高中组写作试题

希望之星写作培训材料

一．考试题型范围

议论文在规定时间内完成不少于150字的short essay，要求内容贴切、结构合理、逻辑严谨、表达准确、语句流畅。

二．应试技巧

?审题。审题是做到切题的第一步。所谓审题就是要看清题意，确定文章的中心思想、主题，并围绕中心思想组织材料。

?进行构思，列出简单的提纲，打造文章之骨架：审好题、立好意后，就要写提纲，打造文章的骨架。文章布局要做好几件事：安排好层

次段落，铺设好过渡，处理好开头和结尾。

?扩展成文：根据字数多少扩展成篇。扩展的内容一定要紧扣主题，千万不要写那些与主题不相关的内容。展开的方式包括：顺序法、

举例法、比较法、对比法、说明法、因果法、推导法、归纳法和下

定义等。可以根据需要任选一种或几种方式。

在这一步骤中还需注意三方面问题：

?确保提纲中段落结构的思路与各段主题句的一致性。只有这样，才能保证所写段落不偏题、不跑题。

?要综合考虑各个段落的内容安排，避免段落内容的交叉。

?用好连接词，注意段落间、句子间的连贯性。要做到所写文章层次分明，思路清晰，文字连贯，就需要在句与句之间、段与段之间

架起一座座桥梁，而连接词起的正是桥梁作用。

在扩展的过程中也有些窍门，以下几点可供参考：

1. 在整篇文章中，避免只是用一两个句式或重复用同一词语。英语中存在着极为丰富的同义词，准确地使用同义词可以给读者清新的感觉。同时要灵活运

用各种句式，如倒装句、强调句、省略句、主从复合句、对比句、分词短语、介词短语等，从而增加文章的可读性。

2. 使用不同长度的句子。如果一个意思用一句话写不清楚的话，通过分句和合句或用两句、三句来表达，增强句子的连贯性和表现力。

3. 改变句子的开头方式，不要总是以主、谓、宾、状的次序。可以把状语至于句首，或用分词等。

4. 学会使用过渡词。递进furthermore，moreover，besides，in addition，then，etc ；转折however，but，nevertheless，afterwards，etc ；总结finally，at last，in brief，to conclude，etc ；强调really，indeed，certainly，surely，above a11，etc ；对比in the same way，just as，on the other hand，etc。

5. 确定文章用第几人称写，基本时态是什么。使用人称时人物不能张冠李戴或指代不明。时态要量保持一致。

☆检查修改：要检查复核，不要写完了事。

要留时间通读全文，修改可能出现的错误。检查上下文是否连贯，句子衔接是否自然流畅。检验的标准主要是句子是否通畅，该用连词的地方用了没有，所用的连词是否合适，是否有语法错误，主谓是否一致，动词的时态、语态、语气的使用是否正确，词组的搭配是否合乎习惯，是否有大小写、拼写、标点错误等，还有就是注意卷面整洁。

可归纳为：中心突出，主题明确；层次清楚，条理清晰；表达力强，传情达意；语句通顺，句型多变；过渡自然，衔接紧凑；标点正确，大小无误；字迹清楚，卷面整洁。

三．考试要点记忆

1.必备连词

2.套用句型

优点

1.offer a sense of job satisfaction and security

https://www.360docs.net/doc/bc5305447.html,y a solid foundation for

3.reduce down expenditure

4.increase job needs

5.meet personalized needs

6.promote talent introduction and exchange

7.keep skill fresh and up-to-date

8.pave the way for future development

9.foster a sense of competition and cooperation

10.promote human resource development

11.cultivate the spirit of team working

12.master interpersonal skill

13.widen one’s knowledge

14.enrich one’s social and life experience

15.enlarge one’s view

16.realize the value of life

17.master difficulties

18.grasp good communication skill

19.remove misunderstanding and discrimination

20.raise the standard of living

21.keep balance between work and family

22.improve cultural integration and globalization

23.enrich people’s spiritual life

24.promote social skill and competence

25.cultivate a strong sense of responsibilities

26.bring joy and comfort to

27.relieve the pressure of

28.maintain the community stability

29.make full use of

30.satisfy people’s need

31.promote the development of relative industries

32.stimulate domestic needs

33.impel economic development

34.enhance mutual understanding

35.boost local development

36.promote culture exchange and cooperation

37.enrich one’s experience of life

38.strengthen the ties with outside world

39.foster a climate of peace and prosperity

40.stimulate our feelings of togetherness/team working

缺点

1.put sb / sth at risk/ in danger

2.be a serious setback for the career development

3.be lack of a sense of job security

4.distract sb from doing

5.impose/put a heavy strain on

6.be exaggerated and cheating

7.be the invasion of privacy

8.violate rights of free speech

9.endanger social stability and safety

10.restrain sb from doing sth

11.arouse resistance in public

12.be very orthodox in one’s behavior

13.be lack of a sense of job security

14.go astray

15.undermine local culture

16.jeopardize the safety and stability of society

17.set/present a bad example to

18.lead to the extinction of some species

19.result in shortage of energy and natural resources

20.be irreversible damage

21.fatal diseases

22.bring disgrace on sb

23.suffer heavy losses

24.easily cause stress-related illness

https://www.360docs.net/doc/bc5305447.html,ck infrastructures

26.break the ecological balance

27.lead to the extravagant waste of public funds

28.make sth in disorders/in great chaos

29.be detached from

30.be harmful to your physical and mental health

31.lead to the degradation of social atmosphere

32.further/widen the gap between the rich and the poor

33.be the drying up of our limited natural resources and deterioration of the

environment

34.contaminate environment

35.generate electromagnetic radiation

36.be a root of all evil

37.be easily taken in by

38.aggravate the traffic jams and worsen the crowdedness

39.will pay a high price for this negative development of

40.bring about the risks such as computer virus, nuclear leakage, biological

weapons, global warning, exhaustion of natural resources and extinction of many plant and animal species

SAMPLES

●Should Old People Living with Their children?

One of the topics in our daily life is whether or not the older people should live with their adult children. My answer to the question is that it is better for them not to.

To begin with, adult children, like their parents, love independence and freedom, but their parents may still take them as children. The situation will be worse when the adult children are married. If the relationship between the children and file parents is not harmonious, the sons or daughters of the parents will be in a difficult position. Secondly, people of different ages have different ways of life. If they live together, the old may feel that they are always disturbed and the young may feel that they are often restricted.

In short, if the parents and their adult children do not live together, both the old and the young can enjoy complete independence and freedom. Living separately does not mean separation of relations. The parents and their children can still often visit and help each other if they stay in the same neighborhood.

●What Is Y our Opinion on Children’s Pocket Money?

Nowadays, it is a commonplace that children own startle amount of pocket money. These new moneybags never earned one dollar but had glorious consumptive point of view. As far as I am concerned, we should decrease their pocket money. The reasons can be listed as following.

First, money produces negative effect on children. As I can see, there are few children could make a correct decision on purchasing, especially as the sum of the money is affluent. They always use it in some harmful ways, such as trying to drink and smoke. It is danger both on their physical and mental aspects.

Second, parents should change their way to express their love. In China, giving a little money to children is a traditional way to show the love of the adult. With the increasing amount of money that has been given, some children become a moneybag during one night. In this reason, changing the way to express our feeling is necessary. We should reduce children’s money as well as the bad influence from money.

At last but not least, schools and our society would offer the kids an opportunity to earn money by their labor. The proverb goes: no pay no gain. The junior moneybags cannot image the difficulties to earn money if they never try.

From what has been discussed above, we come to the conclusion that we cannot ignore the gradually increasing pocket money of children, because money would bring pernicious implication on children.

●Computers Are Good or Not?

With the development of computer-technology, computers are becoming more and more popular with people all over the world. The frequency of using computer has risen year by year. The advantages taken over by computers can be seen everywhere.

Due to the comprehensive applications of the computer, it has been gradually taking place of human beings in some areas, such as people can use computers to compose, to purchase goods, and to hold meetings. What's more, computer can greatly enhance people's working efficiency.

However, everything has its two aspects. Computer also has some disadvantages. Take some examples. Since computer games now have been more prevalent among students, they almost spend more than 6 hours for entertainment on computer, and not study any more. Next, many people now like to communicate with their friends on line, and they meet less frequent than ever before. As a result, the lack of the language speaking leads to their expression barriers.

In short, we should make the best use of its good aspect to get further more improvement.

●Do Y ou Agree to Build A Large Factory Near Y our Neighborhood?

The recent announcement that a company wishes to build a large factory near our community arouses different reactions from the residents.

Building such a factory will bring some benefits to the community. The most obvious advantage will be the increase in jobs. An equally welcome benefit will be the money that those new employees will spend for goods and services in our shops and stores. Further, the products the company manufactures will improve our lives.

However, there are some disadvantages in sitting the factory here. During its construction there will be a lot of noise and inconvenience to nearby residents. The new plant will produce waste products and pollutes which may harm the environment and threaten our health.

After weighing the advantages and disadvantages, I support the decision to set up the factory here. I believe if we realize the disadvantages before the construction begins, we can take action to minimize them.

●How to Keep Health?

Health is far more important than wealth and wisdom. Good health enables us to enjoy our life and achieve what we hope for in our career. On the contrary, poor health tends to deprive us of our interest in everything around us. How to stay healthy concerns everyone, though we have advanced medicine. When we discuss this, some fundamental principles should be brought in mind.

Firstly, it is very important for us to take more fruits and vegetables because they provide vitamins and they help in the process of digestion. Secondly, we have to keep a balanced diet and maintain regular eating habits. Proper nutrition is important for good health. Avoid food with lots of sugar and fat. Eat plenty of foods high in protein. Thirdly, we would better do morning exercise every day, do sports frequently to make our bodies strong. Besides, we have to avoid too much work pressure. Getting too tired all the time may definitely weaken our defense system, making us get sick easily. Finally, we have to get rid of those bad habits that damage our health, such as drinking and smoking.

In conclusion, if we stick to things according to the aspects mentioned above, we will lead a healthy life and become as fit as a fiddle.

●Should Newspaper Be Replaced?

Some people hold that the newspaper is bound to be media of the past. To start with, time plays the most important role. As is shown, what has been in the newspaper is outdated. That is to say, if we want to approach the latest news, newspaper is simply not a good way. For example, on Sept. 11, the moment the event took place, Internet and TV followed right away. That’s just what technology has brought us. To follow is its limitation in reporting news. No newspaper can present all aspects of our life, for each serves a different goal. That means we have to consult different newspapers to meet our different needs. Compared with other ways of media, computer, for instance, through which we can get everything we want to know with only a little tapping of our fingers, is superior.

Quite on the contrary, others hold the opinion that even with the development of science and technology, newspaper, as symbol of the traditional media, won't disappear, for some of its advantages can't be replaced. First of all, it's convenient to carry about wherever you are. Newspapers can be easily packed in your suitcase, and can be bought everywhere. How to imagine carrying a computer, only for several pieces of news? Second, newspapers offer a free choice for its readers. Having a news paper, you can select what you do or do not want to read while TV or radio or even computer will probably confine your eyes to those that you regard as rubbish. Last, newspapers offer comments. Generally speaking, newspapers, especially formal ones, include formal remarks on the important events that provide you with a better

understanding.

Concerning those two opposed opinions, I support the latter. Though the highly developed science and technology influence almost every corner of the world and quicken the pace of globalization which makes the idea of "sharing the source" come true, newspaper, as the traditional way of media, cannot be abolished, not only because of its irreplaceable advantages but its collectability and its inner charm of witnessing the good old days. The form changes, but the spirit never.

●Success and Failure

Failure is the mother of success. Sometimes people have to cope with many mistakes and failures in order to reach the successful finals. While others might succumb to failure, they tend to retreat and give in their efforts. Success often provides confidence and satisfaction, nevertheless failure companies with bitter, sadness, and suffering. It seems people have to learn through each experience, as success doesn‘t always falls from heaven.

I remembered I used to fail on my vocabulary test when I was in high school. I had problem to memorize new words which got lost each day. I almost decided to give up English, but was obliged to one of my neighbor classmates who kept on sending small sheet for me. In the end of the semester, I found I had finished my vocabulary book which became a work force in reading English. I then realized that a new word came and left our brains for several times. Nobody is born as genius for success. Success tends to arrive after a serial of trials and failures.

Of course, success brings confidence and victory. But, life is not always easy and comfortable. There are more difficulties than eases in the real life. It is likely that we have to face some failures ahead. Therefore, those who learn how to deal and endure failures will taste their success eventually.

●Competition and Cooperation

Competition is common in every field of life. For example, the Olympic Games is the most famous competition in the world. In the four hundred meter swimming race, the swimmers plunge into the water at the signal. Each swings his or her arms and legs and tries his or her best to be the first. Also there is the competition for jobs, for promotion, for customers, and so on. We can say, in a certain sense, competition stimulates people's interest in work and helps society to go forward.

We often find that competition goes hand in trend with cooperation. Take, for example, a volley ball match. The members of the team cooperate with each other. One serves the ball, Then another passes the ball to a certain height for a still other to hit it over the net while the other members try to block it on its return. It requires good team

work to win the game.

While we advocate competition, we cannot forget cooperation. Human beings are social beings. No one can exist alone in the society. If you want to play the game well, you have to play with others. Y ou cannot play single-handed and win. Y ou have to cooperate with your playmates, who may make the social ladder for you to climb to the top. From cooperation we get mutual help and understanding. With cooperation the world is progressing at peace and in harmony.

●Equality

In the days when a woman's entire obligation was to be a good daughter, a good wife and a good mother, men and women were far from equal. Women suffered sexual discrimination until the so-called feminism came into being. Nowadays, feminism has been running for over a century. Result? It ran into the extreme of "equality" from my perspective.

Most of us agree that men and women should enjoy equality in this modern society. But what on earth does this equality mean? To be "equal", those for feminism would like to share everything with men they split bills, apply for masculine jobs, etc. They intended to buy in all the advantages and disadvantages of being a man. On their long journey to the "equal world”, they’ve forgotten some basic facts they ARE women. Even school children know that women, after all, are different from men both physically and mentally. It is unwise or even stupid, to ignore all these differences and pursue a so called "equal world". We couldn't expect a man to give birth to a baby as we couldn't expect the sun to rise in the west. Likewise, we couldn't expect a woman to become the world's fastest runner, as is simple, but seems forgotten by those feminists.

Equality is not bisecting everything. Real equality should be built upon the common sense of the basic sexual differences. Since some of the jobs can only be done well enough by men, women should not feel discriminated when we fail. After all, there’re also some jobs, which can only be perfectly done with women's hands. These are not symbols of inequality, but natural laws. What really counts is equality in rights, reputation, etc. Only when all the individuals value the spirit of being equal can women really enjoy equality with men.

●Studying Abroad

Nowadays many Chinese students are interested in studying abroad. They spend much more time, energy and money on the preparation for studying abroad than on their own majors in college. And some of them even begin to prepare for GRE and TOFEL at the beginning of their college life.

Why are they so over-enthusiastic about studying abroad? One of the reasons may be that they prefer a different style of life, which can open a new world to them and help enrich their experiences. Moreover, he or she will become a multi-cultural person. Secondly, they can improve their foreign language quickly, and thus they are likely to get a good job. Lastly, better laboratory equipment and large amounts of information may be another attraction for many students.

However, as everything has two sides, there are also some problems in attending a foreign university such as language barrier, lack of knowledge of the local culture, etc. Therefore, misunderstandings often arise; in addition, the cost of living is so high that the students have to find part-time jobs in order to help support themselves. This may cause them not to pay full attention to their studies and fail in their courses and learn little.

As for me, I would like to study abroad in the future. But the cost is too high for me to afford, so I will work for several years in China after graduation, Then I think I will be better prepared not only in finance but also in experiences, so that I may catch an opportunity to study abroad.