2020年整理美国文学复习提纲.pdf

1A narratives B journals

2their voyage to the new land adapting themselves to unfamiliar climates and crops

about dealing with Indians guide to the new land, endless bounty, invitation to bold spirit

3Puritans want to make up pure their religious beliefs and practices.wish to restore simplicity to church services and the authority of the Bible to theology.

look upon themselves as a chosen people, and it follow logically that anyone who challenged their way of life is opposing God’s will and is not to be accepted.

Puritan opposition to pleasure and the arts sometimes has been exaggerated.

religious teaching tended to emphasize the image of a wrathful God.

4John Cotton and Roger Williams

John Cotton was much more concerned with authority than with democracy.

Williams begins the history of religious toleration in America.

5Williams Toleration did not stem from a lack of religious convictions. Instead, it sprang from the idea that simply to be virtuous in conduct and devout in belief did not give anyone the right to force belief on others. He also felt that no political order or church system could identify itself directly with God.

6Anne Bradstreet

7the best of Puritan poets is Edward Taylor.

1The war for Independence ended in the formation of a Federative bourgeois democratic republic – the

United States of America.

1Benjamin Franklin .

Poor Richard’s Almanac annual collection of proverbs

It soon became the most popular book of its kind, largely because of Franklin’s shrewd humor, and first

spread his reputation.

Found the Junto, a club for informal discussion of scientific, economic and political ideas.

established America’s first circulating library, founded the college University of Pennsylvania.

first applied the terms “positive” and “negative” to electrical charges.

As a representative of the Colonies, he tried in vain to counsel the British toward policies that would let America grow and flourish in association with England. He conducted the difficult negotiations with France that brought financial and military support for

America in the war.

As an author he had power of expression, simplicity, a subtle humor, sarcastic.

Autobiography18

2Thomas Paine .“Great Commoner of Mankind”

famous pamphlet “Common Sense”it boldly advocated a “Declaration for Independence”, and brought the separatist agitation to a crisis. “”

American Crisis, si gned “Common Sense”.

P31

3Thomas Jefferson .

drafted the Declaration of Independence.

All Men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness.

4Philip Freneau .poet and political journalist

perhaps the most outstanding writer of the post-Revolutionary period.

has been called the “Father of American Poetry”

1environment shaped by their New World environment

array of ideas inherited from the romantic traditions of Europe.