2020-2021全国各地备战高考英语分类：阅读理解综合题汇编及答案解析

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

The Art Institute of Chicago

Visiting time

The museum is open daily 10:30 am-5:00 pm. The museum and its shops are closed on Thanksgiving Day, Christmas Day, and New Year's Day.

Highlights of the Art Institute

American Art

Discover how artists have expressed the many aspects of the American experience through the rich variety of this collection. This tour might include the works of artists like Paul Revere, Winslow Homer, and Georgia O'Keeffe.

Impressionism: Monet, Degas, Renoir and More

Learn about the color and excitement of late 19th-century life as you view one of the most admired collections of French Impressionism in the world.

Hidden Histories

Hear stories about artists and their artworks that may be overlooked or under-appreciated for one reason or another These could be very small or out-of-the-way works.

For families with children

With free admission for kids under 14 and Chicago teens under 18, the Art Institute is the perfect place for a creative outing with the whole family.

Visit the Family Room in the Ryan Education Center, and introduce your children to the museum's collections with a variety of activities. Assemble (组装)puzzles based on masterpieces in the museum, build architectural wonders with colorful blocks, and learn about art through stories and games. Food is available at an on-site cafe. (Outside food is not allowed to be brought in.)

（1）What can visitors learn from Hidden Histories?

A. The early stories of some famous artists.

B. The artworks of some potential artists.

C. Some stories about less-known artists.

D. Some artworks by famous creators.

（2）What can children do in the Family Room?

A. Practice storytelling skills.

B. Decorate some masterpieces.

C. Enjoy their home-made food.

D. Take part in various activities.

【答案】（1）C

（2）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了芝加哥美术馆的参观时间、美术馆的亮点、隐藏的历史，同时还有针对有孩子的家庭的活动。

（1）考查细节理解。根据Hidden Histories部分中的“Hear stories about artists and their artworks that may be overlooked or under-appreciated for one reason or another.”，参观者可以了解到一些被忽视的、被低估的鲜为人所知的艺术家的故事和作品。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据 For families with children部分中的”…… introduce your children to

the museum's c ollections with a variety of activities …“可知，在这里孩子们能参加各种各样的活动。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

The Outdoor City Adventure Book Festival

For one week in July, Sheffield Central Library becomes the center of adventure in the Outdoor City. Check out some of the events. Most of them are free but early booking is recommended.

July 10

Bee Quest - A Hunt for the World's Most Elusive (难以捕捉的) Bees Central library Carpenter Room, 7:00-8:30pm.

A hunt for the world's most elusive bees leads Professor Dave Goulson from Poland to Patagonia, deep into the Ecuadorian Jungle. He also explores closer to home.

Among secret places hidden right under our noses and through his scientific expertise (专业知识), shows us that beauty hides in the most surprising places.

July 11

Clarion Call: A Heartfelt Tribute to Sheffield's Access Pioneers

Central library Carpenter Room, 10:30-11:30am.

Well-known walker, activist and campaigner, Terry Howard takes us back a hundred years and shares the story of the role Sheffielders played in the first fights for our right to freely walk on the Peak District moors (旷野). The Clarion Ramblers is thought to be the first working class walking club. This is the story of their important role in gaining us the access we all enjoy today.

July 12

The Wainwrights in Color Central Library Carpenter Room, 1:30-2:30pm.

Inspired by the work of the great Alfred Wainwright, over 10 years Andy Beck has reproduced in watercolor all 1, 500 pictures drawn in A Pictorial Guide to the Lakeland Fells. Andy speaks about how the scenes in the Lake District have changed during the last 50 years.

July 13

Craft (制作) Your Own Adventure Journal-A Workshop Central Library Reading Room, 2:00-3:00 pm,￡5.

Learn paper craft techniques to make your own beautiful travel journal. Get advice from our expert tutor on using old photos adventures and holidays.

Collecting stories and memories from your.

（1）Which event should you choose if you're interested in bees?

A. Bee Quest.

B. Clarion Call.

C. The Wainwrights in Color.

D. Craft Your Own Adventure Journal.

（2）What day is the right time to share the story of Sheffielders?

A. July 10.

B. July 11.

C. July 12.

D. July 13.

（3）What is special about Craft Your Own Adventure Journal?

A. It lasts the longest.

B. It needs reservation.

C. It calls for admission charges.

D. It offers the most interesting stories.

【答案】（1）A

（2）B

（3）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了几个户外城市探险书展。在七月的一个星期里，谢菲尔德中央图书馆成为户外城市的冒险中心。这些事件，大部分都是免费的，但建议大家要提前预订。

（1）考查细节理解。根据 July 10部分中的”Bee Quest - A Hunt for the World's Most Elusive (难以捕捉的) Bees Central library Carpenter Room“,可知，Bee Quest中可寻找世界上最难以捉摸的蜜蜂，如果你对蜜蜂感兴趣，可以到Bee Quest，故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据July 11 部分中的”Central libr ary Carpenter Room,... This is the story of their important role in gaining us the access we all enjoy today"可知，在7月11日的Clarion Call是分享谢菲尔德故事的最佳时机。故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据July 13部分中的个"Craft (制作) Your Own Adventure Journal-A Workshop Central Library Reading Room, 2:00-3:00pm, ￡5."可知，在这个活动中，要收取费用5英镑。而上文其他的活动中都不收取费用，这是这个活动与其他不同之处，故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

The negative (负面的) health effects of sleep shortages during the week can't be changed by marathon weekend sleep sessions, according to a new study.

Researchers have long known that routine sleep deprivation (缺乏) can cause weight gain and increase other health risks, including diabetes. But there are still some people who hope that shutting off the alarm on Saturday and Sunday will repay the weekly sleep debt and remove any ill effects.

The research, published in Current Biology, ruins those hopes. Despite complete freedom to sleep in and nap during a weekend recovery period, participants in a sleep laboratory who were limited to five hours of sleep on weekdays gained nearly three pounds over two weeks and experienced metabolic disruption (代谢紊乱) that would increase their risk for diabetes over the long term. While weekend recovery sleep had some benefits after a single week of inadequate sleep, those gains were wiped out when people returned right to their same sleep schedule the next Monday.

"If there are benefits of catch-up sleep, they're gone when you go back to your routine. It's very short-lived," said Kenneth Wright, who led the research. "These health effects are long-term. It's kind of like smoking once was — people would smoke and wouldn't see an immediate effect on their health, but people will say now that smoking is not a healthy lifestyle choice. I think sleep is in the early stage of where smoking used to be."

Wright said that the study suggests people should prioritize sleep — cutting out the optional "sleep stealers" such as watching television shows or spending time on electronic equipment.

Even when people don't have a choice about losing sleep due to child-care responsibilities or job schedules, they should think about prioritizing sleep in the same way they would think about a healthy diet or exercise.

（1）What had the researchers already known before doing the new research?

A. The actual benefits of weekend recovery sleep.

B. Harm to health caused by the lack of routine sleep.

C. People's habit of shutting off the alarm during holidays.

D. The relationship between body weight and sleep amount.

（2）Kenneth Wright mentioned smoking to _________.

A. call on smokers to completely abandon smoking

B. advise people to go to sleep when they want to smoke

C. show people have known the harm brought by smoking

D. show people will someday notice the bad effects of sleep deprivation

（3）What does the underlined word "prioritize" probably mean?

A.Have a low opinion of something.

B.Increase the amount of something.

C.Cut down something that isn't necessary any more.

D.Treat something as being more important than others.

（4）What can be the best title for the text?

A.Weekend Catch-up Sleep Is a Lie

B.Bad Sleep Habits Are Harmful to Health

C.A New Study Has an Unexpected Discovery

D.Advantages and Disadvantages of Catch-up Sleep

【答案】（1）B

（2）D

（3）D

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，作者通过一项研究与对比举例的方法让大家明白周末马拉松式的“补觉”并不能扭转工作日睡眠不足对健康的负面影响。人们应该把睡眠放在优先地位。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Researchers have long known that routine sleep deprivation (缺乏) can cause weight gain and increase other h ealth risks, including diabetes”研究人员很早就知道长期的睡眠缺乏会导致体重增加和像糖尿病这样的健康风险，可知，人们很早就知道长期睡眠不足会给身体带来的危害。故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第四段中Kenneth Wright说的最后两句话可知：长期睡眠不足给健康造成的危害是长期的，就像曾经的抽烟习惯一样——人们抽烟，没有看到立即的效应，但是现在人们会说抽烟是不健康的生活方式。睡眠不足就像是早期的抽烟一样。也就是说作者用这个比喻是想让大家知道终究会有一天人们会注意到睡眠不足带来的坏处。故选D。

（3）考查词义猜测。划线单词后有一个破折后，起解释说明的作用。由破折后的句意：

减少不必要的“睡眠小偷”式行为，比如看电视节目或者花时间在电子设备上。可知，我们需要把睡眠放在优先的地位。也就是说要把睡眠看的比看电视节目、看电子设备等等这些行为更重要。故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。第一段就说明了文章中心。第一段段意为：一项发人深省的新研究表明，周末马拉松式的“补觉”并不能扭转工作日睡眠不足对健康的负面影响。也就是说周末的补觉是一个谎言。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

When HarmonyOs, the Chinese self-developed operating system for Huawei mobile devices, was released on Aug 9, it quickly became a hot topic on social media. Many believe it not only represents the rise of the country as a tech power, but also shows respect to classical Chinese culture by naming the system "Hongmcng" in Chinese.

"Hongmeng" is a classical word from Zhuangzi. In the ancient times of Chinese legend and myths (神话),"Hongmeng" was used to describe the original state of the universe before matter existed. For HarmonyOS, "Hongmeng" indicates the developers' aim to make an innovative operating system, unlike any other.

Besides "Hongmeng'", Hunwei has also registered many of its products under the names of legendary creatures from Chinese myths. For example, the company's Kirin mobile chip got its name after a lucky monster called "Qilin". And its server chip is calked "Kunpeng", a creature that changed from a fish into a giant bird.

Many Chinese Internet users and media have praised Huawei's use of these names," as they stand for Chinese wisdom and ancient people's imagination and spirit of exploration", Global Times noted.

In fact, Huawei is not alone in using traditional culture for modern ventures. Ne Zha, the new film, also portrays traditional culture in a modern context. The movie is loosely based on the well-known work of classical Chinese myth The Investiture of the Gods. Earlier this month it became the biggest animated movie in China and was called "the glory of domestic anime (国产动漫)".

Indeed, the long history and splendid classic works have given China a profound culture. Myths and legends are the creative works of tremendous imagination. As Global Times put it, today by revisiting a modern context, "ancient myths has the power to inspire imagination in young people". After all, imagination is the beginning of creation.

（1）What do we know about HamonyOS?

A. Its release raised a storm of objections.

B. It is named after creature in myth.

C. It combines high technology and culture.

D. It's the best operating system.

（2）Which of the following best explains "innovative" underlined in Paragraph 2?

A. creative

B. modern

C. popular

D. intelligent

（3）How do the public think of Huawei's use of the names?

A. Confused.

B. Unexpected.

C. Approving.

D. Doubtful.

（4）What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?

A. The film Ne Zha is not adapted from myths.

B. The film Ne Zha is a big hit.

C. More businesses follow Huawei's lead.

D. Ancient myths is a good choice for entertainment.

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）C

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，中国自主研发的华为移动设备被命名为"Hongmeng"，体现了现代技术和中国文化的结合。作者对这一命名进行了阐释。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"Many believe it not only represents the rise of the country as a tech power, but also shows respect to classical Chinese culture by naming the system ’Hongmeng ‘ in Chinese"可知，许多人认为，它不仅代表了中国作为科技大国的崛起，而且通过将该系统命名为"Hongmcng"来表达对中国古典文化的尊重。由此可知，在很多人看来，它将科技和文化结合在了一起。故选C。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的"’Hongmeng‘indicates the developers' aim to make an innovative operating system, unlike any other"可知，"Hongmeng"与其他操作系统不一样，由此可知，该操作系统是"创新性的"。故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的"Many Chinese Internet users and media have praised Huawei's use of these names"可知，公众表扬这个名字。由此可知，他们是赞成这个名字的。故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的"Earlier this month it became the biggest animated movie in China and was called 'the glory of domestic anime (国产动漫)'"可知，本月早些时候，《哪吒》成为了中国最大的动画电影，被称为"国产动画的荣耀"。由此可知，《哪吒》这部电影非常成功。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

DNA analysis has revealed family relationships between more than 10 generations of Stone Age people at megalithic (巨石的) tombs in Ireland and Sweden.

The evidence suggests that megaliths, prehistoric large stone structures, sometimes acted as graves for family groups in northwestern Europe thousands of years ago. The latest findings throw new light on the origins and social structure of the groups that built megaliths in this region—a history that has long been hidden in mystery.

For their study, the international team of researchers analyzed the genomes—the complete set of genetic material in a cell—of 24 Stone Age individuals from five megalithic burial sites in Ireland, Scotland and Gotland, a large Swedish island in the Baltic Sea.

This analysis showed that many of the individuals buried at each megalith, who all lived between 3,800 B.C. and 2,600 B.C., according to radiocarbon-dating of their remains, were closely related via family ties.

The results also showed that the individuals buried at the megaliths were related to Neolithic farmers in northern and western Europe but genetically distinct from other hunter-gatherers. This was particularly noticeable at the Ansarve site on the island of Gotland.

"The people buried in the Ansarve tomb are remarkably different on a genetic level compared to the individuals dug out from hunter-gather contexts, showing that the burial tradition in this megalithic tomb, which lasted for over 700 years, was performed by distinct groups with roots in the European Neolithic expansion," Magdalena Fraser, co-first author from Uppsala University, said in the statement.

（1）What's the significance of the new findings?

A. It reveals the family ties between people in Ireland and Sweden.

B. It implies that many people buried in the tombs were closely related.

C. It indicates the long-hidden mystery concerning DNA analysis.

D. It suggests that the megaliths became tombs thousands of years ago.

（2）How did the researchers reach their findings?

A.By interviewing individuals.

B.By travelling to different regions.

C.By analyzing genes.

D.By studying the burial sites.

（3）Which is true according to the latest findings?

A.Some people buried in the tombs were related to farmers.

B.Few people buried in the tombs were genetically different.

C.All the people buried at megaliths had family relationships.

D.People buried in the Ansarve tomb were dug out 700 years later.

（4）What's the main idea of this passage?

A.Megaliths served as tombs thousands of years ago.

B.People buried at the megaliths were recently analyzed.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/b95706745.html,test findings shed light on a mystery about burials.

D.Stone-Age people in Ireland and Sweden had close ties.

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，最新一项发现显示石器时代的爱尔兰人和瑞典人可能存在亲属关系。研究人员通过分析来自爱尔兰、苏格兰和位于波罗的海的瑞典格特兰岛的5个巨石墓葬遗址的24个石器时代个体的基因组。发现，每座巨石下埋葬着许多人，他们都生活在公元前3800年至公元前2600年之间根据他们遗体的放射性碳年代测定，他们的血缘关系非常密切。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“DNA analysis has revealed family relationships

between more than 10 generations of Stone Age people at megalithic (巨石的) tombs in Ireland and Sweden.”可知DNA分析揭示了爱尔兰和瑞典巨石墓群10多代人之间存在家庭关系。这项新发现意味着埋葬在坟墓里的许多人是近亲。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“For their study, the international team of researchers analyzed the genomes”可知研究人员是通过分析基因组得出这项发现的，故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“T he results also showed that the individuals buried at the megaliths were related to Neolithic farmers in northern and western Europe”可知埋葬在巨石阵中的人与北欧和西欧的新石器时代农民有关，故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“DNA analysis has revealed family relationships between more than 10 generations of Stone Age people at megalithic (巨石的) tombs in Ireland and Sweden.”以及文章主要内容可知文章中心内容主要围绕着石器时代的爱尔兰人和瑞典人有密切联系展开。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

By analyzing the fossilized teeth of some of our most ancient ancestors, a team of scientists led by the universities of Bristol (UK) and Lyon (France) have discovered that the first humans significantly breastfed their infants (婴儿) for longer periods than their contemporary relatives.

The results, published in the journal Science Advances, provide a first insight into the practice of weaning (断奶)that remain otherwise unseen in the fossil record.

The team sampled minute amounts from nearly 40 fossilized teeth of our South African fossil relatives, early Homo, Paranthropus robustus and Australopithecus africanus. They measured the proportions of their stable calcium isotopes (同位素）in the tooth enamel(牙釉质), which are a function of the mother milk intake by infants. They show that early Homo offspring(后代) was breastfed in significant proportions until the age of around three to four years, which likely played a role in the apparition of traits that are specific to human lineage(血统), such as the brain development.

In contrast, infants of Paranthropus robustus, that became extinct around one million years ago and were a more robust species in terms of dental anatomy, as well as infants of Australopithecus africanus, stopped drinking sizeable proportions of mother milk in the course of the first months of life.

These differences in nursing behaviors likely come with major changes in the social structures of groups as well as the time between the birth of one child and the birth of the next.

One of the study's lead authors, Dr Theo Tacail said: "The practice of weaning -- the duration of breastfeeding, age at non-milk food introduction and the age at cessation of suckling -- differs among the modern members of the hominid family which includes humans and modern great apes: orangutan, gorillas, chimpanzees and bonobos.

The development of such behavioral differences likely played major roles in the evolution of the members of human lineage, being associated for instance with size and structure of social

groups, brain development.

However, getting insights into these behavioral changes from fossils that are millions of years old is a challenge and, so far, little evidence allow discussing nursing practices in these fossil species.

The findings stress the need for further exploration of calcium stables isotopes compositions in the fossil record in order to understand the co-evolution of weaning practices with other traits such as brain size or social behaviors."

https://www.360docs.net/doc/b95706745.html,/first-human-ancestors-breastfed-for-longer-than-contemporary-relatives/

https://https://www.360docs.net/doc/b95706745.html,/releases/2019/08/190829115427.htm

（1）What do we know the findings of the team?

A. It takes the lead in focusing on Practice weaning.

B. It has disclosed the link between the weaning practice and other traits.

C. It is evident that nursing practice is associated with behavioral changes.

D. It's contemporary humans that spend more time breastfeeding their infants.

（2）What does the underlined phrase "such behavioral differences" in Paragraph 7 most probably refer to?

A. Differences in the calcium isotope in the teeth.

B. Differences in the social structure of groups.

C. Differences in the practice of weaning.

D. Differences in the change of behaviors.

（3）What does the passage mainly talk about?

A. The evolution of human lineage.

B. The possible influence of nursing behaviors.

C. The exploration of compositions in the fossil.

D. The function of mother milk at the age of infants.

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

（3）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，通过对祖先牙齿化石的研究，科学家们发现第一批用母乳喂养婴儿的人类比同时代的其他的近亲在时间上要长很多，而这种育幼差异可能在人类进化中扮演了重要角色，比如大脑发育和社会群体方面。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“The results, published in the journal Science Advances, provide a first insight into the practice of weaning ”可知这项研究结果发表在《科学进展》杂志上，为断奶行为提供了第一手资料，而这在化石记录中是看不到的。故选A。

（2）考查句义猜测。根据第六段中的“The practice of weaning -- the duration of breastfeeding, age at non-milk food introduction and the age at cessation of suckling -- differs among the modern members of the hominid family which includes humans and modern great apes: orangutan, gorillas, chimpanzees and bonobos.”可知现代人和古代人的断奶行为不同，而且人类和猩猩以及猿猴在断奶的时间上是不同的，即不同时代/不同物种的断奶行为是有差异的，而画线部分的such 就是指上文提到的内容。故选C。

（3）考查主旨大意。根据第七段中的“The development of such behavioral differences … in the evolution of the members of human lineage, being associated for instance with size and structure of social groups, brain development.”可知，这种行为差异的发展可能在人类血统成员的进化中扮演了重要角色，例如与社会群体的大小和结构，大脑的发展有关。所以短文主要是关于育幼行为可能带来的影响。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，句义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

If you wear glasses, chances are you are smarter. Research published in the famous British journal Nature Communications has found that people who displayed higher levels of intelligence were almost 30 percent more likely to wear glasses.

The scientists studied the genes of thousands of people between the ages of 16 and 102.The study showed intelligence can be connected to physical characteristics. One characteristic was eyesight. In out of 10 people who were more intelligent, there was a higher chance they needed glasses. Scientists also said being smarter has other benefits. It is connected to better health.

It is important to remember these are connections which are not proven causes. Scientists call this correlation. Just because something is connected to something else does not mean one of those things caused the other. And it's worth noting that what constitutes intelligence is subjective and can be difficult, if not impossible, to measure.

Forget genes though. Plenty of proof shows wearing glasses makes people think you are more intelligent, even if you do not need glasses. A number of studies have found people who wear glasses are seen as smarter, hard-working and honest. Many lawyers use this idea to help win their cases. Lawyer Harvey Solves explained this. Glasses soften their appearance. He said sometimes there has been a huge amount of proof showing that people he was defending broke the law. He had them wear glasses and they weren't found guilty.

Glasses are also used to show someone is intelligent in movies and on TV. Ideas about people who wear glasses have begun to shift. People who do not need glasses sometimes wear them for fashion only. They want to look worldly or cool. But not everyone is impressed by this idea, though. GQ magazine said people who wear glasses for fashion are trying too hard to look smart and hip (时髦的). However, that hasn't stopped many celebrities from happily wearing glasses even if they do not need them. Justin Bieber is just one high-profile fan of fashion glasses.

（1）What does the new study show?

A. People wearing glasses are smarter.

B. People wearing glasses are healthier.

C. Wearing glasses can make people cleverer.

D. Wearing glasses is associated with higher IQ.

（2）What does the underlined word in Paragraph 3 mean?

A. Shift.

B. Link.

C. Proof.

D. Consequence.

（3）Why do some lawyers ask their clients to wear glasses in court?

A. Because it can create a moral image.

B. Because it can mislead the witnesses.

C. Because it can highlight clients' qualities.

D. Because it can prove the clients' innocence.（4）What is the general attitude to those who wear glasses for fashion?

A. Positive.

B. Negative.

C. Mixed

D. Indifferent.

【答案】（1）D

（2）B

（3）A

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了研究发现戴眼镜和高智商有关，文章还指出有些人只是为了追求时尚而戴眼镜。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“The study showed intelligence can be connected to physical characteristics. One characteristic was eyesight. In out of 10 people who were more intelligent, there was a higher chance they needed glasses.”可知，研究表明，智力与身体特征有关，其中一个特征就是视力，在10个更聪明的人中，他们需要眼镜的几率更高，也就是说戴眼镜与高智商有关，故选D。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“Just because something is connected to something else does not mean one of those things caused the other.”可知，仅仅因为某物与其他事物相联系并不意味着其中一个事物导致了另一个事物，这是对画线词的解释说明，因此此处是说重要的是要记住这些都是没有被证实的原因的联系，科学家称之为相关性，由此可知画线词词义为“相关联、联系”，故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“A number of studies have found people who wear glasses are seen as smarter, hard-working and honest. Many lawyers use this idea to help win their cases. Lawyer Harvey Solves explained this. Glasses soften the ir appearance.”可知，许多研究发现，戴眼镜的人被视为更聪明、更勤奋、更诚实，眼镜使他们看起来更温和，许多律师利用这个想法来帮助他们赢得官司，可知，一些律师让他们的当事人在法庭上戴眼镜是因为戴上眼镜有助于塑造一个道德的形象，故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“People who do not need glasses sometimes wear them for fashion only. They want to look worldly or cool. But not everyone is impressed by this idea, though.”可知，不需要眼镜的人有时戴眼镜只是为了时尚，他们想显得酷一些，但并不是每个人都对这个想法印象深刻，可知，对于那些追求时尚而戴眼镜的人来说，人们的态度是既有人支持也有人反对，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

The founder of electric supercar maker Rimac has said it won't make sense for people to own or drive their own cars in the coming decades.

According to Rimac, most people will no longer own or operate their own cars in the future. Instead, vehicles will be shared, self—driving and electric. These changes are already starting.

"There will be people who still want to own their cars and drive their cars and I am happy for that because that is our business," Rimac said. "Long term, I think 20 years down the road, it will be totally changed and people will not own or drive their cars anymore." Rimac's most recent car, the C—Two, comes off the production line next year.

Rimac is well aware the industry is changing quickly due to the rise of self-driving vehicles and electric batteries, and says in the next 20 years driving as we know it may exist mainly as a hobby. "I really believe that humanity goes for things that make sense." he told Newsweek. "If you look at 1.3 million people dying every year on the roads, if you look at the impact it has on economies based on traffic jams and time lost, it's so much of a negative impact to society that I think such a huge benefit can be gained if people stop driving."

"Let's look into the future. You are standing in front of the choice of either investing a huge amount of your money in buying a hunk of metal and plastic for 30, 40, 50 thousand dollars, or you have the convenient option of paying as you go, the car picks you up in a few minutes, it's a nice environment and you spend a few dollars per day on your transport."

"When you take the driver out of the car, transport can be much cheaper and you can use the time to do other things, instead of sitting behind a steering(转向)wheel and not doing anything else. So I think the choice for the vast majority of people will be the obvious one."

（1）What can we learn from paragraph 2?

A.The majority of people will purchase cars.

B.Huge changes will take place in car industry.

C.Driving cars will enjoy more popularity.

D.The car business is gradually disappearing.

（2）What is a major cause of the fast change in the car industry?

A.The rapid growth of self-driving cars.

B.The rise of shared vehicles.

C.The increasing demand of customers.

D.The advanced production line.

（3）How does Rima feel about the future of self-driving cars?

A.Uncertain.

B.Confused.

C.Optimistic.

D.Frightened.

（4）What can be a suitable title for the text?

A.Self-driving cars meet new challenges.

B.Self-driving cars avoid human errors.

C.Possessing or driving cars won't be a must.

D.Conventional cars will be completely replaced.

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）C

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，讲述了由于自动驾驶车辆和电池的兴起，在不远的将来人们不用再买车和驾车，此外自动驾驶车辆将给社会和环境带来巨大好。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Long term, I think 20 years down the road, it will be totally changed and people will not own or drive their cars anymore.”可知，20年后交通会有巨大的变化，人们将不会拥有或者驾驶车辆，由此可推测将来汽车产业将会发生巨大变大。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Rimac is well aware the industry is changing quickly due to the rise of self-driving vehicl es and electric batteries,“可知汽车产业的巨大变化是由自动驾驶车辆和电池的兴起导致。故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的”So I think the choice for the vast majority of people will be the obvious one.”可知Rimac认为很多人都会选择自动驾驶车辆，故推测Rimac对自动驾驶车辆的未来非常乐观。选C。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“The founder of electric super car maker Rimac has said it won't make sense for people to own or drive their own cars in the coming decades.“和下文所讲述的内容可知，本文主要围绕将来人们不用再拥有和驾驶车辆展开。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

9．阅读理解

With all the recent concern about the environment, people want to see their money used to better the planet. Here are four well-known environmental organizations.

World Wildlife Fund (WWF)

The World Wildlife Fund is perhaps one of the best-known organizations for the protection of endangered species and their habitats around the world. They've been around for over 45 years. You can donate through their website https://www.360docs.net/doc/b95706745.html,, join their organization as a member, or adopt an animal through their online adoption center.

National Geographic Society (NGS)

National Geographic Society is well-known for their magazine and their specials on TV. The organization itself is one of the longest-running in the world—they've been around since 1888, focus on exploration and conservation of forests, oceans, habitats, species and societies. You chopse to donate through the website https://www.360docs.net/doc/b95706745.html,，buy something at their online store, or order a magazine subscription.

National Wildlife Federation (NWF)

Founded officially in 1937, the National Wildlife Federation tries to protect wildlife at all costs. In fact, they believe that having the public educated is the best way to help the environment—-the more you know, the more you can protect the world we live in. Donations to the NWF can be made through their website nwf. org or through other options, like matching gifts, workplace giving, or memorial donations.

Ecology Fund, com

Set up in 1976，Ecology Fund, com is run on user clicks. Advertisers buy ad space on the site every time someone clicks. The money goes to buy endangered wilderness land to protect it from companies that would destroy it. So far, Ecology Fund, com has bought land in many areas. The best thing about this site is that you needn't donate any money—all you have to do is click.

（1）Which environmental organization has the longest history?

A. Ecology https://www.360docs.net/doc/b95706745.html,.

B. World Wildlife Fund.

C. National Geographic Society.

D. National Wildlife Federation.

（2）What does NWF think is the most important in environmental protection?

A. Knowledge.

B. Management.

C. Money.

D. Patience.

（3）In what way does https://www.360docs.net/doc/b95706745.html, differ from the other three organizations?

A. The size of networks.

B. The way of operation.

C. The strength of influence.

D. The degree of popularity.

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四个著名的环保组织。

（1）考查细节理解。纵观全文可知，WWF有45年以上的历史；NGS从1888年就开始存在，迄今已有超过100年的历史；NWF成立于1937年；https://www.360docs.net/doc/b95706745.html,成立于1976年，因此NGS时间最长。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据 National Wildlife Federation (NWF)部分中的“In fact, they believe that having the public educated is the best way to help the environment—-the more you know, the more you can protect the world we live in.”可知，NWF认为，让公众受教育是帮助环境的最佳方式——你知道得越多，就越能保护我们所生活的这个世界。可知，NWF 认为知识在环保中是最重要的。故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据 Ecology Fund, com部分中的“The best thing about this site is that you needn't donate any money—all you have to do is click.”可知，https://www.360docs.net/doc/b95706745.html,是靠用户的点击率获得广告收入的方式运营的，用户无需捐钱，他们只需要点击即可，而其它三个环保组织都接受包括捐款在内的多种方式的支持。可知，https://www.360docs.net/doc/b95706745.html,与其它3个环保组织的运营方式不同。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

10．阅读理解

Hipster Greenport: 4 places to eat, shop and visit

Greenport may date back to the 1630s, but it's feeling pretty of-the-moment right now. Here are four places that embody the old-meets-new energy of the village:

Claudio's

If you've been to Greenport, you can't miss Claudio's —it's where generations of Long Islanders have made a tradition of eating, whether inside the main restaurant or at the floating dock-bar. The new owners have added fresh elements: Baccano Pizza by Nino, which offers a

variety of slices and pies until as late as 2 a.m. on Fridays and Saturdays — is right by the dock entrance.

Little Creek Oyster Farm & Market

It's little spots like this that tell the current Greenport story. There's no sign or advertising for this tiny house changed from the cabin of an old ship that's practically hidden down Bootlegger's Alley near Mitchell Park. But there they are — streams of people who come to enjoy the fresh oysters while drinking local craft beer, with a waterside view.

The Times Vintage

Nostalgia (怀旧) for bygone times runs high in this 1909 building, which once served as the base for the Suffolk Times newspaper. These days, this well-designed shop sells vinyl records (黑胶唱片) and loads of old-fashioned clothing and home decoration items including mid-century highball sets.

Greenport Fire

Heat comes in many forms and several are sold here — hot sauces, cigars and candles. Consult the chalkboard for the current sauce offerings or browse cigars such as a hand-rolled Honduran Leaf by Oscar or the Gurkha Cellar Reserve made with 18-year-aged tobacco.

（1）What's special about Greenport?

A. It is a place full of energy.

B. It is a famous port in the world.

C. It is a combination of new and old.

D. It is a popular place of interest.

（2）What can you do in The Times Vintage?

A. You can enjoy delicious oysters.

B. You can buy some old things.

C. You can find hand-rolled cigars.

D. You can have Baccano Pizza.

（3）If you are a smoker, you may be interested in _________.

A. Claudio's

B. Little Creek Oyster

C. Greenport Fire

D. The Times Vintage 【答案】（1）C

（2）B

（3）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了绿港（Greenport）这个村庄里能体现新旧融合的四个地方。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“…but it's feeling pretty of-the-moment right now. Here are four places that embody the old-meets-new energy of the village…”但现在感觉很时髦。这里有四个地方体现了这个村庄新旧活力的融合。可知，绿港融合了新旧事物。故选C。（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“These days, this well-designed shop sells vinyl records (黑胶唱片) and loads of old-fashioned clothing and home decoration items including mid-century highball sets. ”如今，这家精心设计的商店出售黑胶唱片、大量的老式服装和家居装饰用品，包括20世纪中期的highball电视机。可知，在The Times Vintage能买到一些老式的东西。故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中“...and several are sold here —hot sauces, cigars and candles. ”其中有几种在这里出售——辣酱、雪茄和蜡烛。可知，喜欢抽烟的人应该对Greenport Fire感兴趣。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读。考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

11．阅读理解

China Small Group Tours

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Tour Highlights:

Must-see sights in China－the Great Wall, Forbidden City, Terracotta Warriors

Follow us on a Buddhist pilgrimage to Tibet & appreciate the profound culture

Have a leisurely walk or an exciting bicycle ride on the time-honored City Wall of Xi'an

View the soaring city skylines and feel the pulse of modern Shanghai

From $ 2, 459 per person

Tour Route 2: 11 Days Private Bejing –Xi'an –Chonqing –Yangtze River Cruise –Yichang –Shanghai

Tour Highlights:

Must-see sights in China－the Great Wall, Forbidden City, Terracotta Warriors

Try biking on the Ming Dynasty City Wall of Xi' an, or tour by electric car

Enjoy the Three Gorges scenery on Yangtze River & feel totally relaxed

From $ 1, 879 per person

Tour Route 3: 12 Days Private Beijing – Shanghai – Xi'an – Guilin – Yangshuo – Guilin – Hong Kong

Tour Highlights:

Must-see sights in China－the Great Wall, Forbidden City, Terracotta Warriors

Experience the Bund, classical garden, modern and old in contrast in Shanghai

Feel the lively atmosphere & explore busy markets freely in Hong Kong

Walk into a local family, learn to cook Chinese food & dine with the hosts in their home

From $ 2, 499 per person

Tour Route 4: 12 Days Private Beijing – Xi'an – Chengdu – Guilin – Shanghai

Tour Highlights:

Must-see sights in China－the Great Wall, Forbidden City, Terracotta Warriors, Giant Pandas

Come to Chengdu，the hometown of giant pandas to visit and observe the cute creature

Cruise on the meandering Li River & admire Guilin landscape

Walk into a local Chinese family, interact & dine with the hosts in their home

From $2, 079 per person

（1）What do Tour Route 1 and Tour Route 2 have in common?

A. They have cycling activities.

B. They include a visit to Tibet.

C. Visitors enjoy the Three Gorges scenery.

D. Visitors pay the same amount of money.

（2）What is special about Tour Route 2?

A.Tourists can travel by bike.

B.Tourists can visit a huge dam.

C.Tourists can dine with a family.

D.It is the most expensive of the four.

（3）Where can visitors enjoy China's rare animals?

A.Tour Route 1.

B.Tour Route 2.

C.Tour Route 3.

D.Tour Route 4.

【答案】（1）A

（2）B

（3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四条旅游路线。

（1）kc 细节理解。根据Route 1部分中的“Have a leisurely walk or an exciting bicycle ride on the time-honored City Wall of Xi'an”及 Route 2部分中的“Try biki ng on the Ming Dynasty City Wall of Xi' an”可知，这两条路线的共同之处是都有骑行活动，故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据Route 2部分中的“Enjoy the Three Gorges scenery on Yangtze River”可知，在Route 2中你可以欣赏到长江三峡风光，也就是说Route 2的特别之处是你可以参观三峡大坝，故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据Route 4部分中的“Come to Chengdu，the hometown of giant pandas to visit and observe the cute creature”可知，在Route4中你可以看到中国的珍稀动物大熊猫，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

12．阅读理解

New Jersey Botanical Garden Membership

It's easy to join New Jersey Botanical Garden (NJBG) Membership online, by phone or by mail. Your membership dollars help to improve the Garden, and provide educational and entertaining activities for the general public. Thank you for your support!

To join or renew, please click on the appropriate section and membership category below for safe and convenient online payment processing by PayPal.

If you prefer to join by phone or mail, call the NJBG office at (973) 962-9534 or download and send in our membership brochure (Adobe Acrobat PDF file).

※ Join NJBG Today

The Botanical Garden started life as Skylands, a large area in the grand manner. It is famous for a 44-room Tudor Revival granite mansion(公馆)designed John Russel Pope. Skylands has 96 acres of formal and naturalized gardens and is surrounded by over 1,000 acres of meadows(草坪) and woodlands. Purchased by the State in 1966 and officially named as the New Jersey Botanical Garden in 1984, the gardens contain approximately 5,000 species and varieties of trees and flowers.

For you, the NJBG is an exciting and beautiful place to visit where you may enjoy each season's best. Members enjoy special events, festivals, lectures and rewarding educational opportunities for both city and gardeners.

Your NJBG membership offers you discounts at participating nurseries, garden centers and other fine businesses. Simply present your NJBG membership card when beginning your purchase.（1）The money paid for NJBG membership will be used to _____.

A. offer further education

B. update the payment system

C. provide better service

D. protect the environment

（2）To renew the one-year membership for your parents, you need to pay_____.

A.$30

B.$50

C.$60

D.$80

（3）According to the passage, New Jersey Botanical Garden_____.

A.was officially named in 1966

https://www.360docs.net/doc/b95706745.html,ed to be privately-owned

C.presents members with awards

D.offers discounts in most shop

【答案】（1）C

（2）B

（3）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了新泽西植物园的会员，讲述了如何加入会员以及会员所享受的优惠，让读者更了解NJBG的会员。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Your membership dollars help to improve the Garden, and provide educational and entertaining activities for the general public.”可知会费将被用来改善花园，为普通大众供教育和娱乐活动，即会费被用来改善服务。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二个表格Annual Fees dual $50可知更新两人一年的会员费用是50美元，因此为父母更新一年的会费为50美元。故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第三段中的“It is famous for a 44-room Tudor Revival granite mansion(公馆)designed John Russel Pope. ”和“Purchased by the State in 1966 and officially n amed as the New Jersey Botanical Garden in 1984,”可知植物园从前是一个公馆，政府于1966年购得，然后取名为新泽西州植物园，故推测该植物园以前是私人的。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

13．阅读理解

A great number of species make their home in the vast waters of the Atlantic Ocean. Although the entire ocean makes up an ecosystem, many smaller habitats are found within, including an open-water habitat off the coast of the Northern Atlantic Ocean known as the Sargasso Sea. Sargassum is an alga(海藻) that floats in masses that can continue for miles. The waters of the Gulf Stream push the water in a northward move into this area. This constant move and varying temperature support the accumulation of the brown-colored seaweed.

The Sargasso Sea is so enormous that one method of information collection has not been enough for scientists to obtain an accurate picture of what takes place within this ecosystem. Researchers have needed to employ several methods of sampling. Methods such as dragging nets over the surface of the water and videotaping beneath areas of sargassum have served scientists well. Information collected has shown that the Gulf Stream pushes brown algae from open water into the Sargasso Sea area, creating a diverse floating habitat in an area that would otherwise not support that wildlife.

In the most recent study of the sargassum community off the shores of North Carolina, eighty-one fish species were documented as using the area as a microhabitat. This is an increase from previous studies. The types of fish found here are both commercially and environmentally important. The South Atlantic Fishery Management Council is working to regulate the harvesting of sargassum. The Council hopes to have the area classified as an Essential Fish Habitat. Which would afford it certain protections.

Further research needs to be done before scientists understand how to best protect the Sargasso Sea as well as understand how it goes about supporting so many important types of wildlife.

（1）The author uses "enormous" in paragraph 2 to stress that .

A. the Atlantic Ocean is really amazing in terms of its size and area

B. what the researchers do is highly respected by scientific community

C. the research work is complex because a large area must be covered

D. a large amount of money for the Sargasso Sea research is needed

（2）It can be inferred from the phrase "needed to be done" in paragraph 4 that the author thinks .

A.the Sargasso ecosystem is worth our attention and needs more study

B.the scientific community has ignored this complex ecosystem

C.the Sargasso Sea is becoming a problem and needs removing

D.new methods for researching the ecosystem must be found instantly

（3）The text is mainly about .

A.diversity of wildlife in the Atlantic Ocean

B.different habitats of sea animals

C.methods of information collection

D.the Sargasso Sea as an entire ecosystem

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了马尾藻海这个完整的生态系统，非常巨大以至于一种信息收集方法不足以让科学家准确了解这个生态系统中发生的情况，这里发现的鱼类种类在商业和环境上都很重要。南大西洋渔业管理委员会正在努力管制马尾藻海的捕捞。这将为马尾藻海提供一定的保护。

（1）考查句义猜测。根据第二段中的“one method of information collection has not been enough for scientists to obtain an accurate picture of what takes place within this ecosystem”一种信息收集方法还不足以让科学家准确地了解在这个生态系统中发生了什么，可知作者在第2段中使用了“enormous”一词，是为了强调研究工作很复杂，因为必须覆盖很大的区域。故选C。

（2）考查句义猜测。根据第四段中的“before scientists understand how to best protect the Sargasso Sea as well as understand how it goes about supporting so many important types of wildlife”在科学家们了解如何最好地保护马尾藻海以及如何救助这么多重要的野生动物之前，还需要做进一步的研究。可知从第4段“need to be done”一词可以推断，作者认为马尾藻生态系统值得我们关注，需要更多的研究。故选A。

（3）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“Although the entire ocean makes up an ecosystem, many smaller habitats are found within, including an open-water habitat off the coast of the Northern Atlantic Ocean k nown as the Sargasso Sea.”虽然整个海洋构成了一个生态系统，但在其中发现了许多较小的栖息地，包括北大西洋沿岸的一个被称为马尾藻海的开放水域栖息地。以及文章内容为关于马尾藻海的一些研究说明，可知文本主要是关于作为一个完整的生态系统的马尾藻海。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测，句义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

14．阅读理解

In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity(繁荣). Others say that competition is bad; that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.

I have taught many children who held the belief that their self-worth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills. For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs. In their single-minded pursuit of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten.

However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching these young people, I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not