直接引语变间接引语的转换
直接引语变间接引语的转换：
（一）如何变人称：
口诀：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。
“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。如：
She said. “My brother wants to go with me. ”→She said her brother wanted to go with her.
“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人称所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称。如：
He said to Kate.“How is your sister now?”→ He asked Kate how her sister was then.
“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。如：
Mr. Smith said, “Jack is a good worker.”→ Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worke r.
（二）时态的变化
①如果引述动词为现在时态，间接引语的动词可以保持原来的时态。
He says, “I have been writing a novel.”------- He says that he has been writing a novel.
He says:"that's all right."----- He says that's all right.
②如果引述动词为过去时态，间接引语中的时间就要往后推，即现在时间推至过去时间，过去时间推至过去的过去，将来时间推至过去将来时间。具体变化见下表：
She said:"I am a student."------- She said (that) she was a student.(一般现在时变成一般过去时)
She said："He will go to see his friend"-----She said he would go to see his friend.(一般将来时变成过去将来时) Tom said:"I am going to play basketball tomorrow."
The teacher said, “You are doing OK.”老师说：“你们干得很不错。”
The teacher said we were doing OK. 老师说我们干得很不错。（现在进行时变为过去进行时）
She said, “I am reading a book."
I asked her, “Where have you spent your holiday?”我问她：“你去哪里度假了？”
I asked her where she had spent her holiday. 我问她去哪里度假了。（现在完成时变为过去完成时）
She said, “I went to Shanghai.” 她说：“我去过上海。”
She said that she had gone to Shanghai. 她说她去过上海。（过去时变为过去完成时）
He said, “I had finished my work before 10 o’clock.” 他说：“我在十点钟前就完成工作了。”
He said that he had finished his work before 10 o’clock.. 他说他在十点钟前就完成工作了。（过去完成时不变）注意以下几种情况：时态不变
1.直接引语是客观真理。
The teacher said, “The earth moves around the sun."------ The teacher said the earth moves around the sun.
2. 直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。
Jack said:"I was doing chores when Tom came in."----Jack said he was doing chores when Tom came in.
3. 直接引语中有具体的过去的某年某月某日，变间接引语时，时态不变。
Jack said:"I was born on April 21,1980"-------- Jack said he was born on April 21,1980.
4. 直接引语是一般现在时，表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作时，变间接引语，时态不变。
He said:"I get up at six every morning."----- He said he gets up at six every morning.
5.如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式或已经是过去时的形式，不用变。
The doctor said ,"You should stay in bed for 2 days."----- The doctor said I should stay in bed for 2 days.
（三）如何变状语。
“We’ll leave here tomorrow,” he said.他说：“我们明天离开这里。”
He said that they would leave there the next day.他说他们将在第二天离开那里。
指示代词由“此”变为“彼”：this-----that, these-----those
He said:"This book is mine."---- He said that book was his.
动词come变成go
（四）如何变换句型
1.陈述句变为以that引导的宾语从句，that可以省略。如：
He said,“I'm happy.”------- He said （that）he was happy.
2.一般疑问句，反义疑问句，选择疑问句变为由if或whether引导的宾语从句，翻译成“是否”如：He asked me,“Does his father know Mr Green?”
---He asked me if his father knew Mr Green.
3.特殊疑问句变为由who, what, where, how等疑问词(连接代词或连接副词)引导的宾语从句，宾语从句必须用陈述语序。如：
He asked me,“Where is Mr Wang?”---He asked me where Mr Wang was.
（注：He asked me,“Which is the best?"
She asked me:"What is in the classroom?"
4.直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语改为tell,ask,order sb (not) to do sth 句型，表示命令。如："Don't make any noise," the teacher said to the students.
------The teacher told the students not to make any noise.
"Open the door,please," she said .----She asked him to open the door.
5. 直接引语如果是Let's开头的祈使句，变为用“suggest +doing或+从句。如：
He said:"Let's go to the movies."-----He suggested going to the movies.
或He suggested that they should go to see the movies.
练习一：
1. I don't know _________ he will come tomorrow. _________ he comes, I'll tell you．
A. if; Whether
B. whether; Whether
C. if; That
D. if; If
2. I don't know _________ the day after tomorrow.
A. when does he come
B. how will he come
C. if he comes
D. whether he'll come
3. Could you tell me _________ the nearest hospital is?
A. what
B. how
C. whether
D. where
4. Could you tell me _________ the radio without any help?
A. how did he mend
B. what did he mend
C. how he mended
D. what he mended
5. I want to know _________.
A. whom is she looking after
B. whom she is looking
C. whom is she looking
D. whom she is looking after
6. Do you know where _________ now?
A. he lives
B. does he live
C. he lived
D. did he live
7. Do you know what time _________?
A. the train leave
B. does the train leave
C. will the train leave
D. the train leaves
8. I don't know _________. Can you tell me, please?
A. how the two players are old
B. how old are the two players
C. the two players are how old
D. how old the two players are
9. The small children don't know _________.
A. what is their stockings in
B. what is in their stockings
C. where is their stockings in
D. what in their stockings
10. I can't understand _________.A. what does Christmas mean B. what Christmas does mean
C. what mean Christmas does
D. what Christmas means
1 The girls asked if they ____ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take
2 Catherine said that she ___ to Guangzhou.
A. has never gone
B. had never gone
C. has never been
D. had never been
3 The students want to know whether they___ dictionary today. A. had B. has C. will have D. are
4 She asked Linda if___ go and get some. A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may
5 Linda said the moon___ round the earth. A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled
习题（二）
1 Can you tell me___ you were born, Betty? A. who B. what C. when D. that
2 I don't know ___ they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when D. where
3 I hardly understand. ___ he has told me. A. that B. what C. which D. who
4 She didn't know___ back soon. A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be
5. I don't know _____ he still lives here after so many years. A. whether B where C. what D. when
6. Do you know _____ they listened to yesterday evening? A. what B when C why D how
7. He asked me _____told me the accident. A whom B which C who D whose
习题（三）
1. They don't know ______their parents are. A that B what C why D which
2. Please tell me ______what last year. A. where does your sister work B where did your sister work
C where your sister works
D where your sister worked
3. She asked me if I knew ______. A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it
4. You must remember ________. A. what your mother said B. what did your mother say
C. your mother said what
D. what has your mother said
5 Did you know ____? A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking for
C. who he is looking for
D. who he is looking after
6 Could you tell me ___? A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing
C. when they will leave Beijing
D. when did they leave Beijing
习题（四）
1. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shop keeper _____ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book.
A. that
B. how
C. what
D. if
2. —I don't know _____ Mr. Green will come to see us. —He will help us with our English. （杭州市）
A. why
B. when
C. how
D. where
3. —We never know _____ the old man is. —They say he is a teacher. （鄂州市）
A. what
B. who
C. which
D. where
4. I was told _____ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers. （重庆市）
A. that how
B. how that
C. when that
D. that when
5. —Do you know _____ ? I'm going to see him. —Sorry, I don't know. （北京市海淀区）
A. where does Mr. Li live
B. where did Mr. Li live
C. where Mr. Li lives
D. where Mr. Li lived
6. —W here do you think _____ he _____ the computer? —Sorry, I have no idea. （南京市）
A. ／; bought
B. has; bought
C. did; buy
D. does; buy
7. I don't feel very well. Mum asked me _____ this morning. （重庆市）
A. what the matter is
B. what is wrong
C. what the matter was
D. what wrong was
8. —Where is Jack? —He is away to spend his holiday. He's gone either to Hangzhou or to Wuhan, but I'm not sure _____ . （南昌市）A. that B. which C. where D. there
单项选择
1 The girls asked if they ____ some food and drink with them.
A. took
B. take
C. takes
D. will take
2 Catherine said that she ___ to Guangzhou.
A. has never gone
B. had never gone
C. has never been
D. had never been
3 The students want to know whether they___ dictation today.
A. had
B. has .
C. will have
D. are
4 She asked Linda if___ go and get some.
A. could she
B. she could
C. she can
D. she may
5 Linda said the moon___ round the earth.
A. travelled
B. has travelled
C. travells
D. had travelled
6. Can you tell me___ you were born, Betty?
A. who
B. what
C. when
D. that
7 I don't know ___ they have passed the exam.
A. what
B. if
C. when
D. where
8 I hardly understand.___ he has told me.
A. that
B. what
C. which
D. who
9. She didn't know___ back soon.
A. whether he would be
B. if would he be
C. he will be
D. if he will come
10.I don't know _____ he still lives here after so many years.
A. whether B where C. what D.when
11. Do you know _____ they listened to yesterday evening?
A. what B when C why D how
12.He asked me _____told me the accident. A whom B which C who D whose
13.They don't know _______their parents are. A that B what C why D which
14.Please tell me ______what last year.
A.where does your sister work
B. where did your sister work
C where your sister works D. where your sister worked
15.She asked me if I knew ______
A. whose pen is it
B. whose pen it was
C. whose pen it is
D. whose pen was it
16. You must remember ________. A. what your mother said B. what did your mother say
C. your mother said what
D. what has your mother said
17. Did you know ____?
A. who he was looking after
B. who was he looking for
C. who he is looking for
D. who he is looking after
18. Could you tell me ___? A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing
C. when they will leave Beijing
D. when did they leave Beijing
19. Could you tell me________? A .where do you live B. who you are waiting for C. who were you waiting for D. where you live in
20.I want to know how long A.has he been back B．has he come back
C.he has been back D．he has come back
21.Do you know ? A．what the news are B．what is the news
C．what the news is D．what are the news
22.I don't know ________ up so early last Sunday.
A. why did he get
B.why he gets
C.why does he get
D. why he got
23..He said _________ there was going to be a meeting that evening.
A.what
B. if
C.that
D. how
按要求转换句型。
1. Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China? Could you tell us?（改写句子）
→Could you tell us _________ Mr. Brown _________ living in China?
2. "Does the girl need any help?” he asked me.（变为复合句）
→He asked me _________ the girl _________ some help．
3. Jim is not a student. Tom is not a student, either.（合并为一个句子）
_________ Jim _________Tom is a student.
4. When does the train leave? I want to know.（改为含宾语从句的复合句）
I want to know _________ the train _________.
5. They went home after they had finished their homework. (用not．．．until改写)
They _________ go home _________ they had finished their homework．
6. Did Peter come here yesterday? Li Lei wants to know. (改为含宾语从句的复合句)
Li Lei wants to know _________ Peter _________ here yesterday.
1).How does he get on with his new classmates? Could you tell me? (改为含有宾语从句的复合句)
Could you tell me how ______ _____ on with his new classmates?
2).What is he doing there? Mother didn't know. (改为含有宾语从句的复合句
Mother didn't know what _______ ______doing there.
3).You'd better ask your mother whether is it cheap enough before you try it on.(改错)
4)What's his name? I asked him.（改为含有宾语从句的复合句）
I asked him what _______ _______ _______.
5)Why didn't he look happy? Could you tell me?(改为含有宾语从句的复合句)
Could you tell me why _______ ______ look happy?
6)Does he still live in that street? I don't know(改为含有宾语从句的复合句)
I don't know ______ he still _______ in that street.
7)Whose children is the old woman looking after?Did you find out? （改为含有宾语从句的复合句）Did you find out whose children the old woman ______ _______ after?
8)The moon moves round the earth. My sister told me.（同上）
My sister told me ______ the moon_______ round the earth.
9) I think it is not going to snow tomorrow.（改错）
10). "Do you want to try something new。" Tom's mother asked him.(同义句转换)
Tom's mother asked him________ ________ ________to try something new.
直接引语变间接引语：
1.He said :“I have left my book in your room.”
2.He asked “Will your sister come back tomorrow?”
3.He asked “Are you a teacher or a student?”
3.He asked “What will you be doing next week?”
4.He said“Open the door.”
5.''Do you speak English? '' he asked me.
6.The student asked Mary,''where do you live?''
7.He said,"His mom will go to Paris
8. ''Do you speak English? '' he often asks me
9.''Did you know him in 2010? '' he often asks me