SAT官方指南OG词汇TEST_3
OG TEST 3
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SECTION 4
3.4.1
Extensive travel afforded Langston Hughes a ____ perspective, but it was Harlem that served as the creative ____ for his writing.
A. cosmopolitan…defense
B. worldly…inspiration
C. moral…obligation
D. stunted…condition
E. limited…center
Worldly
(1) Of, relating to, or devoted to the temporal world
世间的，尘世的
(2)Experienced in human affairs; sophisticated or worldly-wise
老练的：有经验的；老于世故或明智的
"an experienced and worldly man who had been almost everywhere" (Willa Cather).
一个几乎去过所有地方的有经验的、老练的人。——韦拉·卡瑟尔
Cosmopolitan
(1)Pertinent or common to the whole world
世界性的，全球性的
(2)So sophisticated as to be at home in all parts of the world or conversant with many spheres of interest
四海为家的，全球主义的
a cosmopolitan traveler
一个四海为家的旅行者
Moral
(1)Of or concerned with the judgment of the goodness or badness of human action and character
a moral quandary
一个道德困境
(2)Conforming to standards of what is right or just in behavior; virtuous
道德的，品行端正的：符合关于行为对错的标准的；有道德的
a moral life
一种道德的生活
Stunt
(1) v. To check the growth or development of
阻碍…的生长或发展
Lack of the right food may stunt growth.
缺乏适当的食物会阻碍发育。
(2) n. A feat displaying unusual strength, skill, or daring
特技，绝技：能够表现力量、技巧或胆识的技艺
3.4.2
One requirement of timeless art is that it deepen and ____ our awareness, not that it merely confirm what we already know.
A. hinder
B. reconcile
C. control
D. soothe
E. extend
Hinder
To obstruct or delay the progress of
阻碍，妨碍：阻碍或耽误...的进程
Soothe
To calm or placate
使...平静，安抚安慰
To ease or relieve (pain, for example)
减轻，缓和（例如痛苦）
3.4.3
Despairing that the performance of the chief executive would ever improve, the corporation's board of directors took decisive action and ____ him.
A.coddled
B.taunted
C.prodded
D.ousted
E.chided
Oust
To eject from a position or place; force out
驱逐（出某一职位或地点）
"the American Revolution, which ousted the English"(Virginia S. Eifert).
“曾经驱逐了英国人的美国大革命”——弗吉尼亚·S·厄尔福特
Coddle
To treat indulgently baby
溺爱，娇养：放任（或放纵）地对待小孩
See Synonyms at p amper
参见pamper
Taunt
To reproach in a mocking, insulting, or contemptuous manner
（以一种嘲弄、侮辱或轻蔑的方式来）指责；奚落
See Synonyms at ridicule
参见ridicule
prod
To goad to action; incite
促使…行动；推动
Chide
To scold mildly so as to correct or improve; reprimand
（为了让人纠正或改进而温和地）责备
chided the boy for his sloppiness
责备男孩的邋遢
3.4.4
The discovery of the fossil was ____ and ____: surprising scientists and undermining accepted theories about plant distribution.
A. exhilarating… banal
prophetic
B. shocking…
C. startling… revolutionary
D. appalling… groundbreaking
E. unanticipated… irrelevant
Startle
To alarm, frighten, or surprise suddenly
使警觉、害怕或吃惊
See Synonyms at frighten
参见frighten
Undermine
(1) To weaken by wearing away a base or foundation
（通过侵蚀基础）削弱、破坏
Water has undermined the stone foundations.
地下水已经破坏了岩石地基。
(2)To weaken, injure, or impair, often by degrees or imperceptibly; sap
暗中破坏，暗地里破坏：渐渐的或不被察觉地削弱、伤害或破坏=sap
Late hours can undermine one's health.
熬夜会渐渐伤害一个人的健康
exhilarate
To cause to feel happily refreshed and energetic; elate
使高兴，使愉快；=elate
We were exhilarated by the cool, pine-scented air.
我们因为清爽的、带着松香的空气而感到心情愉悦。
Banal
Drearily commonplace and often predictable; trite
陈腐的，平庸的，老套的：令人枯燥的平常并且经常是可预测的；=trite 陈词滥调"Blunt language cannot hide a banal conception"(James Wolcott).
“直率的语言不能隐藏一个陈腐的概念。”—詹姆斯·沃尔科特
prophetic
Of, belonging to, or characteristic of a prophet or prophecy
Foretelling events as if by divine inspiration
预言的，预示的：通过直觉或灵感预测事件
casual words that proved prophetic.
看似随意而预言性的文字
派prophet/prophecy
appall
To fill with consternation or dismay
使...恐怖，使...惊骇
See Synonyms at dismay
参见dismay
Groundbreaking
Characterized by originality and innovation
先锋的，原创的，创新的
a groundbreaking technology
一项创新性科技
3.4.5
Citing the ____ of the Asian American community, the scholar argued that Asian Americans fastest-growing minority population.
constituted the region’s
A. digression
B. proximity
C. expansion
D. stabilization
E. correlation
Digress
To turn aside, especially from the main subject in writing or speaking; stray
离题（脱离写作或演说主题）＝stray
See Synonyms at swerve
参见swerve
派digression
Proximity
The state, quality, sense, or fact of being near or next; closeness
接近，近似：接近或相邻的状态、性质、感觉或事实；近似=closeness
派生自approximate
Stabilize
To make stable or steadfast
使...稳定，使...稳固
派stabilization
3.4.6
Far from being ____, bears in some national parks are surprisingly ____ when approached by human; still visitors must exercise caution.
A. benign…cantankerous
B. reticent…bellicose
C. complacent…docile
D. aggressive…placid
E. playful…
frisky
Aggressive
Characterized by aggression
侵略的，侵略性的
aggressive behavior
侵略性行为
Inclined to behave in an actively hostile fashion
进取的，主动的，好斗的
an aggressive regime
一个好斗的（好侵略的）政权
Placid
Undisturbed by tumult or disorder; calm or quiet
平静的，平稳的；冷静的
See Synonyms at calm
参见calm
Benign
Of a kind and gentle disposition
Showing gentleness and mildness
慈样的，（气候，性格）温柔善良的
See Synonyms at kind
参见kind
Bellicose
Warlike in manner or temperament; pugnacious
（在行为或性格上）好战的，好斗的；=pugnacious
See Synonyms at belligerent.
参见belligerent
Cantankerous
Ill-tempered and quarrelsome; disagreeable
脾气坏的，好争吵的;=disagreeable
disliked her cantankerous landlord
厌恶他脾气暴躁的房东
Reticent
Inclined to keep one's thoughts, feelings, and personal affairs to oneself 沉默不语的（倾向于保留某人的想法、感情及个人事务的）
See Synonyms at silent
参见silent
Complacent
Contented to a fault; self-satisfied and unconcerned
自满的（对缺点的自我满足且不关心）；自鸣得意的
He had become complacent after years of success.
在经历了长年的成功之后，他变得自满起来。
Docile
Ready and willing to be taught; teachable
愿意并且容易教的；可教的=teachable
Yielding to supervision, direction, or management; tractable
驯服的，易驾驭的：服从监督、指导或管理的；＝tractable
Frisky
Energetic, lively, and playful
有活力的，活跃的，嬉戏的
a frisky kitten
一只欢闹的小猫
3.4.7
Before becoming a stockbroker, Victoria Woodhull had a career as a ____, someone believed to have insight about events beyond ordinary human perception.
A. mentor
B. profiteer
C. counterfeiter
D. clairvoyant
E. propagandist
Clairvoyance
The supposed power to see objects or events that cannot be perceived by the senses
超人的洞察力，千里眼：一种能够在没有感知的情况下看到事物或事件的能力
派clairvoyant
Mentor
A wise and trusted counselor or teacher
导师（良师益友）
Profiteer
One who makes excessive profits on goods in short supply
奸商（供应短缺时牟取暴利者）
Counterfeit
(1) To make a copy of, usually with the intent to defraud; forge
为了诈骗）伪造（有价值东西）
counterfeits money
伪造假币
派counterfeiter
(2) A fraudulent imitation or facsimile
仿造品，为造物
Propaganda
The systematic propagation of a doctrine or cause or of information reflecting the views and interests of those advocating such a doctrine or cause
宣传活动
Material disseminated by the advocates or opponents of a doctrine or cause
宣传材料（或物品）
wartime propaganda
战时宣传
派propagandist
3.4.8
The judges for the chili competition were ____, noting subtle differences between dishes that most people would not detect.
A. obscure
B. deferential
C. discriminating
D. sanctimonious
E. unrelenting
Obscure（已收）
Subtle（已收）
Deferential
Marked by or exhibiting deference
顺从的，恭顺的
派生自deference
Discriminating
Able to recognize or draw fine distinctions; perceptive
有区别能力的，有辨别力的：能够识别出或找出细微的差别；=perceptive
a discriminating collector of rare books
一个有鉴别能力的稀有图书收藏家
Sanctimonious
Feigning piety or righteousness
假装神圣的
Unrelenting
(1) Having or exhibiting uncompromising determination; unyielding
不屈服的：决心并没有妥协的；=unyielding
an unrelenting human rights worker
一个不屈服的人权工作者
(2)Not diminishing in intensity, pace, or effort
（在强度、速率或努力程度上）未减轻或缓和的，不放松的
an unrelenting ice storm
一场仍未缓和的冰雪风暴
SECTION 7
3.7.1
Although the archaeologist ____ the symbol on the cave wall, she was unable to ____ them because they were too faint.
A. replicated…ignore
B. perused…discard
C. obliterated…translate
D. recollected…conceal
E. scrutinized…decipher
Scrutinize
To examine or observe with great care; inspect critically
（很挑剔地）详细检查或观察
Decipher
(1)To read or interpret (ambiguous, obscure, or illegible matter)
解读（难以理解或无法辨认的东西）
See Synonyms at solve
参见solve
(2) To convert from a code or cipher to plain text; decode
破译（密码）；＝decode
Replicate
To duplicate, copy, reproduce, or repeat
复制，重复
If the virus cannot replicate itself, it cannot cause illness
如果病毒不能变异，也就不能够诱发疾病了。
Peruse
To read or examine, typically with great care
熟读，精读
Discard
To throw away; reject
扔掉；抛弃＝reject
obliterate
To wipe out, rub off, or erase (writing or other markings)
擦掉（字迹或其他标记）
obliterate your trace
抹掉足迹
3.7.2
Popular interest in music performed by folk singer Jean Ritchie acted as a ____ because it ____ a wider interest in the music of Ritchie’s native Kentucky.
A. deterrent…launched
B. panacea…overcome
C. barrier…awakened
D. catalyst…stirred
E. provocati on…mitigated
Catalyst
(1)A substance, usually used in small amounts relative to the reactants, that modifies and increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed in the process
催化剂（以小剂量使用，可以加快反应速度，自身不消耗）
(2)One that precipitates a process or event, especially without being involved in or changed by
the consequences
促使事情发展的因素
stir
deter
To prevent or discourage from acting, as by means of fear or doubt
（用恐惧或疑问的手段）阻止，制止
Does negotiated disarmament deter war? (Edward Teller).
这种谈判达成的裁军会阻止战争的发生吗？——爱德华·泰勒
See Synonyms at dissuade.
参见dissuade
Launch
To set going; initiate
开始，着手，发起；=initiate
launch a career
开始（发起）一项事业
Panacea
A remedy for all diseases, evils, or difficulties; a cure-all
万能药：能够治疗所有疾病、邪恶或困难的药方或错失；cure-all
Barrier
(1)A structure, such as a fence, built to bar passage.
（用来禁止通行的各种）障碍物（如：栅栏和关卡）
(2)Something immaterial that obstructs or impedes
（无形的）阻碍，障碍
Intolerance is a barrier to understanding.
狭隘是互相之间理解的障碍。
See Synonyms at obstacle.
参见obstacle
Provoke（OG1.5.6已收）
To incite to anger or resentment; to stir to action or feeling
激怒，煽动，挑拨：激起愤怒或憎恨；煽动起某种行动或感情
派provocative
Mitigate（OG1.2.5已收）
To moderate (a quality or condition) in force or intensity; alleviate
减轻，缓和：缓和（一种性质或条件）的力量或强度；缓解
Governments should endeavour to mitigate poverty.
政府应努力缓解贫困问题。
See Synonyms at relieve
参见relieve
3.7.3
around the world: areas of the sea that Oceanographers have identified more than 50 “dead zones”
various forms of pollution have rendered ____ life.
A. conducive to
B. invaluable to
C. imperative to
D. indistinguishable from
E. bereft of
Conducive
Tending to cause or bring about; contributive
有利于的，有助于的；=contributive
working conditions not conducive to productivity.
工作条件对生产力没有帮助。
See Synonyms at favorable.
参见favorable
Imperative
(1)Expressing a command or plea; peremptory
Having the power or authority to command or control
专横的，命令的（不许违反的，有权力或权威去命令或控制的）
requests that grew more and more imperative.
越来越命令式的请求
(2)Impossible to deter or evade; pressing
紧急的，紧迫的：不能阻止或逃避的；pressing
imperative needs
紧迫的需要
See Synonyms at urgent.
参见urgent
Distinguish
To perceive as being different or distinct
To perceive distinctly; discern
To make noticeable or different; set apart.
To cause (oneself) to be eminent or recognized
区分，区别，辨别
派distinguishable/ undistinguishable
Bereft
(1)Deprived of something
被剥夺的，失去…的
They are bereft of their dignity.
他们丧失了尊严。
(2)Lacking something needed or expected
缺乏的，缺少的
3.7.4
The few female physicians practicing at the end of the nineteenth century might be considered ____ because they constituted a very small percentage of all physicians.
A. miscreants
B. revisionists
C. anomalies
D. pacifists
E. extremists
Anomaly
Deviation or departure from the normal or common order, form, or rule
异常，反常，异常或反常的人或物
Revise
To prepare a newly edited version of (a text)
To reconsider and change or modify
修改，修订：准备一份新的版本；重新考虑并且做出改变或修改
I have revised my opinion of him.
我已经修正了我对他的看法。
See Synonyms at correct.
参见correct
派revision/revisionist
Pacifist
1: of, relating to, or characteristic of pacifism or pacifists
2: strongly and actively opposed to conflict and especially war
和平主义者：强烈或积极反对冲突，尤其是战争的
3.7.5
Rose smiled approvingly but gave neither written nor spoken permission to proceed with the project: her consent, in short, was _____.
A.tacit
B.fervent
C.unqualified
D.impetuous
E.conditional
tacit
1: expressed or carried on without words or speech
2: implied or indicated (as by an act or by silence) but not actually expressed
暗示的，心照不宣的：不使用书面或口头形式表达的；（通过一种行为或沉默）暗示的或表
明的，但没有实际表达出来的
tacit admission of guilt
对罪行的默认
Fervent
Having or showing great emotion or zeal; ardent
炽热的，狂热的，热心的：具有或表现出极大的感情或热情；=ardent
a fervent admirer
一个狂热的崇拜者
Impetuous
Characterized by sudden and forceful energy or emotion; impulsive and passionate
冲动的；鲁莽的：具有突然的和强有力的感情的；=impulsive/passionate
SECTION 9
3.9.1
Paradoxically, during the French Revolution, the very leaders who proclaimed ____ philosophies sometimes also engaged in ____ practices.
A. regal…imperial
B. simplistic…neutral
C. liberating…repressive
D. totalitarian…absolutist
E. scandalous…compromised
Liberate
To set free, as from oppression, confinement, or foreign control
（从压迫下、囚禁中或外国统治下）释放，解放
派liberating
Repressive
Causing or inclined to cause repression
压迫性的，压抑性的：造成或倾向于造成镇压（压抑）的
a repressive dictatorship
一个镇压式的独裁统治
Regal
Of or relating to a monarch; royal.
Belonging to or befitting a monarch
Magnificent; splendid.
君主的，君王的；豪华的，富丽堂皇的
Imperial
(1)Of, relating to, or suggestive of an empire or a sovereign, especially an emperor or empress
君王的，帝王的
imperial rule
帝王统治
(2)Outstanding in size or quality
壮丽的：在大小或质量上出众的，突出的
Neutral
Not aligned with, supporting, or favoring either side in a war, dispute, or contest
Belonging to neither side in a controversy
Belonging to neither kind; not one thing or the other
中立的，中性的：在战争、争端或竞争中不支持（或反对）任何一方的；不属于两种中的任
何一种的
Totalitarian
Of, relating to, being, or imposing a form of government in which the political authority exercises absolute and centralized control over all aspects of life, the individual is subordinated to the state, and opposing political and cultural expression is suppressed
极权主义的（具有绝对的、中心化的控制权的，反对意见受到压制的）
A totalitarian regime crushes all autonomous institutions in its drive to seize the human
soul. (Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr.)
出于控制民众灵魂的冲动，一个集权主义政权将粉碎所有自治性机构。——Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr.
Absolutist
1：a: a political theory that absolute power should be vested in one or more rulers b: government by an absolute ruler or authority : DESPOTISM
专制主义，专制主义论者：一种主张赋予一个或多个统治者以绝对权力的政治理论；具有一个绝对统治者或统治权威的政府：despotism
2：advocacy of a rule by absolute standards or principles
绝对论：提倡一种具有绝对标准或原则的规则
Scandal
A publicized incident that brings about disgrace or offends the moral sensibilities of society
丑事，丑闻
a drug scandal that forced the mayor's resignation
一个迫使市长辞职的毒品丑闻
3.9.2
Despite his brilliant career, Gerald was plagued by doubts and could not ____ his feelings of ____.
A. imagine…worthlessness
B. reconcile…superiority
C. embrace…insecurity
D. dispel…inferiority
E. fathom…levity
Plague
1: n. A widespread affliction or calamity, especially one seen as divine retribution; A sudden destructive influx or injurious outbreak
（高度传染且经常是致命的）瘟疫；突然的灾害
2: v. To afflict with or as if with a disease or calamity
（通过貌似一种疾病或灾难）折磨，使苦恼
Runaway inflation further plagued the wage- or salary-earner. (Edwin O. Reischauer)
正在进行中的通货膨胀进一步折磨着拿薪水的人们。——Edwin O. Reischauer
3.9.3
Jane was both ____ and ____: she was b latantly proud and offensively bold.
A.haughty… impudent
B.irresolute… insolent
C.presumptuous… loquacious
D.arrogant… articulate
E.reverential… contemptuous
Haughty（OG1.5.7）
Scornfully and condescendingly proud
傲慢的，自大的：带有蔑视和屈尊色彩的骄傲
See Synonyms at proud
参见proud
Impudent
Characterized by offensive boldness; insolent or impertinent
鲁莽冒失的，放肆无礼的，厚颜无耻的
See Synonyms at shameless.
参见shameless
Resolute
Firm or determined; unwavering
坚决的，坚定的；不动摇的
派irresolute
Insolent
1：Presumptuous and insulting in manner or speech; arrogant
行为态度或言辞傲慢的；=arrogant
2：Audaciously rude or disrespectful; impertinent.
无礼的，鲁莽的；＝impertinent
Presumptuous
Going beyond what is right or proper; excessively forward
放肆的，专横的，冒昧的：超过了正确或合适的界限；过于冒犯了
Loquacious（OG1.2.3）
Very talkative; garrulous
话多的，爱说话的：十分健谈的；唠叨的
Articulate
Expressing oneself easily in clear and effective language
Characterized by the use of clear, expressive language
发音清晰的，表达清楚的
an articulate speaker
一个表达清楚的演讲者
an articulate essay
一篇表达清楚的文章
revere
To regard with awe, deference, and devotion
尊敬（带着敬畏、尊敬及热爱对待）
派reverential
Contemptuous
Manifesting or feeling contempt; scornful
鄙视的（表示轻蔑的；感觉不屑的；=scornful
3.9.4
New Zealand and Spain can accurately be described as ____ because they are diametrically opposite one another on the globe.
A. satellites
B. antipodes
C. reversals
D. bifurcations
E. dichotomies
3.9.5
Ken took his ____ obligations seriously, patiently caring for his mother throughout her long recuperation.
A. filial
B. symbiotic
C. avuncular
D. convivial
E. funerary
Filial
Of, relating to, or befitting a son or daughter
Having or assuming the relationship of child or offspring to parent
子女的
Symbiotic
the living together in more or less intimate association or close union of two dissimilar
organisms (as in parasitism or commensalism) especially: MUTUALISM
共生的，共栖的
Convivial
(1)Fond of feasting, drinking, and good company; sociable
好交际的（喜欢宴会、喝饮和交际）；=sociable
See Synonyms at social
参见social
(2)Merry; festive
欢乐的；狂欢的＝festive
a convivial atmosphere at the reunion
重聚时欢乐的气氛
Funerary
Of or suitable for a funeral or burial
葬礼用的；丧葬的
3.9.6
The sound produced by the youth orchestra was so ____ that even its least experienced members were abashed.
A. cacophonous
B. syncopated
C. harmonious
D. collaborative
E. mellifluous
Cacophonous
Having a harsh, unpleasant sound; discordant
声音刺耳的，难听的；令人不快的
Abashed
To make ashamed or uneasy; disconcert
使羞愧，使不安；=disconcert
See Synonyms at embarrass
参见embarrass
Collaborate
(1)To work together, especially in a joint intellectual effort
（在科学，艺术方面，尤指在智力方面的）合作
派collaborative
(2) To cooperate treasonably, as with an enemy occupation force in one's country 勾结通敌（比如同侵占自己国家的敌人合作）
Mellifluous
Flowing with sweetness or honey
Smooth and sweet
（音乐、声音等）甜蜜的；流畅优美的