案例分析：搭配框架分析

案例分析：搭配框架分析

--以Sinclair & Renouf的研究为例

李文中

河南师范大学外国语学院

2011

需要使用的文件及软件

?AntConc

?data/NNS_TXT/dataset1/raw ?WPS表格或MS EXCEL ?Editpad Pro

了解什么？

?研究者的研究思路、方法、路径、意义

?文献阅读视角、梳理思路、及批评方法

文献源

John McH. Sinclair and Antoinette Renouf, A lexical syllabus for language learning

Antoinette Renouf a Antoinette Renouf and nd nd John John John McH. McH. Sinclair,

Collocational frameworks in English

研究背景 (Renouf and Sinclair)

?G rammatical words also also have

have collocates

?C ommon grammatical ommon grammatical words also combine with each other in various

ways

?T he discontinuous pairings, or 'frameworks','frameworks',have have have the tendency to the tendency to the tendency to 'enclose' characteristic groupings of words

研究目的

? to investigate aspects of the framework phenomenon in a more framework

detailed and quantitative way detailed and quantitative

?to raise questions that seem to us to warrant future

to warrant future attention.

定义

Goran Kjellmer （1987）：?Goran Kjellmer

collocation is "a sequence of collocation is

words that occurs more than once in in identical form. . . and which is grammatically well-structured."

定义

?Renouf and Sinclair:

'frameworks' consist of a

–'frameworks' consist of a

discontinuous sequence of two

one word words, positioned at one word

remove from each other;

–they are therefore not grammatically selfstanding;

–their well formedness is dependent

on what intervenes

研究理据

?Co-occurrences among Co-occurrences among grammatical words words are are are far more common than far more common than among combinations among combinations of grammatical of grammatical and lexical words

?The 'framework' is an integral part of the language

?It is currently not accounted for in descriptions of the language

?In grammar, it lies somewhere between word and group; in lexis, it it is missed by conventional definitions of collocation, lexical item and phrase

item and

?semantics has no means of dealing with such grammatical

with such grammatical co-occurrences, either as two individual items or as a unit with individual items or as a unit with interdependent meaning.

研究目的

?the framework and its collocates ?6 pairings of high-frequency grammatical words:

a + ? + of a + ? + of be + ? + to be + ? + to be + ? + to

for + ? + of for + ? + of an + ? + of

an + ? + of too + ? + to too + ? + to had + ? + of

had + ? + of many + ? + of

研究方法和工具

?based on two sections of the Birmingham

Birmingham Collection of English Text: a one-million-word corpus of spoken

a one-million-word corpus of spoken British English,

?a 10-million-word corpus of written British English

British

数据分析

?a very high rate of recurrence of types in proportion to the number types in proportion to

of framework tokens

the frameworks

the frameworks are highly selective of their collocates

the differing degree of there exists the differing degree of ?there exists

productivity of the different productivity

frameworks

Focusing on triplets

?these frameworks attract nouns of different types as collocates

the hierarchy of

thee exists the hierarchy of ?thee exists

attraction between the

attraction between the collocates and the a/an + ? + of framework

结果分析

a couple of accounts for 62 per ?a couple of

cent of all the occurrences of couple in the

in the corpus

?a series of, a pair of and a lot of each account for over

each account for over 50 per cent of the total corpus instances of series, pair and lot

结论

two very common grammatical words, ?two very common grammatical

one on either side, offer a firm basis for studying

studying collocations

the choice of word class and collocate ?the choice of word class and

is specific, and governed by both elements in the framework

the high type-token ratio as a clear ?the high type-token ratio as a clear indication that the frameworks are statistically important

evidence in support of a Offered evidence in support of a ?Offered

growing awareness

growing awareness that the normal use of language is to select more than one word at

than one word at a time, and to blend such selections with each other (Sinclair

(Sinclair 1987a; cf. Altenberg 1990b)

问题

?Article + ? + Prep是否具有相似的特征？有何差异？