2018年人力资源管理师四级考试章节知识点

2018年人力资源管理师四级考试章节知识点
2018年人力资源管理师四级考试章节知识点

第一章

工作岗位研究的原则

(一)系统的原则

所谓系统,就是由若干既有区别又相互依存的要素所组成的,处于一定环境条件中,具有特定结构和功能的有机整体。其中各个要素可以是单个事物,也可以是一组事物构成的小系统。每一系统又可成为一个更大规模系统中的一个子系统。

人类社会是一个大系统,它是由自然资源、人力资源、政治、经济、文化等许多相互依存又相互区别的要素组成的有机整体.社会大系统中又包含许多中系统、小系统和更小系统。一个组织、一个单位甚至一个岗位就是一个系统。它是由这一组织、单位或岗位独立承担的各种各样既有区别又相互依存的工作任务组成的一个有机的统一体。任何一个系统都具有以下四个基本特征:

1.整体性。系统不是各个要素的简单集合,而是各个要素按照同一目的,根据一定规则活动的集合体,它要以整体观念来协调各要素之间的联系,使系统的功能达到最优化。

2.目的性。系统都具有某种特定的目的,为了实现这一目的而具有特定的结构和功能。作为人类社会生活中任何一个系统,总是为了达到一定目的而存在,没有目的性就不可能成为一个系统。决定一个系统并使其区别于其他系统的标志,是它们的基本目的不同。

3.相关性。在系统内部各个要素之间具有某种相互依赖的特定关系,形成一定的结构秩序和运动规律。

4.环境适应性。系统的外部环境总是处在有规律的运动、变化和发展之中,每个系统必然要与环境产生某种物质、精神、能量、信息等方面的交换。因此,人们要研究系统为适应外部环境变化而运动、发展、变化的规律性。

从具体形态来看,系统表现为:(1)自然系统与人造系统。(2)实体系统与概念系统。前者是以矿物、生物、机械、能量等实体构成的系统,后者则是由概念、原理、原则、制度、程序等观念所构成的系统。现实生活中的系统往往是两者的结合。(3)动态系统与静态系统。(4)开放系统与封闭系统。

任何一个完善的组织、单位都是一个相互独立的系统。因此,在工作岗位研究中,应从系统论出发,将每个岗位放在组织系统中,从总体上和相互联系上进行系统性分析研究。

(二)能级的原则

能级是指组织机梅中各个岗位功能的等级,也就是岗位在组织机构这个“管理场”中所具有的能量等级。一个岗位能级的大小,是由它在组织中的工作性质、复杂难易程度、责任大小、任务轻重等因素决定的,功能大的岗位,其能级就高;反之,就低。一般来说,在一个组织系统中,工作岗位能级从高到低,可区分为四大层次:决策层、管理层、执行层和操作层,并呈上小下大的梯形分布状况。

(三)标准化原则

标准化是现代企业人力资源管理的基础,也是有效推行各项管理的重要手段。现代化企业,不仅要实现产品设计、工艺、质量、销售等项生产活动中的标准化,还要促进企业管理的标准化。企业管理的标准化,就是将企业生产经营活动中,需要统一的各种管理事项和概念,制定成标准或具有标准性质的技术文件并加以贯彻实施的活动过程。标准化表现为简化、统一化、通用化、系列化等多种形式和方法。岗位研究的标准化表现为岗位调查、岗位分析、岗位设计、岗位评价和岗位分级五个方面的标准化,包括:岗位研究所涉及的内容、程序、方法、因素、指标的标准化,以及岗位研究的各项工作成果(如工作说明书、岗位培训规范等人事文件)的标准化。

(四)最优化原则

最优化是指在一定约束条件下,使系统的目标函数达到最大值或最小值。最优化的原则不但

体现在工作岗位研究的各项环节上,还反映在岗位研究的具体方法和步骤上。例如,在一个组织系统中,为了实现其总目标和总功能,必须设置一定数目的岗位,而岗位设置的决策应体现最优化原则,即以最低数量的岗位设置,谋求总体的高效化,确保系统目标的实现。再如,岗位评价的方法很多,在具体实施中到底决定采用哪一种岗位评价方法,就需要在一定约束条件下对其具体评价方法进行甄别筛选,从中优选出成本费用较低、效度信度较高的方法。第二章工作岗位调查

(一)工作岗位调查的意义

工作岗位调查是以工作岗位为对象,采用科学的调查方法,收集各种与岗位相关的信息和资料的过程。工作岗位调查的目的是:

1.收集各种相关的数据、资料,以便系统、全面、深入地对岗位进行描述。

2.为改进工作岗位的设计提供信息。

3.为制定各种人事文件(如岗位规范、工作说明书等)、进行岗位分析提供资料。

4.为工作岗位评价与工作岗位分类提供必要的依据。

工作岗位调查是岗位研究的重要组成部分,只有搞好岗位调查,才能准确、全面、系统地占有丰富的原始资料,顺利进行岗位分析和评价,正确地认识岗位的性质和特征,达到岗位研究的目的。深入进行工作岗位调查,是实现工作岗位研究的各项任务,提高岗位分析、评价与分类质量的首要环节和重要保证。

(二)工作岗位调查的内容

1.本岗位工作任务的性质、内容和程序,完成各项任务所需要的时间及其占工作日制度时间的百分比。

2.本岗位的名称、工作地点,担任本岗位员工的职称、职务、年龄、工龄、技术等级、工资等级等。

3.本岗位的责任。

4.承担本岗位的资格、条件。

5.担任本岗位工作所需要的体力。

6.本岗位的工作危险性。

7.本岗位的劳动强度、劳动的姿势、空间、操作的自由度等。

8.本岗位使用的设备和工具的复杂程度。

9.工作条件和劳动环境,如空气流速、温度湿度、噪声、工作地照明、粉尘、有毒有害气体、雾滴、振动、热辐射等。

10.其他需要补充说明的事项。

工作岗位调查方式

(一)面谈

面谈是指为了获得岗位的相关信息,调查人直接与员工见面,调查其所在岗位的情况的方法。通过面谈不仅可以掌握现场观察或书面调查所不能获得的情报和资料,还能进一步证明现有资料的真实性和可靠性。

面谈进行以前,调查人应先拟定调查提纲,列出所有需要调查的事项。面谈时,应按照问题的顺序一一发问,并作详细记录,对被调查人难以回答或故意回避的问题,可暂时中止。面谈选择的对象应尽量广泛一些,不仅要约见主管人员,也要约见一般人员;不仅要

向担任本岗位的人员进行调查,也要向与本岗位有联系的其他人员进行调查,这样才能掌握经常性和非经常性工作的详细情况。此外,在面谈中还应当注意以下几点:

1.尊重被调查人。’即接待要热情,态度要诚恳,用语要适当。

2.根据调查目的布置面谈环境。即营造良好的环境,使被调查人感到轻松,无拘无束地回答提问。

3.面谈中,应允许被调查人长篇大论,直到他自己认为无话可说时为止。调查人可视具体情况,记录下他的发言要点。

4.调查人对重大原则问题,应避免发表个人的观点和看法,做到“引而不发”。

5.面谈中,应避免命令式提问,而采取启发式提问。

(二)现场观测

现场观测是指调查人直接到工作现场进行实地观察和测定的方法。如测时、工作日写实、工作抽样等。现场观测时应注意:

1.对调查的工作事项要多提几个为什么。例如:做什么?如何做?为什么这样做?什么时候做等。

2.调查人应在不引人注意的地方进行观察记录,以防干扰员工的正常工作。

3.为了掌握全面的情况,应选择多处场地对同类岗位(工作)进行观察,可消除员工个体特征对调查结果的影响。

(三)书面调查

书面调查是指利用调查表进行岗位调查的方法。调查表^由专业人员在调查之前设计编制。被调查人接到调查表后,应按调查项目逐一认真填写。书面调查结果的可靠性和准确性,一般受到两个因素的影响:一是调查表本身设计的合理性;二是被调查人文化水平的高低及填写时的诚意、兴趣和态度。一般来说,书面调查应与其他调查方式结合起来使用,才能保证岗位调查资料的完整性和全面性。

进行岗位调查时,采用何种方式应视具体情况而定。在岗位数目较少的企业进行调查时,可采用面谈或现场观测的调查方式。在规模较大、岗位设置繁杂的企业进行调查时,可综合采用上述三种调查方式,如对重要岗位采用面谈、现场观测的调查方式,对一般岗位采用书面调查的方式,对一般岗位的个别不清楚的调查项目采用面谈或现场观测的方式加以复查、更正和补充。

2018年6月大学英语四级考试真题1及答案解析

2018年6月大学英语四级考试真题1及答案解析 (1/1)Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the importance of writing ability and how to develop it. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.____________下一题 (1~2/共7题)Part ⅡListening Comprehension Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Play00:0001:41 Volume 第1题 A.Annoyed. B.Scared. C.Confused. D.Offended. 第2题 A.It crawled over the woman′s hands. B.It wound up on the steering wheel. C.It was killed by the police on the spot. D.It was covered with large scales. 上一题下一题 (3~4/共7题)Part ⅡListening Comprehension Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Play00:0001:57 Volume 第3题 A.A study of the fast-food service. B.Fast food customer satisfaction. C.McDonald′s new business strategies. https://www.360docs.net/doc/b77344520.html,petition in the fast-food industry. 第4题 A.Customers′ higher demands. B.The inefficiency of employees. C.Increased variety of products. D.The rising number of customers.

2018年6月份-英语四级真题答案(完整版)

2018年6月份,英语四级真题答案(完整版)四级听力理解答案 听力新闻第1套 1. A) The return of a bottled message to its owner’s daughter. 2. B) She wanted to honor her father's promise. 3. B) Several cases of Zika disease had been identified. 4. C) It lost a huge stock of bees. 5. A) It stayed in the air for about two hours. 6. C) Inadequate funding. 7. D) It is more environmentally friendly. 听力新闻第2套 1. B) Scared. 2. D) It was covered with large scales. 3. A) A Study of the fast-food service. 4. C) Increased variety of products. 5. C) US government's approval of private space missions. 6. A) Deliver scientific equipment to the moon. 7. B) It is promising.

听力长对话第1套 8. A) It seems a depressing topic. 9. D) They can't make it to the theatre in time. 10. C) It is the most amusing show he has ever watched. 11. B) Go and see the dance. 12. D) She worries she won't fit in as a transfer student. 13. C) Participate in after-school activities. 14. A) Give her help whenever she needs it. 15. D) She has just transferred to the college. 听力长对话第2套 8. D) Lying in the sun on a Thai beach. 9. A) She visited a Thai orphanage. 10. D) His phone is running out of power. 11. C) He collects things from different countries. 12. D) Trying out a new gym in town. 13. C) A discount for a half-year membership. 14. D) The operation of fitness equipment. 15. C) She knows the basics of weight-lifting. 听力篇章第1套 16. B) To find out which physical drive is the most powerful.

2018年12月四级真题(一)解析

Part I Writing(30 minutes) The Challenges of Living in a Big City 【1】With the development of economy and urbanization, the number of cities is constantly increasing in China.【2】While big cities are attracting more and more people, they also bring many challenges,such as traffic jam and pollution,just to name a few.【3】The first problem that really bothers me is the traffic congestion in the rush hour. I hate waiting for buses and being late.Therefore, I have to get up very early if I have an appointment in the morning.【4】Next is that the large population in a big city makes it【5】so crowded that you can't find a peaceful place unless staying at home. The supermarkets are always crowded, so are the cinemas and parks. parks.【6】Another consequence for such a large population is that it intensifies the inadequacy of quality medical and educational resources, thus decreasing residents' sense of happiness. 【7】As a result, although I am frequently asked whether I like to live in a big city or not, my answer is always no, definitely not, How about you? 话题词汇: unsatisfactory不满意的leisure娱乐opportunity机会 fast pace快节奏 pressure压力 lifestyle生活方式 environment环境 urban城市的 health健康 Part III Reading Comprehension Section A 【词性分析】: 名词: A) ability能力;才能; E) control控制;管制;F) damage伤害;损害; M) sources来源;根源;O) vehicles交通工具,车辆 动词:B) associated与…相关;联系;E) control管理;控制;克制;F) damage损害;对……有不良影响G) described描绘,描述; H equals相当于;比得上;) innovated创新,革新;L) relates相联系;把…系起来;M) sources来自……;找出…的来源;N) undermine逐渐削弱 形容词:D) constant持续不断的;始终如一的 副词:C) consciously有意识地,自觉地; 1) exclusively仅仅,唯独;K) regularly经常;定期地 Millions die early from air pollution each year. Air pollution costs the global economy more than $5 trillion annually in welfare costs, with the most serious 26-damage occurring in the developing world. The figures include a number of costs 27-associated with air pollution. Lost income alone amounts to $225 billion a year. 1.die v. 死亡,熄灭; 凋零n.骰子 2.trillion[?tr?lj?n]n. 万亿; 兆adj.万亿的 3.welfare [?welfe?(r)] n. 福利; 幸福; 繁荣; 安宁 4.alone [??l??n] adj. 单独的; 独一无二的; 独自的adv. 单独地; 独自地; 孤独地; 只,只有; The report includes both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Indoor pollution, which includes 28-sources like home heating and cooking, has remaine d 29-constant over the past several decades despite advances in the area. Levels of outdoor pollution have grown rapidly along with rapid growth in industry and transportation. 5.source [s?rs] n. 根源,本源; 源头,水源; 原因v. 来源; 起源; 寻求来源 6.remain [r??men]n.剩余物,残骸; 残余; 遗迹; 遗体v.留下; 保持;依然; 搁置; 剩余,剩下; 逗留 7.constant [?k?nst?nt] adj. 不断的,持续的; 永恒的,始终如一的; 坚定; 忠实的n.常量; 不变的事物

2018年四级考试试卷真题练习

四级考试练习试卷 Writing part 106 The Importance of Speaking Ability and How to Develop It As we all know, proficiency in speaking is necessary for us to become well-rounded communicators. However, the capacity to put words together in a meaningful way to reflect thoughts, opinions, and feelings is not something we're born with but needs some techniques and practice. Firstly, build confidence and concentrate on getting our message across, which help us gain the attention of the audience return. Secondly, experiment with the things we know well instead of challenging ourselves with difficult words since fluency appears more important during oral communication. Lastly, create some opportunities to practice like narrating our daily life to ourselves or maintaining a regular chat with friends. To sum up, only by being confident enough and using efficient methods can we enhance our speaking ability. Follow the steps to improve our speaking skills in order to achieve a higher standard in communication. The Importance of Writing Ability and How toDevelop It As the most productive and communicative way toexpress ourselves, writing i s attached greatimportance in all ages. Whether we want to improveour writin g skills as a creative writer or simplyperfect our skills for schoolwork, we can t ake somesteps to learn how to be a better writer. Firstly, in order to make our writing creative and imaginative, brainstorming is one of the keyelements to build up a unique topic. Don't hesitate to take dow n all the ideas that come intoour mind. Secondly, a good development of our writing is based on a clear structure orparagraph organization. Even a simple outline will help us see the big picture and save ushours of rewriting. Finally, diversity of vocabulary and grammar used in writing is highlyrecommended fo r the reason that one of the most common manifestations of bad writing isove ruse or reuse of simple language. To sum up, we should take practice and expand our knowledge to become a g reat writer. Withenough hard work and scientific techniques, we will amaze no t only ourselves but also anybodyelse. The Importance of Reading Ability and How toDevelop It As the most frequently used way to get access to theoriginal material, reading has always beenconsidered one of the most important parts oflanguage learn ing. This explains why reading skillsshould be highly emphasized. Then how to improve our reading skills? First of all, scan the material before we begin. Whatever the purpose of our reading is, take a few minutes to look the piece over to checkand see how the work is structured and presented. Se condly, try not to reach for the dictionarywhen we come to a word we don't k

2018年英语四级真题及答案解析

2018年6月大学英语四级真题(第2套) Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to write a shor t essay on the importance of writing ability and how to develop it.You should write at l east 120 words but no more than180 words. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the q uestions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just hear d. 1. A) Annoyed. B) Scared. C) Confused. D) Offended. 2. A) It crawled over the woman's hands. B) It wound up on the steering wheel. C) It was killed by the police on the spot. D) It was covered with large scales. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just hear d. 3. A) A study of the fast-food service. B) Fast food customer satisfaction. C) McDonald's new business strategies. D) Competition in the fast-food industry. 4. A) Customers' higher demands. B) The inefficiency of employees.

2018年12月英语四级考试参考答案(全三套)

2018年12月英语四级考试参考答案(全三套) 第一套 听力原文 News 1 A device that weighs less than one kilogram is part of a mission that will allow scientists to deliver fourth generation or 4G mobile coverage to the moon in 2019. If successful, the tiny device will provide the moon with its first ever mobile phone network. The lunar network will support high definition streaming of video and data between the moon and earth. The network is part of a mission to the moon. This is a project with the goal of landing the first privately paid for mission to the moon. The 4G mission is set to launch from Cape Canaveral in the United States on a space X Falcon 9 rocket in 2019. Mission to the moon intends to establish and test the first elements of a communications network on the moon. The scientists working on the project opted to build a 4G rather than a fifth generation or 5G network. This is because fifth generation networks are still in testing and trial phases. This means that a 5G network may not yet be stable enough to work on the moon’s surface. Question 1: What are scientists planning to do? Question 2: Why did scientists choose to set up a 4G network in their mission? News 2 It’s responded to a fire Wednesday night at an abandoned mall in Heywood. The fire was reported at 9:26 pm at an old shopping center on Michigan Avenue near St. Mary’s Church. Six fire engines, two trucks and two chiefs responded to the scene. Crews had the fire under control in about 45 minutes and managed to contain the fire to its point of origin. There were some people inside the building when the fire broke out but there were no reports of any injuries. Fire investigators have responded to the scene but have not yet determined the cause of the fire. Firefighters will remain on the scene until later this morning to ensure that the fire

2018年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及答案(第二套)

目录 2018年6月大学英语四级真题试题二(完整版) (1) 答案 (16) 2018年6月大学英语四级真题试题二(完整版) Part I Writing(30minutes) (请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分,之后将进行听力考试) Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write an a short easy on the importance of speaking ability and how to develop it.You should write at least120words but no more than180words. Part II Listening Comprehension(25minutes) Section A Directions:In this section,you will hear three news reports.At the end of each news report,you will hear two or three questions.Both the news report and questions will be spoken only once.After you hear questions,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre. 注意:此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 Questions1to2are based on the new report you have just heard. 1.A)Annoyed.C)Confused. B)Scared.D)Offended. 2.A)It crawled over the woman’s hands. B)It wound up on the steering wheel. C)It was killed by the police on the spot. D)It was covered with large scales.

2018年大学英语四级真题答案及解析

2018年6月大学英语四级真题(第1套) Part?I? Writing? (30?minutes) Directions:?For?this?part,?you?are?allowed?30minutes?to?write?a?short?essay?on? the?importance of?reading?ability?and?how?to?develop?it.?You?should?write?at?least?120?wor ds?but?no?more?than180?words. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Part?II ?Listening?Comprehension? (25?minutes) Section?A Directions:?In?this?section,?you?will?hear?three news?reports.?At?the?end?of?each?news?report,?you will?hear?two?or?three?questions.?Both?the?news?report?and?the?questions?wil l?be?spoken?only once.?After?you?hear?a?question,?you?must?choose?the?best?answer?from?the?fo ur?choices marked?A),?B),?C)?and?D).?Then?mark?the?corresponding?letter?on?Answer?Sheet ?1?with?a single?line?through?the?centre. Questions?1?and?2?are?based?on?the?news?report?you?have?just?heard. 1.A)?The?return?of?a?bottled?message?to?its?owner's?daughter. B)?A?New?Hampshire?man's?joke?with?friends?on?his?wife. C)?A?father's?message?for?his?daughter. D)?The?history?of?a?century-old?motel. 2.?A)?She?wanted?to?show?gratitude?for?his?kindness. B)?She?wanted?to?honor?her?father's?promise. C)?She?had?been?asked?by?her?father?to?do?so. D)?She?was?excited?to?see?her?father's?handwriting. Questions?3?and?4?are?based?on?the?news?report?you?have?just?heard. 3.?A)?People?were?concerned?about?the?number?of?bees. B)?Several?cases?of?Zika?disease?had?been?identified. C)?Two?million?bees?were?infected?with?disease. D)?Zika?virus?had?destroyed?some?bee?farms. 4.?A)?It?apologized?to?its?customers.? B)?It?was?forced?to?kill?its?bees. C)?It?lost?a?huge?stock?of?bees. D)?It?lost??million?dollars.

2018年年12月大学英语四级真题完整版(第2套).doc

2018年12月大学英语四级真题完整版(第1套) Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of starting a career after graduation. You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words. PartⅡListening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and then questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. A) A man was pulled to safety after a building collapse. B) A beam about ten feet long collapsed to the ground C) A rescue worker got trapped in the basement D) A deserted 100-year-old building caught fire 2. A)He suffered a fatal injury in an accident. B) He once served in a fire department. C) He was collecting building materials. D) He moved into his neighbor's old house. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard. 3. A) Improve the maths skills of high school teachers. B) Change British people’s negative view of maths C) Help British people understand their paychecks. D) Launch a campaign to promote maths teaching. 4. A) Children take maths courses at an earlier age. B) The public sees the value of maths in their life. C) British people know how to do elementary calculations D) Primary school teachers understand basic maths concepts. Questions 5 and 6 are based on the news report you have just heard. 5. A) He owns a fleet of aircraft. B) He is learning to be a pilot. C) He regards his royal duties as a burden.

2018年四级-英语四级试卷答案(全套)

2018年四级,英语四级试卷答案(全套) Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the importance of writing ability and how to develop it. You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words. 【参考范文】 No body could deny that writing is one of the basic abilities for men. Put it another way, it is unlikely to imagine human civilization without writing ability. At the top of the list, if we overlook the significance of writing ability, we will suffer a great difficulty in our daily written communication. In addition to what has been mentioned above, it is advisable for us to attach importance tothis abilitybecause writing plays a key in our academic performance. To summarize,writing does carry a positive implication for our life and study. In view of the great value of writing ability, we should take actions to develop this capability. For my part, initially, we are supposed to keep in mind that reading is the first step of writing, so we should read great books as many as possible, learning from the great works how to write concisely and effectively. Moreover, owing to the fact that practice makes perfect, we should frequently practice writing; for example, we may develop the habit of keeping a diary. PartⅡ Listening Comprehension ( 25 minutes) } SectionA Directions:In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and then questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre. Questions l and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.

相关文档
最新文档