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In this lecture, I’d like to share some thoughts about two famous Americans — Abraham Lincoln and John F. Kennedy. First, I’ll talk about some of the major differences between the two men. Then, I’ll tell you some similarities between Lincoln and Kennedy. In other words, I’ll talk a little about their family and educational backgrounds. Then I’ll talk a little more about their political lives. And finally, I’ll end by saying a few words about their tragic fates.
Both Lincoln and Kennedy were assassinated, killed while in office. I’m old enough to remember the day in 1963 that president Kennedy was shot in Dallas, Texas. It was a pretty sad day. But I don’t want to talk that sad day now.
How were Lincoln and Kennedy different? Let’s see. One thing, they lived in different timesand had very different family and educational backgrounds.Kennedy lived i n the 20th century, last century.Lincoln lived in the 19th century. Kennedy was born in 1917, whereas Lincoln was born m ore than a hundred years earlier, in 1809. As for their family backgrounds, Kennedy came from a r ich family, while Lincoln’s family was anything but rich.Because Kennedy came from a wealthy family, he was able to attend expensive private schoo ls. He graduated from Harvard University. On the other hand,Lincoln, had only one year of formal education. In spite of his lack of formal education, Linc oln became a well-known lawyer. He taught himself law by reading law books.You might say, Lincoln was a self-educated man
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Whether you love it or hate it, work is a major part of most people ' s lives everywhere in tl world. America ns are no excepti on. America ns might compla in about “ blue Mon day, ” whe n the' have to go back to work after the weeke nd, but most of them put a lot of importa nee on their job, not only in terms of money but also in terms of ide ntity .In fact, whe n America ns are in troduced to a new pers on, they almost always ask each other, “ What do you do? ” They are really ask ing, “ What is your job or profession? ” Today, however, we won ' t look at work in terms of what work means socially or psychologically. Rather, um, we ' re going to take a look at work in the United States today in three differe nt ways. First, we ' ll take a historical look at work in "America. Uh, we ll do that by look ing at how things cha nged for the America n worker from the year 1900 to the year of the latest statistics, 2010. That is, from the begi nning of the twen tieth cen tury to rece nt times. Then we ' ll look at how U.S. workers are doing today. And after that, we ' ll take a loo some possible reas ons for the curre nt econo mic situati on. And fin ally, we ' ll look at what peop are saying about what the government should and should not do in order to improve the country ' s economy. As we look at the changes over the last century or so, we ' re going to use a lot of statistics to describe these changes. First, let ' consider how the type of work people were involved in cha nged. At the beg inning of the twen tieth cen tury, in 1900, about 38 perce nt of the workforce was involved in agriculture; that is, they worked on a farm. By the end of the century, only 3 percent still worked on farms, and by 2010, only about 1 percent worked in agriculture. There was also a large decrease in the number of people working in industry, that is, in making, or manufacturing, things in factories. The number of workers in industry is down from over 30 perce nt in 1900 to just over 22 perce nt in 2010. While the number of people in agriculture and manufacturing industries went down, the number of people in the services went up. As you may know, services, rather than goods or products, provide other less con crete things that people n eed. A few examples in clude educati on, health care, transportation, tourism, banking, advertising, and legal services. Cafes, restaurants, and fast-food outlets like McDonald ' s are part of the service sector, as are retail sales jobs, driving taxis, and pump ing gas. The services workforce jumped from 31 perce nt of the workforce in 1900 to 77 perce nt in 2010. Let ' s recap the numbers: in 1900, 38 percent in agriculture; 31 percent in industry; and 31 percent in services. In 2010, about 1 percent in agriculture; 22 percent in industry; and 77 perce nt in services. To put things into perspec tive, let ' s compare the United States today to China, where the picture is very differe nt. From your experie nee, would you expect China to have more workers in agriculture or in industry? Well, it may or may not surprise you, but in China, agriculture takes up only 10 perce nt of the workforce, in dustry a huge 47 perce nt, and services 43 perce nt. Figures for the entire world are somewhere between China ' s and the United States ' figures: 6 percent, 31 percent, and 63 percent for agriculture, industry, and serv ices, respectively. Let ' s get back to the changes in the U.S. workforce in the last century or so. There are just two more points I wan ted to bring up. First, child labor was not unu sual at the beginning of the twentieth century. In 1900, there were 1,750,000 children aged 10 to 15 working full-time in the labor force. This was 6
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Unit 1 Accad 461352 Bcad Unit 2 257813496 Cdabcbd Deafgbc
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