工程管理专业英语(1)
工程管理专业英语
一、Please write the English or Chinese expressions illustrative of the following drawings of typical tender workflow and typical contract workflow.（请写出下图所绘的典型的招标工作流程和典型的合同流程的英文或者中文）
二、Translate the following Chinese/English into English/Chine.
（把下面的中文/英文翻译成英文/中文）
（一）设计/施工过程design/construct process
（二）房地产开发商the real estate developer
（三）投机性住宅市场the speculative housing market
（四）项目管理project management
（五）项目全寿命期project life cycle
（六）项目范围project scope
（七）专业化服务professional service
（八）重大基础项目建设infrastructure and heavy construction （九）住宅类房屋建设resident housing construction
（十）办公和商业用房建设
institutional and commercial building construction
（十一）专业化工业项目建设specialized industrial construction （十二）专业咨询师professional counselor
（十三）总承包商general contractor
（十四）价值工程value engineering
（十五）竞争性招标competitive bidding
（十六）建筑和工程设计公司
architectural and engineering（A/E）firm
（十七）运营与维护管理operation and maintenance management （十八）设计/施工公司design/construct firm
（十九）分包商subcontractor
（二十）设施管理facility managemen
（二十一）预算安排budget arrangement
（二十二）进度安排scheduling arrangement
（二十三）工程变更changes
（二十四）施工索赔claims
（二十五）运筹学opsearch
（二十六）非生产性non-productive
（二十七）临时性工作暂停temporary work stoppage
（二十八）土木工程civil engineering
（二十九）通用采购公告general procurement noticet
（三十）现场踏勘site visits
（三十一）技术规范与图纸specification and drawings
（三十二）建筑公司construction company
（三十三）建筑与工程设计公司
architectural and engineering（A/E）firm
（三十四）现场质量监督on site quality inspection
（三十五）施工图shop drawings
（三十六）施工合同construction contract
（三十七）设计/施工公司design/construct firm
（三十八）设施维护facility maintenance
（三十九）工程量清单bill of quantities
（四十）竣工图纸as-built drawings
（四十一）关键线路法critical path method（CPM）
（四十二）质量保证quality assurance
（四十三）全面质量控制total quality control
三、Short Answer Questions.（简要的回答问题）
（一）What does specialized industrial construction include? Can you give some examples?
Answer：P8 第二段1-3行（Specialized industrial construction usually ……or nuclear power plants.）
（二）What does infrastructure and heavy construction include? Can you give some examples?
Answer：P9 第二段1-4行（Infrastructure and heavy construction includes ……sewage treatment plants.）
（三）What is project management?
Answer：P20 第三段全部（Project management is the art of directing ……and participation satisfaction.）
（四）Which areas should be mastered for a project manager?
Answer：P21-22 第三段全部加粗黑体字（1-9点）
（五）What is competitive bidding ?
Answer：P66 第一段1-6行（competitive bidding is ……and by preventing favoritism.）
（六）Whether to bid on a project ?
Answer：P67 第二、三段自行归纳
（七）What do bidding documents generally include ?
Answer：P60 第四段4-8行（they generally include ……and necessary appendices.）
（八）What factors should be taken into account in prequalification of bidders ?
Answer：P60 第二段倒数1-3行三点
（九）What shall the Borrower firstly examine in evaluation of bids?
Answer：P62-63 第五段1-3行（The Borrower shall examine the bids ……Otherwise generally in order.）
（十）Which situations can the Borrower reject all bids ?
Answer：P63 第一段2-5行（If a bid is not ……it shall not be considered further.）
（十一）What does The Direct costs estimate include ?
Answer：P67 第四段4-5行（The direct costs estimate includes the costs of ……Involved in the construction.）
（十二）What does The Mark-up include ?
Answer：P67 第四段8-9行（The mark-up includes the allowances ……profit and risk.）
（十三）What factors affect bidding success ?
Answer：P68 第二段五点
（十四）How can a construction company increase competitive advantage?
Answer：P69 第一段四点
（十五）Why do quality control and safety represent increasingly important concerns for project managers?
Answer：P148 第一段2-6行（Defects or failures in constructed facilities can ……these increased direct costs.）
（十六）Why should quality requirements should be clear and verifiable?
Answer：P149 第二段3-5行（Quality requirements should be clear and ……the requirements for conformance.）
（十七）By what safety during the construction project is influenced in large part?
Answer：P149 第三段1-2行（Safety during the construction project ……and design process.）
（十八）For the purpose of insuring compliance ,what steps and methods are commonly used as the basis for accepting or rejecting work completed and batches of materials?
Answer：P152 第一段4-6行（For the purpose of ……and batches of materials.）
（十九）For smaller projects, who might assume the responsibility for quality and safety assurance?
Answer：P149 第四段6-7行（For smaller projects ……and other responsibilities.）
（二十）Can you give us a brief introduction about ISO9000?
Answer：P153 第二段倒数1-4行（The best known formal certification for ……Implementation and review.）
（二十一）Why is total quality control is difficult to apply ,particular in construction?
Answer：P154 第一段1-4行（The unique nature of each ……in construction difficult.）
（二十二）What are the major differences between the sampling by attribute and the sampling by variables?
Answer：P157 第一段3-8行两点
（二十三）Why is construction a relatively hazardous undertaking?
Answer：无
四、Relate and analyze the following question.
（叙述和分析以下问题）
（一）Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the cost-plus-fee agreements.
Answer：P75-76自行归纳
（二）Can you describe how does the project life cycle of a constructed facility work ?
Answer：P1-4自行归纳
五、Translation.（翻译）
（一）Job-site productivity is influenced by many factors. Which can be characterized either as labor characteristics, project work conditions or as non-productive activities.
工作现场生产率受多种因素的影响。什么可以作为特征，无论是劳动特点、项目工作条件或非生产性活动方面。
（二）The selection of the appropriate type and size of construction equipment often affects the required amount of time and effort and thus the job-site productivity of a project. It is therefore important for site managers and construction planners to be familiar with the characteristics of the major types of equipment most commonly used in construction.
适当的设备类型和大小的选择，经常影响工作现场生产率所需要的时间和效率。因此，对于现场管理者和建设规划者来说，熟悉最经常用于建筑的主要类型的设备，是很重要的。
（三）The bidding documents shall specify any factors, in addition to price, which will be taken into account in evaluating bids, and how such factors will be quantified or otherwise evaluated.
招标文件应该指定除了价格的任何因素，这些因素应被考虑进入评估报价，和怎样的因素将会被量化或者另外的评估。
（四）Because of the very nature and risks with the lump-sum price, it is important that the contractor be able to accurately understand the scope of the project work required at time of bidding.
由于总价合同具有本质性和风险，因此对于承包商来说，在投标时，他们必须有能力去理解项目工作的要求。
（五）The important point is that whatever the arrangement, it must be clearly understood by all parties- not only the amount of the fee, but also how and when it will be paid to the contractor.
重要的是，无论是任何形式的合同，必须都要从所有方面去准确、清楚得了解——不仅是费用，还有如何以及何时支付给承包商。
（六）The right of the owner to inspect the work as it proceeds, to direct the contractor to expedite the work, to use completed portions of the project before contract termination, and to make payment deductions for uncompleted or faulty work are common construction contract provisions.
业主有权检查工程的进行情况，导致了承包商加快工作进度，在合同终止前使用完成的部分和付款扣除未完成的或错误的工作，这是常见的施工合同条款。
（七）In contrast, poor scheduling can result in considerable waste as laborers and equipment wait for the availability of needed resources or the completion of preceding tasks.
与此形成鲜明对比的是，不良的进度安排可能导致相当大的浪费，比如劳动者和设备需等待所需资源的可用性或者之前任务完成。
（八）Moreover, even if formal methods are not applied in particular cases, the conceptual framework of formal scheduling methods provides a valuable reference for a manager.
此外，即使通常的方法不被使用在特定的情况下，通常的进度安排的概念框架给管理者提供了有价值的参考。