综合教程第三册课件_Unit8

Unit Eight

1、Background Information

人生追求什么？这是个很大的问题。有人穷其一生，或许也找不到正确的答案！

而如果人生经历的一切，已经在姓名三个字中排定了剧本，我的人生到底在追求什么？

每一位不同的人，都有机会从自己的人生中感受到相同的问题。在社会的金字塔，有人在底层；有人在顶层。底层为根基，顶层是决策，环环相扣，缺一不可，这是角色扮演中一种粗略的区分。自己扮演何种角色，是必须经过“选择”的。当然，我们选择角色；角色也选择我们。

人的一生中，其实是多重角色的扮演，包括为人子、为人父、为人夫、为人妻、为人师、为人友；乃至员工、干部、老板；甚至乡长、市长、部长、院长、元首……等等。

人生的乐趣到底是什么？

2、Analyzation of the Text

Paragraphs 1-5 这五段为文章的引论部分。

Paragraphs 6-11 作者在这几段落利用否定的方式来拓展“乐趣”的含义。

Paragraphs 12-15 这四段为文章的结尾部分。

3、Words Study

1.epitome n. representative of an example of a class or

type缩影，集中体现

<释例>In his eye, the cat is the epitome of laziness.她认为猫是懒惰的化身。He is the epitome of goodness.他是善良的典范。

<点拨>词根tom意为cut，例如：atom n.原子；anatomy n.剖板，解剖学；tome n.册，卷，大本书；epitomize v.摘要，集中体现。

2.mirth https://www.360docs.net/doc/be10742237.html,ughter, amusement or happiness 欢乐，欢笑，高兴

<释例>Her funny costume caused much mirth among the guests.她那滑稽的服装引得客人哄堂大笑。When I tell them what have happen to me, they all chortle with mirth.我把我的事告诉他们以后，他们咯咯地笑起来了。

<点拨>mirth, merriment, hilarity, glee都有“欢乐，高兴”之义，但含义有一定差异。Mirth强调“心情轻快并容易发笑”，例如：Again the young friends gave way to their mirth.年轻的朋友们又一次欢笑起来。Merriment是一种情绪很高的快乐和欢愉，例如：Her escapades were a subject of merriment in the sorority house.在女生联谊会上，她的恶作剧总是欢笑的根源。Hilarity指的是强烈的，经常爆发性的快乐、狂喜，例如：Fan the sinking flame of hilarity with the wing of friendship.用友谊的翅膀将正在熄灭的欢乐火焰重新扇起。

glee特指由某一种特定情景导致的欢腾中的快乐，如赢得胜利，例如：Her glee knew no bounds when she crossed the finish line first.当她第一个冲出终点线时她简直高兴极了。glee一词也暗含一种幸灾乐祸的愉快。

3.scan v. to examine closely细看，审视，游览

<释例>I scan Time Magazine while wait at the doctor’s office.在医生的诊所等的时候，我翻看《时代杂志》。He scanned the newspaper while having his breakfast.他在吃早饭的时候浏览了一下报纸。

<点拨>examine, inspect, investigate, scan都含有“检查”、“调查”的意思。Examine指“仔细调查或审查”，例如：The doctor examined him carefully.医生仔细检查了他的身体。Inspect “仔细查看是否有不足之处或不标准的地方”，例如：They inspected the work of the institute.他们检查了学院的工作。Investigate指“用某种方法、分步骤地对复杂情况或问题进行调查，以揭露真实、分析原因、找出特点”，例如：investiagte the cause of a railway accident 调查一次铁路事故的原固。Scan指“细看”、“审视”，例如：His mother scanned his face to see if he was telling the truth.他的母亲仔细观察他的面容想查明他是否说真话。

4、Explanation of the Text

1.Sonewhere along the line people got the modern idea that

fun was there for the asking, that people deserves fun, that if we didn’t have a little fun every day we would turn into(sake alive!)puritans：that在句中引导同位语从句。同位语从句指的是从句在复合句中作同位语，它是同位语的一种表现形式这种作同位语的从句看起来似乎并不复杂，但在阅读和翻译中，如果我们缺少对它的分析，就有可能造成误解。现将这种从句分析如下。

1)同位语从句的实质

从句作同位语表示与之同位的名词（短语）的实际内容，它的作用相当于名词，对前面的名词（短语）加以补充说明或进一步解释，相当于一个表语从句，它们之间的关系是同位关系，即主表关系。如果用变通的方法，把名词（短语）和“主语+be+表语”结构联系起来，就可以看出这种同位关系。试比较：We all know the theory that matter is made up of atoms and molecules.(=We all know the theory, and the theory is that matter is made up of atoms and molecules.我们大家都知道物质是由原子和分子构成的这一理论。I have no idea when she will be back.(=I have no idea, and the idea is when she will be back.)我不知道她什么时候会回来。

引导同位语从句的连接词最常觉的是that。That是一个纯引导词（pure introductory word），在同位语从句中常可省去，尤其是在口头语中，例如：I had the impression(that) your

government was undecided about assisting us.我的印象是，你们政府还没有决定援助我们。

连接词when, where, why, whether, how等也可以引导同位语从句，这些连接词除有连接主句和同位语的语法功能外，还有一定的“疑问”意义，例如：He has solved the question why he is ill.他已经解决了他为什么生病的问题。

连词but that也可引导同位语从句，它通常出现在“否定词+doubt(deny, question)等名词”结构之后。这时，but无否定含义，仅起强调作用，常可省去；有时可以省去that而保留but,例如：There is no question(but)that the four modernizations will be realized in China by the end of the century.中国在本世纪内实现四个现代化，这是没有问题的。2)同位词从句的先行词

同位语从句的先行词通常是抽象名词，常见的有：idea, thought, fact, evidence, belief, doubt, fear, hope, question, theory, news, order, ability,等等，例如：Wives lived in fear that their husbands might be killed.妻子们担心丈夫会战死，提心吊胆的过日子。How did the cheats explain the fact that the Emperor didn’t feel the new clothes in him？皇帝觉得身上并没有穿上新衣，对这个问题骗子是怎样解释的？

3)“复合介词+the fact +that从句”结构

从总体来看，这种结构属介词短语。如果分开来理解，其中的

the fact用作复合介词的宾语，同时兼作其后that 从句的先行词，that从句为同位语从句，例如：It is chiefly due to the fact that the sun gets higher in the sky in summer and shines more directly down on that part of the earth.这主要是由于夏天太阳在空中的的位置较高，同时更加直接地照射着地球的那一部分。Ｗe must never overlook our small weak points because of the fact that we have made big achievements.我们不可因为有了大的成绩就忽视小的缺点。４)同位语从句与先行词之间的分隔

同位语从句一般都紧跟在与其同位的名词（即先行词）之后，但当先行词作句子的主语，其谓语较短，同位语较长时，同位语从句常与同位名词（短语）分隔，例如：In the first half of the last century the discovery was made that a magnet could be used to get an electric current.上个世纪的前半期，发现可用磁铁产生电流。The boy bore up well when news came that his father had been killed.当消息传来，说他父亲牺牲时，这孩子表现得很坚强。

2.Disney World：迪斯尼乐园是华特·迪斯尼先生伟大的成就之一，当年迪斯尼拍摄了许多欢迎的动画影片，例如《白雪公主》、《木偶奇遇记》、《仙履奇缘》……等等，更捧红了米奇老鼠、唐老鸭等卡通明星，但他还想继续扩大娱乐王国的版图，于是就有了兴建一个主题游乐园的计划。在那个年代，只有一般小型的游

乐场和园游会，世界上还不曾出现规模如此庞大的主题游乐园，所以当位于加州洛杉矶的迪斯尼乐园在1955年7月17日正式对外开张，立刻独领风骚造成轰动，开张才一年多，游客就突破一千万人次！

5、Execrcices

Translation exercises

Ⅰ.Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or phrases given in the brackets.

1. It goes without saying that Shakespeare overshadows all the other playwrights throughout the ages.

2. The Great Gatsby is commonly deemed as the epitome of the Jazz Age of the last century in America.

3. It is advisable for you not to put a damper on his enthusiasm to further his studies at Harvard.

4. Young people tend to make a fetish of glamorous stars in sports and enter tainment circles.

5. They traipsed all the way to the People’s Square for the celebrations of the Notational Day.

6. He does not deserve such severe punishment as he has committed neither serious errors nor grave crimes.

7. Every time I met his, he would talk a whole lot of nonsense.

8. He said that reputation is a trap into which many people are ready to fall.

Ⅱ. Translate the following passage into Chinese.

有人认为，生活中乐趣胜过其它一切事情。他们甚至从不考虑任何严肃的事，从来不对这种乐趣是不是有道德、诚实或有必要这类问题提出疑问。当然，许多事确实有乐趣。全家郊游有乐趣，打一场篮球有乐趣，喝着咖啡聊天有乐趣。但是，如果你把找乐子看成是生活中必不可少的东西的话，那么，你必然会寻找越来越刺激的方法来提供乐趣，其中一个典型的方法是不断提升危险或酗酒的程度，以设法得到一点乐趣。你应该避免亵渎乐趣，否则，过火的代价可能会是，不管你如何努力，就是没有乐趣。所以，正确的方法是带着一份敬意来看待乐趣，这样，你时常可以有一点新鲜的乐趣。

6、Practice

Dictation.

The first of April/is commonly known as April Fools’Day /and it’s a custom on this day/to play a trick on a friend./You do this /by causing your friend to believe something /that isn’t true./If your friend falls into the trap,/then he or she is an April fool./This strange custom has been observed /by both children and adults for centuries. / Its origin is uncertain/and may once have been

cruel./But today the tricks and practical jokes are harmless /and played mostly for fun./Usually these jokes are played on friends and colleagues/but sometimes they are played on a wider scale./One serious national newspaper /reported on a new machine/to transport passengers from London to Australia in ten minutes./Another published a forage surgery of a nonexistent island in the Pacific./And even on BBC television news/there was an item/which showed a kind of an Italian noodle/being harvested from trees.

Unit Eight

Text

1. Her funny costume caused much among the guests.（研究生入学考试，1996年）

A）mirth B）merriment C）hilarity D）glee 2. The teacher his face to see if he was trlling the truth.(CET-6, 1999 年6月)

A）skimmed B）gazed C）scanned D）glanced 3. In developing countries people are into overcrowded cities in great numbers.(CET-41996年12月) A）breaking B）filling C）pouring D）hurrying 4. Some journalists often overstate the situation so that their

news may create a great .（研究生入学考试，1998年）A）explosion B）sensation C）exaggeration D）stimulation

答案：

1.A

2.C

3.C

4.B