

e.g.：Beijing is one of the busiest cities in China.

One of the most important languages is English.

【模拟试题】（答题时间：20分钟）

一、写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级。

举例：good better best

（1）bad （2）clean （3）dirty

（4）big （5）small （6）ill

（7）little （8）hard （9）happy

（10）far （11）well （12）slow

（13）easy （14）new （15）young

（16）rude （17）quiet （18）dry

（19）cheap （20）ugly （21）busy

（22）old （23）noisy （24）hot

（25）cold （26）fast （27）many

（28）wet （29）early （30）bright

（31）boring （32）careful （33）quietly

（34）expensive （35）difficult （36）interesting

（37）beautiful

二、用所给词的正确形式填空：

1. Your room is very _________. It’s much ________ than mine. It’s ________ of all.（big）

2. —This coat is too ________. （expensive）I don’t have enough money to buy it. I can buy a ________ one than it.

—Sorry, this one is _________ one in the store.（cheap）

3. Tom and Sam are _______ at math than physics. And Tom is ______ at

English in our class.（good）

4. —There are many ________ places in Australia. You may go there to visit them on vocation.

—Thank you. But I think there are many ________ places in Egypt. I want to go there. （beautiful）

5. —Which unit is __________ in Book 2, do you think? Is Unit 12 _________?（difficult）

—I don’t think so. I think it’s a little _________ than Unit 9. （easy）

三、将下列句子译成英文：

1. Sam是个快乐的孩子。他爱学习，对别人很友好。他是班里最受欢迎的学生。

_________________________________________________________________ ______

2. 在中国，北京有最多、最好的电视台。北京也是中国最大的城市之一。

_________________________________________________________________ ______

3. 我们家我很忙，我妈妈比我忙，而我爸爸是最忙的。

_________________________________________________________________ ______

【试题答案】

一、

（1）worse, worst （2）cleaner, cleanest

（3）dirtier, dirtiest （4）bigger, biggest

（5）smaller, smallest （6）worse, worst

（7）less, least （8）harder, hardest

（9）happier, happiest （10）farther, farthest

（11）better, best （12）slower, slowest

（13）easier, easiest （14）newer, newest

（15）younger, youngest （16）ruder, rudest

（17）quieter, quietest （18）drier, driest

（19）cheaper, cheapest （20）uglier, ugliest

（21）busier, busiest （22）older, oldest

（23）noisier, noisiest （24）hotter, hottest

（25）colder, coldest （26）faster, fastest

（27）more, most （28）wetter, wettest

（29）earlier, earliest （30）brighter, brightest （31）more boring, most boring

（32）more careful, most careful

（33）more quietly, most quietly

（34）more expensive, most expensive

（35）more difficult, most difficult

（36）more interesting, most interesting

（37）more beautiful, most beautiful

二、

1. big, bigger, the biggest

2. expensive, cheaper, the cheapest

3. good, the best

4. beautiful, more beautiful

5. the most difficult, the most difficult, easier

三、.

1. Sam is a happy kid. He loves studying and he is friendly to others. He is the most popular student in the class.

2. In China, there are the best and most TV stations in Beijing, Beijing is also one of the biggest cities in China.

3. I’m busy in my family. My mom is busier than me. But my father is the busiest.