英语的基本成分有七种

英语的基本成分有七种
英语的基本成分有七种

英语的基本成分有七种:主语subject、谓语predicate、表语predicative、宾

语object、定语attribute、状语(adverbial) 和补语complement。

英语五种基本句型列式如下

一、主+谓

二、主+系+表

三、主+谓+宾

四、主+谓+间宾+直宾

五、主+谓+宾+宾补

基本句型一主谓

主语:可以作主语的成分有名词:如boy、主格代词如you、动词不定式、动名词等。

主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家

谓语:谓语由动词构成是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词:vi 没有宾语形成主谓结构如We come.

此句型的句子有一个共同特点即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不

及物动词后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。

1. The sun │was shining. 太阳在照耀着。

2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。

3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。

4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。

5. Who │cares? 管它呢

6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。

7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。

8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。

基本句型二主系表

此句型的句子有一个共同的特点句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思必须加上一

个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫叫做连系动

词。

系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类,表示情况。get, grow, become, turn等属另一类表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词:look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来

不错,feel good/感觉好smell bad/难闻│是系动词│

1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。

2. The dinner │smells │good. 午餐的气味很好。

3. He │fell │in love. 他堕入了情网。

4. Everything │looks │different. 一切看来都不同了。

5. He │is growing │tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮

6. The trouble│is │that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。

7. Our well │has gone │dry. 我们井干枯了。

8. His face │turned │red. 他的脸红了。

There be 结构There be 表示‘存在有’。这里的there没有实际意义不可与副词‘there 那里’混淆。

此结构后跟名词表示‘存在有某事物’试比较There is a boy there.那儿有一

个男孩。/前一个there无实意后一个there为副词‘那里’。

基本句型三主谓宾

此句型句子的共同特点是谓语动词都具有实义都是主语产生的动作但不能表达完整

的意思必须跟有一个宾语即动作的承受者才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。

宾语位于及物动词之后一般同主语构成一样不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘宾格’

如me him them等│及物动词│

1. Who │knows │the answer? 谁知道答案

2. She │smiled │her thanks. 她微笑表示感谢。

3. He │has refused │to help them. 他拒绝帮他们。

4. He │enjoys │reading. 他喜欢看书。

5. They │ate │what was left over. 他们吃了剩饭。

6. He │said │"Good morning." 他说"早上好"

7. I │want │to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。

8. He │admits │that he was mistaken. 他承认犯了错误。

基本句型四主谓间宾直宾

有些及物动词可以有两个宾语如give给pass递bring带show显示。这两个宾语

通常一个指人为间接宾语,一个指物为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。

一般的顺序为动词+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语。如Give me a cup of tea,please. 强调间接宾语顺序为动词+ 直接宾语+介词+ 间接宾语。如Show this house to Mr.Smith.

若直接宾语为人称代词动词+ 代词直接宾语+介词+ 间接宾语。如Bring it to me,please.

│及物多指│多指物

1. She │ordered │herself │a new dress. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳。

2. She │cooked │her husband │a delicious meal. 她给丈夫煮了一顿美餐。

3. He │brought │you │a dictionary. 他给你带来了一本字典。

4. He │denies │her │nothing. 他对她什么都不拒绝。

5. I │showed │him │my pictures. 我给他看我的照片

6. I │gave │my car │a wash. 我洗了我的汽车。

7. I │told │him │that the bus was late. 我告诉他汽车晚点了。

8. He │showed │me │how to run the machine. 他教我开机器。

基本句型五主谓宾宾补

此句型的句子的共同特点是动词虽然是及物动词但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的

意思必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语才能使意思完整。

宾语补足语位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系它们一起构成复合宾语。

名词/代词宾格+ 名词

The war made him a soldier./战争使他成为一名战士.

名词/代词宾格+ 形容词

New methods make the job easy./新方法使这项工作变得轻松.

名词/代词宾格+ 介词短语

I often find him at work./我经常发现他在工作.

名词/代词宾格+ 动词不定式

The teacher ask the students to close the windows./老师让学生们关上窗户.

名词/代词宾格+ 分词

I saw a cat running across the road./我看见一只猫跑过了马路.

│及物│宾语│宾补

1. They │appointed │him │manager. 他们任命他当经理。

2. They │painted │the door │green. 他们把门漆成绿色

3. This │set │them │thinking. 这使得他们要细想一想。

4. They │found │the house │deserted. 他们发现那房子无人居住。

5. What │makes │him │think so? 他怎么会这样想

6. We │saw │him │out. 我们送他出去

7. He │asked │me │to come back soon. 他要我早点回来。

8. I │saw │them │getting on the bus. 我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。

附录主语在动词前的人或物。

谓语根据人称、事态变化的动词。

表语be动词后面的人或物。

副词修饰动词的词。

介词固定搭配在介词后的动词要用动名词形式。

名词人、物、事。

宾语在动词后的人或物。

宾格代词作宾语时用的形式。

主格宾格所有格(形容词性物主代词&名词性物主代词) I我作主语me我作宾语my(我的,后面加名词) mine(后不加名词) you(你,你们,作主语) you(你,你们作宾语) your(你,你们的,同上) yours(同上)

she(她,做主语) her(她,作宾语) her(她的,同上) hers(同上)

he(他,做主语) him(他,作宾语) his(他的,同上) his(同上)

it(它,做主语) it(它,作宾语) its(它的,同上) its(同

上)

we(我们,做主语) us(我们,作宾语) our(我们,同上) ours(同上)

they(他们,做主语) them(他们,作宾语) their(他们,同上) theirs(同

上)

及物动词后面可以直接加"物"或者"人.

不及物动词就是后面不能直接加上"物"或者人的一定要有个介词如in,at,on之类的隔开

才行.

但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短这些句子除了基本句型的成分不变外通及物动词后面可以直接加"物"或者"人.

不及物动词就是后面不能直接加上"物"或者人的一定要有个介词如in,at,on之类的隔开

才行.

但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短这些句子除了基本句型的成分不变外通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语modifier而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词主要是形容词、副词和数词也可以是各种类型的短语主要是介词短语、不定

式短语和分词短语。我们称之为定语、状语

介词短语作定语

一、定语定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子汉语中常用‘……的’表示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代

词时如something、nothing或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。

形容词作定语

The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy blue修饰名词pen./小男孩

需要一支兰色的钢笔。

Tom is a handsome boy./Tom是个英俊的男孩。

There is a good boy./有个乖男孩。

数词作定语相当于形容词

Two boys need two pens./两个男孩需要两支钢笔。

The two boys are students./这两个男孩是学生。

There are two boys in the room./房间里有两个男孩。

代词或名词所有格作定语

His boy needs Tom\'s pen./他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。

His name is Tom./他的名字是汤姆。

There are two boys of Toms there./那儿有Tom家的两个男孩。

The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours./教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。

The boy in blue is Tom./穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。

There are two boys of 9,and three of 10./有两个9岁的三个10岁的男孩。

名词作定语

The boy needs a ball pen./男孩需要一支圆珠笔。

It is a ball pen./这是一支圆珠笔。

There is only one ball pen in the pencil box./这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。

副词作定语

The boy there needs a pen./那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。

The best boy here is Tom./这里最棒的男孩是Tom。

不定式作定语

The boy to write this letter needs a pen./写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。

The boy to write this letter is Tom./将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆。

There is nothing to do today./今天无事要做。

分词短语作定语

The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother./那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈

买的钢笔。

The pen bought by her is made in China./她买的笔是中国产的。

There are five boys left./有五个留下的男孩。

定语从句

The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday./那个在阅读的男

孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。

The boy you will know is Tom./你将认识的男孩叫汤姆。

There are five boys who will play the game./参加游戏的男孩有五个。

二、状语状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。

状语在句子中的位置很灵活常见情况为通常在句子基本结构之后强调时放在句首

修饰形容词或副词时通常位于被修饰的词之前表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于

句子两头强调时放在句首地点状语一般须在时间状语之前一些表示不确定时间如often或程度如almost的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后动

词之前。

有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义应注意如The boy calls the girl in the classroom.一般理解成‘男孩喊教室里的女孩‘此时in the classroom为girl的定语

也可以理解为‘男孩在教室里喊女孩’此时in the classroom为地点状语最好写作‘In the classroom,the boy calls the girl.\'

副词短语作状语

The boy needs a pen very much./男孩非常需要一支钢笔。程度状语

The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother./男孩非常需要他母亲买的那

支钢笔。宾语较长则状语前置

The boy really needs a pen./男孩真的需要一支钢笔。程度状语

The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen./The boy,now,needs a pen./男孩

现在需要一支钢笔。时间状语

介词短语作状语In the classroom,the boy needs a pen./在教室里男孩需要一支钢

笔。地点状语

Before his mother,Tom is always a boy./在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件状语)

On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom./星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间状

语)

分词短语作状语

He sits there,asking for a pen./他坐在那儿要一支笔。表示伴随状态

Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen./因为不得不完成作业男孩需要

一支笔。原因状语

Frightened,he sits there soundlessly./因为受了惊吓他无声地坐在那儿。原因

状语

不定式作状语

The boy needs a pen to do his homework./男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。目的状语

To make his dream come true,Tom becomes very interested in business./为实现梦想,

汤姆变得对商业很有兴趣.

名词作状语

Come this way!/走这条路方向状语

状语从句

时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、比较状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句。

三、同位语同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分近乎于后置定语。如

We students should study hard. / (students是we的同位语都是指同一批‘学生’

We all are students. / (all是we的同位语都指同样的‘我们’。

四、独立成分有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分称为句子独立成分(注意区别于分词独立结构)。

感叹词oh,hello,aha,ah,等。

肯定词yes

否定词no

称呼语称呼人的用语。

插入语一些句中插入的I think , I believe,等。

如: The story,I think,has never come to the end./我相信,这个故事还远没结束.

情态词,表示说话人的语气多作为修饰全句的状语:perhaps也许,maybe大概,acturely

实际上,certainly当然等。

五、分词独立结构分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致! 否则应有自己的逻辑主语构成分词独立结构。例

错句Studying hard,your score will go up.

正确(1) Studying hard,you can make your score go up.

或(2)If you study hard,your score will go up.

解析错句中分词studying没有自带逻辑主语则其逻辑主语就是句子的主语既your score . 显然做study的应是人不应是your score分数. 正确句(1)更正了句子的主

语,使其与分词逻辑主语一致( 同为you );正确句(2)则使用条件分句带出study的主

语,(不过已经不是分词结构了). 分词独立结构常省略being,having been.不过‘There being...’的场合不能省略.

如Game (being) over,he went home.

He stands there,book (being) in hand. 独立结构还可用with、without引导作状语

或定语。这种结构不但可以用分词还可以用不定式、形容词、介词短语、副词或名词等。如With nothing to do,he fell asleep soon./无事可做他很快就睡着了。

The teacher came in,with glasses on his nose./老师进来了戴着一付眼镜。注意

此句on his nose不可省略

一、句子成分

一句子成分的定义构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分主要成分有主语和谓语次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。二主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句当主语不疑问词时和倒装句中主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。一句话语法: 主

语由名词性的词来充当. 例如

During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.名

We often speak English in class.代词

One-third of the students in this class are girls.数词

To swim in the river is a great pleasure.不定式

Smoking does harm to the health.动名词

The rich should help the poor.名词化的形容词

When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.主语从句

It is necessary to master a foreign language.it作形式主语真正的主语为后面的不定式。

三谓语谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语一般放在主语之后。一句话语法: 谓语由动词充当. 有很多同学在写作的时候容易犯的错误就是要么乱用be动词,要么句子没有谓语动词. 谓语的构成如下

1、简单谓语由一个动词或动词短语构成。如He practices running every morning.

2、复合谓语1由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。注意:这里面的动词原形非常重要. 如You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. 2

由系动词加表语构成。如We are students.

四表语表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态它一般位于系动词如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、

不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。一句话语法: 表语使用形容词,不用副词! 例如

Our teacher of English is an American.名词Three times seven is twenty one?数词

His job is to teach English.不定式

His hobby爱好is playing football.动名词

The machine must be out of order.介词短语

Time is up. The class is over.副词注意: 副词可以做表语的只有几个,非常简单,

考试不考,所以上面说:表语使用形容词,不用副词! 我们所复习的语法直接针对高考,不是

搞语法研究,这点请大家一定要记住.

The truth is that he has never been abroad.表语从句

五宾语宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者一般位于及物动词和介词后面。一句话语法:宾语由名词性的词充当,宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语,分别构成动宾结构和介词结构,这

点非常重要,务必要牢记.例如

They went to see an exhibition展览yesterday.名词

The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.代词

How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.数词

They helped the old with their housework yesterday.名词化形容词

He pretended not to see me.不定式短语I enjoy listening to popular music.动名词短语

I think that he is fit for his office.宾语从句

宾语种类1双宾语间接宾语+直接宾语例如Lend me your dictionary, please.如果同学搞不清楚什么是双宾语,记下下面这个句子: give me a book.一人一物做宾语就

是双宾语.说得白一点,双就是两个的意思.2复合宾语宾语+宾补例如They elected him their monitor.

六宾语补足语英语中有些及物动词除有一个直接宾语以外还要有一个宾语补语才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为某些及物动词如make等+宾语+

宾补。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。一句话语法: 宾语补足语使用形容词,不用副词.例如

His father named him Dongming.名词

They painted their boat white.形容词

Let the fresh air in.副词

You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.不定式短语

We saw her entering the room.现在分词

We found everything in the lab in good order.介词短语

We will soon make our city what your city is now.从句

七定语修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。一句话语法:定语使用形容词定语可由以下等成分表示

Guilin is a beautiful city.形容词

China is a developing country; America is a developed country.分词

There are thirty women teachers is our school.名词

His rapid progress in English made us surprised.代词

Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.不定式短语

The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.动名词

He is reading an article about how to learn English.介词短语

八状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子(这个就叫状语,一句话语法: 状语用副词,不用形容词)说明动作或状态特征的句子成分叫做状语。可由以下形式表示

Light travels most quickly.副词及副词性词组

He has lived in the city for ten years.介词短语

He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.不定式短

He is in the room making a model plane.分词短语

Wait a minute.名词

Once you begin, you must continue.状语从句

状语种类如下

How about meeting again at six?时间状语(表示时间就是时间状语,那表示原因的呢?

对喽,就是原因状语)

Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.原因状语

I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.条件状语

Mr Smith lives on the third floor.地点状语

She put the eggs into the basket with great care.方式状语

She came in with a dictionary in her hand.伴随状语

In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.目的状语

He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.结果状语

She works very hard though she is old.让步状语I am taller than he is.比较状语

英语句子的基本成分

英语的基本成分 组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分,句子成分主要有主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语和同位语等。 1主语subject 主语是一个句子的主体,表示所说的是谁或是什么。主语一般放在句首,有时在特殊句型中主语放在据某。可作主语的词有名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词等。 (1)名词或名词短语作主语 The students are playing volleyball now. Beijing is the capital of China. The shoe shop is next to the supermarket. (2)代词作主语 I go to school by bus. (3)数词作主语 Four and five is nine. (4)动词不定式或不定式短语作主语 To read in the sun is bad for your eyes. (5)动名词作主语 (6)从句作主语 That you forget to tell me the time for meeting caused me lots of trouble. 2谓语predicate: 谓语说明主语的动作、行为或所处的状态。指出“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”。通常由动词的各种形式或动词短语来充当,并且必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致。谓语有广义和狭义之分,广义的谓语指主语之外包括动词在内的部分,狭义的谓语仅仅指动词。

(1)动词或动词短语作谓语 She likes drawing. I go to school at 6 on Mondays. (2)情态动词+动词原形作谓语 You should be good with your friends. (3)系动词+表语充当谓语 The skirt felt soft. 3表语predicative: 表语是和系动词一起构成复合谓语的词或短语。表语用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态。表语常由名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当。作表语的名词、数词和代词,其数必须与主语保持一致。 (1)名词作表语 (2)代词作表语 (3)数词作表语 (4)形容词表语 (5)分词表语 Seeing is believing.眼见为实 (6)动名词表语 (7)动词不定式表语 (8)介词短语表语 (9)副词作表语 Jim is over there. (10)从句作表语

英语句子成分及基本句型全面归纳

英语句子成分及基本句型全面归纳 什么叫句子成分呢?句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)。 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下: 一:S V(主+谓) 二:S V P(主+系+表) 三:S V O(主+谓+宾) 四:S V O O(主+谓+间宾+直宾) 五:S V O C(主+谓+宾+宾补) 基本句型:S V (主+谓) 主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家! 谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 S│ V(不及物动词) 1. The sun │was shining.太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。 4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 5. Who │cares? 管它呢? 6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。

英语句子基本结构成分类型

英语句子基本结构 英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: S十V主谓结构 S十V十F主系表结构 S十V十O主谓宾结构 S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾 语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾 语补足语五个基本句式详细解释如下: 1.S十V句式 在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: He runs quickly.他跑得快。 They listened carefully.他们听得很仔细。 He suffered from cold and hunger.他挨冻受饿。 China belongs to the third world country.中国属于第三世界国家。 The gas has given out.煤气用完了。 My ink has run out.我的钢笔水用完了。 2.S十V十P句式 在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: He is older than he looks.他比看上去要老。 He seen interested in the book.他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 The story sounds interesting.这个故事听起来有趣。 The desk feels hard.书桌摸起来很硬。 The cake tastes nice.饼尝起来很香。 The flowers smell sweet and nicc.花闻起来香甜。 You have grown taller than before.你长得比以前高了。 He has suddenly fallen ill.他突然病倒了。 He stood quite still.他静静地站看。 He becomes a teacher when he grew up.他长大后当了教师。 He could never turn traitor to his country.他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: He looked me up and down.他上下打量我。 He reached his hand to feel the elephant.他伸出手来摸象。 They are tasting the fish.他们在品尝鱼。 They grow rice in their home town.他们在家乡种水稻。 He's got a chair to sit on.他有椅子坐。

英语句子成分 五大句型 There be结构 及相关练习

英语句子成分五大句型There be结构及相关练习 一、句子成分(Members of a Sentence) 在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)。 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五大基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五大基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五大基本句型形式如下: 一:SV(主+谓)二:SVP(主+系+表) 三:SVO(主+谓+宾)四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补) 基本句型一:SV(主+谓) 主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 S│V(不及物动词) 1. The sun │was shining. 太阳在照耀着。 2. Who │cares? 管它呢? 3. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 4. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。 5.Two days passed. 两天过去了。 6.Winter is coming . 冬天快要来了 常见不及物动词归纳 表“来往走动”:come go arrive walk run stay 表“看、听”:look listen 表“坐立”:sit stand 表“出现”:appear disappear 表(人生)“起伏”:succeed fail die fall rise 表“发生”:happen occur 表“同意”:agree disagree 常见不及物动词词组归纳 take place 发生break out 爆发turn out 结果是;证明是 lose heart 灰心go on 继续come true 实现fall asleep睡着break down发生故障,垮掉(身体或精神)come over过来;顺便来访 drop by (顺便拜访) fall behind (落后) Come over any time,I’m always in. 请随便什么时候来坐坐,我总在家。The evening party will take place on New Year’s Eve. 晚会将在除夕那天举行。 It turns out to be a good idea. 结果证明这是个好主意。 My car broke down halfaway 我的车半路抛锚了 Work hard,or you’ll fall behind. 特别注意:S + Vi + adverbial ( 副词作状语)

英语句子成分及结构

英语句子成分及结构 (一)句子成分 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 (二)主语: 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如: During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名词)We often speak English in class.(代词) One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词) To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式) Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词) The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词) When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句) It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)(三)谓语 谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下: 1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成。如:We are students. (四)表语: 表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词VL之后。系动词大致可分为三类:1.be动词类 2.感官类feel / taste / smell / sound/seem / look /appear… 3.变化类become /get / grow / turn/come/go… 4.状态保持类stay/ remain(保持,仍然是)/ keep /prove etc. 表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如: Our teacher of English is an American.(名词) Is it yours?(代词) The weather has turned cold.(形容词) The speech is exciting.(分词) Three times seven is twenty one?(数词) His job is to teach English.(不定式) His hobby(爱好)is playing football.(动名词) The machine must be out of order.(介词短语) Time is up. The class is over.(副词) The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表语从句) (五)宾语 宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如: They went to see an exhibition(展览)yesterday.(名词)

英语句子成分

英语句子成分 句子成分由词或词组充当 英语的基本成分有七种: 主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、 状语(adverbial) 补语(complement) 主语(Subject): 一.主语 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首,通常由名词性的词来充当。 可由1.名词、2.代词、3.数词、4.名词化的形容词(如the rich)5.不定式、6.动名词、7.主语从句等表示。 练习1. 在下面句子的主语下面划横线,并说出由什么充当 1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2.We often speak English in class. 3.One-third of the students in this class are girls. 4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 5.Smoking does harm to the health. 6.The rich should help the poor. 7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 8.It is necessary to master a foreign language. 9.That he isn’t at home is not true 二. 谓语(Predicate):谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。 1)简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。 He practices running every morning. 2) 复合谓语: (1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。 You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成。 We are students. 注意:谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。 练习3 .填入动词的适当形式。 1).Fifty miles _______ ( be ) not a great distance . 2). He ______________ ( marry ) for three years . 3). A lot of trees ____________ ( must , plant ) on the hills . 4). The woman did ______ ( stay ) at home last Sunday . 5). So fast _____ light ______ ( travel ) that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed . 三.表语表语多是形容词,用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。 练习4. 划出下列句中的表语, 并说明有什么充当。 1)Our teacher of English is an American. 2)Is it yours? 3)The weather has turned cold. 4)The speech is exciting. 5)Three times seven is twenty one? 6)His job is to teach English. 7)His hobby(爱好)is playing football. 8)The machine must be under repairs. 9)The truth is that he has never been abroad. 注意:系动词(Linking verb)用于连接主语和表语,说明主语的状态,性质特征和身份等。 1)状态系动词用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如: He is a teacher. 2)持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如: He always kept silent at meeting. 3)表像系动词用来表示“看起来像”这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如: He seems (to be) very sad. 注意:系动词(Linking verb)用于连接主语和表语,说明主语的状态,性质特征和身份等。 4)感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如: This kind of cloth feels very soft. 5)变化系动词表示主语变成什么样,主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.例如: He became mad after that. 6)终止系动词表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, turn out, 表示"证明","变成"之意,例如: The rumor proved false. His plan turned out a success. 练习5 .用所给词的正确形式填空 1).The news sounds __________ ( inspire ) 2).We are __________ ( interest ) in the story . 3). My work is ______ ( clean ) the classroom tomorrow morning 4).The people in the city are very __________ . ( happiness) 5).That is his book . The one on the desk is _________ ( my ) . 四. 宾语(Object):宾语表示动作的对象或承受者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。 练习6. 划出下列句中的宾语, 并说明有什么充当。 1)They planed many trees yesterday.

英语句子成分及基本句型

英语句子成分及基本句型 句子成分 A. 主语(Subject)主语是一句话的中心。除祈使句外,主语是句子中不可缺少的成分。主语表示句子中所说的是“谁”或 “什么”。 Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. Thirteen is regarded as an unlucky number by some people. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. The young should respect the old. What he has said is true. B. 谓语(Predicate)谓语表示主语的动作或状态,分为简单谓语与复合谓语两种。简单谓语由动词或动词词组组成;复合 谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词。 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. He can speak English well. C. 表语(Predicative)在系动词后的部分就是表语,说明主语的状态等。 常见的系动词有be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,look,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become, get, grow, come, go etc.系动词不用于被动语态.The apple tastes sweet. The war was over. They seem to know the truth. Time is precious. I’m not quite myself today. Who was the first? He is out of condition. The book is what I need. D. 宾语(Object)宾语是动作行为的对象,说明主语“做什么”。宾语分为直接宾语(Direct Object)和间接宾语(Indirect Object)。直接宾语常指物,间接宾语常指人。Give him a cup of coffee. E.宾语补足语(Object Complement)是用在宾语之后补充宾语情况的成分。 I found the book interesting. Do you smell something burning? He made himself known to them. She asked me to lend her a hand. Please make yourself at home. Please keep the dog out. We must keep it a secret. F.定语(Attribute)定语修饰名词或代词。 He is a clever boy. His father works in a steel work. There are 54students in our class. Do you known Betty’ssister? There is a sleeping baby in bed. His spoken language is good. I met a friend on my way home. G.状语(Adverbial)用于修饰形容词,副词,动词,介词短语或句子.可表示时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方式,伴随,条件,程度,让步,频率等。 I will be back in a while. They are playing on the playground. He was late because he got up late. He got up so late that I missed the train. I waited to see you. He often went to school by bus. His parents died, leaving him an orphan. Please call me if it is necessary. This book is very interesting. He went to school in spite of his illness. He always comes late to school. 讲出划线部分的句子成分: 1.Her suggestion sounds quite reasonable. 2.I have a lot to say on this matter. 3.Please give me some advice. 4.She is quite all right now. 5. A lonely person is always alone. 6. A fat, sandy-haired boy in jeans came to see Miss White.

(完整版)英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解

一、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解: (一)句子成分 1.主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。 主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。 The sun rises in the east.(名词) He likes dancing. (代词) Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词) To see is to believe. (不定式) What he needs is a book. (主语从句) It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语) 找出下列句中的主语: Jane is good at playing the piano.(名词) She went out in a hurry.(代词) Four plus four is eight.(数词) To see is to believe.(不定式) Smoking is bad for health.(动名词) The young should respect the old.(名词化的形容词)What he has said is true. (句子) 2.谓语(predicate): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语:由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing. 找出下列句中的谓语(注:只有动词才可作谓语。): 1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English. 4. She seems tired. 3.表语(predicative): 系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

英语中句子7种成分

英语中主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语和表语 第一:英语中的“主语” 1. 主语的含义: 主语即“动作的发出者”(主谓宾结构中)或者“表述的对象”(主系表结构中),一般放在句首,有时也放在中间或者句尾。充当主语的可以是名词、代词;也可以是短语、不定式;甚至可以是整个句子。所以,在找主语的时候,脑子里一定要有这些认知。 2. 充当主语的有哪些? (1)名词/代词/数词做主语 (2)不定式/名词化短语做主语 (3)从句做主语(即主语从句) 从句做主语的句子,就是我们学过的“主语从句”。主语从句可以由连词that/whether引导;也可以由关系代词what/who/which引导;还可以由连接副词how/when/why/where引导。

详情如下: (4)有时为了避免头重脚轻,经常会借助“it”充当形式主语,而真正的主语则放在句尾: (5)“There be …”句型 “there be…”比较特殊。在这种句型中,主语的位置在中间。比如: There are six beautiful French ladies walking on the street. 大街上有六位漂亮的法国女郎在散步。 第二:英语中的“谓语” 1. 含义: 谓语是句子的灵魂,主要用来“陈述主语的状态”或者“表明主语发出 的动作”。 2. 分类:简单谓语复合谓语 (1)简单谓语:由一个动词或者一个动词短语构成谓语; I love my girlfriend. 我爱我的女朋友。

My boss stayed up late last night. 我的老板昨晚熬夜了。 2)复合谓语: ①情态动词/助动词+动词构成 ②系动词+表语构成 ③情态动词+系动词: 第三:英语中的“宾语”

(完整word版)英语句子成分和英语句子基本结构讲解及练习

英语句子成分和英语句子基本结构讲解及练习 一、句子的基本结构(5种) 1、主语+谓语(s+v) 2、主语+系动词+表语(s+l+p) 3、主语+谓语+宾语(s+v+o) 4、主语+谓语+间接宾语(指人)+直接宾语(指物)(s+v+io+do) 5、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(s+v+o+c) 二、句子成分:(主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补、同位语、插足语) 1. 主语(subject):句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east ()He likes dancing. () Twenty years is a short time in history. ( ) Seeing is believing. () To see is to believe.()What he needs is a book.() It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.() (一)指出下列句中主语的中心词 ① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. ② There is an old man coming here. ③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. ④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.

英语句子成分的划分及练习

句子成分(Members of a Sentence) 什么叫句子成分呢?句子的组成成 分叫句子成分。在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject )、 谓语(predicate )、表语(predicative )、宾语 (object )、定语(attribute )、状语(adverbial)和补语(complement )。 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各 种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如 下: - *■.S V(主+谓) ? -*■ S V P (主+系+表) -■. . SV O (主+谓+宾) 四:SV0O (主+谓+ 间宾+直宾) 五:SV O C (主+谓+ 宾+宾补) 基本句型一 *■ . S V (主+谓) 主语:可以作主语的成分有名词 (如boy ),主格代词(如you),动 词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句 首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分 家! 谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语 时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语 之后。不及物动词(vi. )没有 宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即 句子的谓语动词都能表 达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动 词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状 语从句等。 s I V (不及物动词)

1. The sun I was shining. 太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon I rose. 月亮升起了。 3. The universe I remains. 宇宙长存。 4. Weall I breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 5. Who I cares? 管它呢? 6. What he said I does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么 关系。 7. They I talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. The pen I writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利 基本句型二:S V P (主+系+表) 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词 (种类)。系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem 等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn 等属另一类,表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义, 只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动 词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词:look well/ 面色 好,sound nice/ 听起来不错,feel good/ 感觉好,smell bad/ 难闻 S |V(是系动词)| P 1. This I is I an English-Chinese dictionary.

初中英语句子成分及五种基本句型讲解与练习

句子成分&五种基本句型 一、考点、热点回顾 I.【句子的成分】 在英文中句子成分包括:主语、谓语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。 (一)主语:主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如: (1)Lucy is a beautiful nurse. (名词作主语) (2)He reads newspapers every day. (代词作主语) (3)Smoking is harmful to the health. (动名词作主语) (4)To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.(不定式作主语) (5)What we should do is not yet decided. (主语从句作主语) (二)谓语 说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 如:His parents are teachers. (系动词作谓语) We study hard. (行为动词作谓语) We don’t finish reading the book. (助动词和行为动词一起作谓语) He can speak English. (情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语) (三)宾语 宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。 She is doing her homework now.(名词作宾语) She says(that)she is ill.(宾语从句作动词宾语) We often help him.(代词作宾语) He likes to play basketball.(不定式作宾语) We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。(动名词短语作宾语) 说明1:宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物,宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词后面的名词或代词或动名词,称为介词宾语。名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。另外,动词不定式可作动词宾语;动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语。 说明2:及物动词作谓语时,后面要跟宾语。宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象,直接宾语指物,间接宾语通常是及物动词的动作所及的人,间接宾语指人。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。 不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语。有的动词可以跟。如:give, show(给……看),bring, pass, buy等。如:(1)Our teacher tells us a story. (2)The sun gives us light. 间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后,在表示“人”的间接宾语之前会出现介词“to”或“for”。 ★间接宾语前加“to”的有: give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, throw, promise(答应), refuse(拒绝)等。 ★间接宾语加“for”的有:

1英语句子成分基础练习及答案

1、英语句子成分讲解及练习 句子成分由词、词组或句子(从句)充当 英语的基本成分有七种: 主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial)、补语(complement)。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。 一:SV(主+谓) 1. The sun│rose. 2. Who │cares 3. W hat he said │does not matter. 4. They │talked for half an hour. 5. The pen │writes smoothly 二:SVP(主+系+表) 1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary.

2. The dinner │smells │good. 3. Everything │looks │different. 4. He │is growing │tall and strong. 5. Our well │has gone │dry. 6. His face │turned │red. 三:SVO(主+谓+宾) 1. Who │knows │the answer 2. He │has refused │to help them. 3. He │enjoys │reading. 4. He │said,│"Good morn ing." 5. He │admits │that he was mistaken. 四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾) 1.She │ordered │herself │a new dress. 2. He │brought │you │a dictionary.

★英语句子成分与五种基本句型

句子成分与五种基本句型 Sentence Constituents and the Five Basic Sentence Patterns ?句子成分 句子的组成成分叫句子成分。 汉语里一般的句子成分有六种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。 英语的基本成分有七(或八)种:主语(subject),谓语(predicate),表语(predicative),宾语(object),定语(attribute),状语(adverbial),补语(complement),[同位语(appositive)]。 七(或八)种句子基本成分: I saw a tall boy take your book just now. 主谓定宾(宾)补状 The boy Li Ming is good. 主[同位] 表 ?五种基本句型: 1.主+谓; 2.主+系+表; 3.主+谓+宾; 4.主+谓+间宾+直宾; 5.主+谓+宾+宾补 什么是主语? 主语是一个句子的主体,是全句要说明的中心部分。一般放于句首。如: Students study. They are good friends. To see is to believe. 什么可以作主语? Shanghai is in the east of China. Tom works very hard. (名词) I bought a new book. That is a picture of our school. Who knows the answer? (代词) Three plus four is seven. The first is the best. (数词) To see is to believe. It is important to learn English. (动词不定式) Smoking is harmful to the health. (动名词) The old should be respected. The disabled will receive more money. (名词化的形容词) What he said is not true. How to finish the work is a problem. (主语从句及复合结构) 什么是谓语? 谓语说明主语做了什么,是什么,怎么样;说明主语的动作、状态和特征。通常由动词的各种形式来充当,并且和主语在人称和数上保持一致,一般放在主语之后。如: We study English. The little girl dances well. He laughed at his classmates. She looks well. 什么可以作谓语? We love China. We have finished reading this book. He can speak English. (及物动词vt) My mother usually gets up early. The boy often plays in his yard. (不及物动词vi) She seems tired. (系动词link-v) 谓语有哪些表现形式? 掌握谓语应注意它的几种变化: 1) 人称和数的变化(主谓一致)。如: I work in a big company. He works in a big company. 2) 时态变化。如: I usually get up at six. I am getting up now. I got up at five yesterday. I will get up at seven tomorrow. I have already got up. I was getting up when he came in. I had got up when he came to my house. 3) 语态变化。如:

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