高中英语一轮总复习 第2部分语法考点讲练第八讲 名词性从句
第八讲名词性从句
名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句及同位语从句)是高考卷中的难点，一般情况下，语法填空与短文改错中会出现一道题目。书面表达中的名词性从句绝对是“增分点”。
命题趋势：名词性从句的考查点主要集中在宾语从句上，特别是引导词的选择与判断，其中what和that是考查的重点。
考点一that引导的名词性从句
1．that引导主语从句
①That you didn't know the rules won't be the excuse for your failure.
你不知道规则不能成为你失败的借口。
②As I searched the name Linda on the Internet，it became evident that there're two with the same name who look completely different.
当我在网上搜索琳达这个名字的时候，很显然有两个看着完全不同但姓名相同的人。
③It is announced in today's newspaper that Trump will pay a visit to China next week.
今天报纸上宣称特朗普下周将访问中国。
[规律总结]
连词that在引导名词性从句时本身没有意义，在从句中不担任任何句子成分，但引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时不能省略。在宾语从句中有时可以省略。1．that引导主语从句位于句首时，本身无意义，但是不可以省略。
2．that从句作主语时，常用it作形式主语，常见的句型有：
①It＋be＋形容词(obvious，true，natural，surprising，good，wonderful，funny，possible，likely，certain，probable，etc.)＋that从句。
②It＋be＋名词词组(no wonder，an honor，a good thing，a pity，no surprise，etc.)＋that从句。
③It＋be＋过去分词(said，reported，thought，expected，decided，announced，arranged，etc.)＋that从句。
2．that引导宾语从句
①Experts believe that people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.
专家们认为必要的时候才购物可以减少食物的浪费。
②Tom is a nice boy，except that he is sometimes late for school.
汤姆是个很棒的男孩，除了有时候上学迟到外。
③I find it necessary that we should spend more time practising spoken English.
我发现我们有必要花更多时间练习英语口语。
[规律总结]
1．常见的可以接that(that可以省略)从句作宾语的动词有see，say，know，imagine，discover，believe，tell，show，think，consider等。在可以接复合宾语的动词之后，如think，make，consider等，可以用it作形式宾语。
2．that从句一般不能充当介词宾语，偶尔可作except，in的宾语。
3．that引导表语从句和同位语从句
①My decision is that all of us are to start at 6 o'clock tomorrow morning.(表语从句) 我的决定是我们所有人明天早上6点出发。
②He has made a promise to his boss that he'll return in three days as long as he can get to the destination in time.(同位语从句)
他向他的老板承诺只要他能及时到达目的地就会在三天后回来。
[规律总结]
1．that引导表语从句时，一般不能省略。
2．that引导同位语从句时，放在某些抽象名词如fact，hope，desire，thought，suggestion，idea，news，problem，possibility等后，对前面的名词起补充说明的作用，that只起引导作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，但一般不能省略。
考点二whether/if(是否)引导的名词性从句
①It remains to be seen whether the newly-formed committee's policy can be put into practice.(主语从句，不可用if代替whether)
新组成的委员会制定的政策是否能实施还有待观察。
②I didn't know whether/if he would attend the concert.(宾语从句，可用if代替whether)
我并不知道他是否参加音乐会。
③The question is whether it is worth trying.(表语从句，不可用if代替whether)
问题是值不值得试一试。
④He asked her the question whether they can be friends.(同位语从句，不可用if代替whether)
他问了她一个问题：他们能否成为朋友。
⑤I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness.(介词后的宾语从句中，不可用if代替whether)
我担心他是否能熬过这次病危。
[规律总结]
1．whether和if在宾语从句中经常可以互换，但下列情况常用whether，不用if。
(1)与or或or not连用时只能用whether；
(2)从句作介词宾语时只能用whether。
2．在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时一般用whether不用if。
考点三who，why，how，where，when等引导的名词性从句
①As natural architects，the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
普韦布洛印第安人确切地知道，要想使这个循环大部分时间都在运行，土坯墙需要多厚。
②When opportunity knocks，please answer the door.Don't keep asking who it is.
当机会来敲门时，请开门，不要总是问那是谁。
③I don't know why it was that our headmaster was absent from such an important meeting.
我不知道到底为什么我们的校长会缺席如此重要的会议。
④Some students even have no idea of why they are studying，so they waste much time playing.
有些学生甚至不知道他们为什么学习，所以他们浪费了很多时间来玩。
⑤We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.
我怀疑他们是否能按时完成任务。
[规律总结]
1．who，why，how，where，when等引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语。2．能接who，why，how，where，when等引导的宾语从句的动词很多，常见的有see，tell，ask，answer，know，decide，imagine，suggest，doubt，wonder，show，discuss，understand，inform，advise等。
3．who，why，how，where，when等可引导介词的宾语从句。
4．who，why，how，where，when等还可引导表语从句和同位语从句。
考点四what，wh-ever引导的名词性从句
①“Every time you eat a sweet，drink green tea.” This is what my mother used to tell me.(表语从句)
“每次你吃糖的时候要喝点绿茶。”这是我妈妈过去常常告诉我的事情。
②Whoever wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.(主语从句)
任何一个想要住旅店的人都必须自己付钱。
③We promise whoever attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.(宾语从句)
我们承诺无论谁参加晚会，都有一次机会与这位电影明星合影。
④Whatever/No matter what you say，I will not believe you.(让步状语从句)
无论你说什么，我都不相信。
[规律总结]
1．what引导名词性从句时，what可在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语。2．“疑问词＋-ever”可引导名词性从句，在从句中要充当一定的成分。whoever 与whatever表泛指，意为“无论谁”“无论什么”；whichever表示在特定范围内选择，意为“无论……的哪一个/哪一些”。
3．“疑问词＋-ever”还可以引导让步状语从句。
4．“no matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。
考点五同位语从句与定语从句的区别
①The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.(同位语从句，进一步解释the news的内容)
他们赢得比赛的消息很快就传遍了整个学校。
②The news (that) you told me yesterday was really disappointing.(定语从句，它指的是“你昨天告诉我的那个消息”)
你昨天告诉我的消息真的很令人失望。
[规律总结]
1．同位语从句是对前面名词的内容作进一步的解释说明，引导词that只起引导作用，在句中不作任何成分，一般不可以省略。
2．定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰、限制，引导词在句中作一定的句子成分。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2018·高考全国新课标卷Ⅲ) I'm not sure ________ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩)that suddenly appears out of nowhere.
2．(2018·辽宁重点高中协作校段考)Ann stepped outside the front door to see ________ the weather was like.
3．(2017·山东济南一中月考)________ you have to do is to put the glass down, rest for a while before holding it up again.
4．(2017·高考天津卷)She asked me ________ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn't.
5．(2016·高考天津卷)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ________ the weather may be better.
6．(2015·高考北京卷)I truly believe ________ beauty comes from within. 7．(2015·高考安徽卷) A ship in harbor is safe，but that's not ________ ships are built for.
8．(2015·高考浙江卷)If you swim in a river or lake，be sure to investigate ________ is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water. 9．(2015·高考福建卷)—I wonder ________ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.
—By working out every day.
10．(2015·高考湖南卷)You have to know ________ you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.
【答案】1.which 2.what 3.What 4.whether 5.when 6.that 或不填7.what 8.what9.how10.where
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2018·河南南阳一中第三次模拟考试) And that's which I want to do: make a
difference to them and let them know that people do care.
_____________________________________________________________ 2．(2018·沈阳铁路实验中学月考)The reason for this is why I would like to share my knowledge with my students and help them solve problems.
_____________________________________________________________ 3．(2018·豫西南部分示范性高中联考) I'd appreciate it that you could be so kind to give me some useful advice.
_____________________________________________________________ 4．(2016·高考全国新课标卷Ⅲ) The summer holiday is coming.My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday.
_____________________________________________________________
5．The last moment for the football players was that they scored the winning goal.
_____________________________________________________________
【答案】1.which→what 2.why→that 3.that→if
4．how→what 5.that→when
Ⅲ.语法填空
A
I am going to tell you an unbelievable thing that happened in my restaurant today.
This afternoon a poorly-dressed gentleman came into my restaurant.Nobody knew 1.________ he was.We wondered 2.________ he was so hungry.We were surprised 3.________ he finished two orders of food in a very limited time.We doubted 4.________ the man was able to pay the bill.The gentleman asked 5.________ we would mind waiting for just a few minutes.Then we were shocked to see 6.________ he took out of a letter——a million pound bank note.
I asked Mr.Clements 7.________ it was genuine.Mr.Clements said it was true because two of this amount had been issued by the Bank of England this year.He thought 8.________ the gentleman showed them couldn't be a false.
9．________ a gentleman with a million pound bank note was in rags and ate in our small restaurant was a big puzzle to all the people there.I really couldn't describe 10.________ excited I was.
【答案】1.who 2.why 3.that 4.whether/if 5.whether/if 6.that7.whether/if 8.what9.Why10.how
B
Miss Lee and her classmate Mary went to Guizhou and worked as volunteer teachers 1.________ they graduated from university.It took them three hours to reach the top of the mountain from 2.________ they could see the whole village and the school 3.________ they were looking forward to for long.The moment they arrived at the school 4.________ there were beautiful flowers and tall trees，they felt quite relieved.5.________ impressed them most was 6.________ the students studied extremely hard though they even lacked textbooks.It struck them 7.________ they had collected some textbooks and cartoon books 8.________ they came to the school.There is no denying the fact 9.________ Lee and Mary would never forget the big smiles on the students' faces 10.________ encouraged them a lot.
【答案】1.after 2.where 3.that/which 4.where
5．What 6.that7.that8.before9.that
10．which/that
初中英语语法宾语从句讲解_专项练习及答案
初中英语语法宾语从句讲解，专项练习及答案注意！宾语从句小口诀： 宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词； 主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制； 主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时； 陈述句转化that引，一般疑问句用if/whether, 特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。 一、基本讲解 1 概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语。eg, He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语) He asks him how long Mike has been down . (动词宾语) Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介词宾语) 2.连接词 (1) .陈述句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用that,口语中常常省略。 e.g, She told me (that) she would like to go with us. (2)以whether 或if 引导的宾语从句, 主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句，从句同样是陈述语序 eg, I wonder if /whether u have told the new to Li Lei . 注意：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用，但有些情况例外。 a. 当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether 不用if eg, We are talking about whether we'll go on the pinic. b. 引导词与动词不定式或not 连用时，只用whether. eg, Please let me know what to do next. Could you tell me whether u go or not? c. if当如果讲时，引导的是条件状语从句，这时不能用whether. (3).特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用特殊疑问词；引导词后要用陈述句语序。 E.g. Could you tell me what's the matter\wrong with you? 特殊情况：：当do you think后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，句式结构应为引导词＋do you think＋陈述句语序。 3.宾语从句时态
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=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter. 介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定，该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。例如： The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University. =The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University. The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century. =The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century. ﹙2﹚非限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开)。 ①直接由引导词引导定语从句。 ②由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导。 I live in a house far away from the city，in front of which is a big tree. There is an apple tree standing at the gate，on which are many apples. This is the man to whom I gave the book. ③由“代词/名词+of+whom/which”或“of which/ whom +名词/代词”(先行词指 人用whom，指物用which)引导。One，some，any，none，all，both，several，many，most，neither，either等词、数词、分数或百分比与of whom或of which连用。 He has five children，two of whom are abroad. (比较：He has five children，and two of them are abroad.) We have three books，none of which is/are interesting. (比较：We have three books，but none of them is/are interesting.) 除why和that不能引导非限定性定语从句外，其余引导词都可以，用法同限定性定语从句一样。但要注意以下区别。
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名从引导词连接代词：what, which, who, whom, whose, whatever, whichever, whomever, whomever 连接副词：when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however 4.名词性从句引导词的句法功能 （1）连接词： （2）连接代词： （3）连接副词 5.名词性从句解题方法 三、状语从句 1.状语从句的引导词： 时间状语从句： 地点状语从句： 原因状语从句： 让步状语从句： 条件状语从句： 结果状语从句： 目的状语从句： 比较状语从句： 方式状语从句： 2.状语从句解题方法 The evening, _________ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late. A. that B. which C. what D. when 2.（2010福建）We should respect food and think about the people who don’t have _____we have here and treat food nicely. A. that B. which C. what D. whether 3.（2008湖南）__________ the Internet is of great help, I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much time on it. A. If B. While C. Because D. As 4.（2008重庆）They will fly to Washington, _________ they plan to stay for tow or three days. A. where B. there C. which D. when
赖氏经典英语语法—名词性从句
名词性从句 名词性从句包括宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。 名词性从句一共有三种：1）that从句；2）whether从句；3）疑问词所引导的从句。 分项说明如下： 1）that从句 任何一个主语起首的陈述句前面冠以that，即成that从句。 He enjoys dancing. That he enjoys dancing. 2）whether从句 由可用yes/no回答的问句，即一般疑问句变化而成。 a) 问句有be动词时：Is he happy? Whether he is happy. b) 问句有一般助动词（can, will, may, should, ought to, must, have）时： Can he do it? Whether he can do it c) 问句有do, does, did等助动词时：主语与助动词还原，再将do, does, did去掉，后面的动词依人称和时态变化。 Did he come? Whether he came 3）疑问词所引导的从句 由疑问词（when, what, how, where, why）等引导的问句，即特殊疑问词，变化而成。 a) 问句有be动词时：What is he doing? What he is doing. b) 问句有一般助动词（can, will, may, should, ought to, must, have）时： 主语与助动词还原，前面保留疑问词。Where can he find it? Where he can find it. c) 问句有do, does, did等助动词时： 主语与助动词还原，前面保留疑问词，再将do, does, did去掉，动词依人称和时态变化。 What did he write? What he wrote. 注： Who, what, which为疑问代词，若在问句中作主语，变成名词性从句时，结构不变。 Who came here? Who came here. 名词性从句的功能： 1）作主语 Where he lives is still in doubt. 2）作及物动词的宾语 I know that he will go abroad in the near future. 3）作介词的宾语 a)此时仅能用whether从句或疑问词引导的名词性从句作宾语。That从句不可作介词的宾语。 I am worried about whether he can do it. prep. o. I am curious about how he’ll cope with the problem.