初中英语状语从句详细解析

初中英语状语从句详细解析
初中英语状语从句详细解析

初中英语状语从句详细解析

状语从句详细解析

一、什么是状语、状语从句?

状语:是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句用的。

eg:He works hard! 他努力工作中的hard。

状语的位置:

修饰形容词或副词的状语放在被修饰语之前。

eg:The Summer Palace is very beautiful.颐和园非常美丽。

very 为状语,修饰形容词 beautiful,放在 beautiful 之前。

修饰动词的状语有的放在动词前,有的放在动词之后。

如果动词有宾语,状语一般须放在宾语之后。

eg: I He often came here to see me.他经常到这里来看我。often 为状语,修饰动词came,放在前面。

I know him well.我十分了解他。well为状语,修饰动词 know,放在 know 之后。

状语从句:用一个句子从句来作另一个句子主句的状语,用作状语的句子就叫作状语从句。作什么样的状语就叫什么类型的状语从句。例如:条件状语从句就是用一个句子来作条件状语。

二、状语从句的分类。

1时间状语从句

凡是从句都必须有引导词,引导时间状语从句的词有when,before,after,until,as soon as,while 等,具体用法如下:

1. when 意为“当……时”,引导时间状语从句,表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生。

eg: I feel very happy when you come to see me.

When you are crossing the street,you must be careful.

when引导的时间状语从句,when的从句可以用延续性动词,也可以用瞬间动词。

eg:He was working at the table when I went in. 。

Someone knocked at the door when I was sleeping.

I will visit my good friend when I have time.

注:when也可以作并列连词,表示一个动词正在进行的时候,突然间发生了另外一件事。

eg: I was fishing by the river,when someone called for help.

We were working in the chemistry lab,when the lights went out.

2. before 意为“在……之前”,引导时间状语从句时,表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。 eg: We cleaned the classroom before we left school yesterday.

He had been a cook before he went to college .

after 意为“在……之后”,引导时间状语从句时,表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。

eg: After you use plastic bags,you mustn't throw them about.

He called me after he had finished his work.

注:若主句和从句两个动作发生的先后顺序十分接近,那么也可以不用完成时态,如上面的第二句可改成:He called me after he finished his work.

3. since引导的时间状语从句,译为“自从……”,主句常用现在完成时,从句常用一般过去时。

eg: I have taught English, since I came to Shenzhen.

注:常用句型:It is +时间段+since从句译为:自从……有多长时间了。

eg. It is six years since she graduated from the university.

4. until 意为“直到……时”,引导时间状语从句时,表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。

当主句的谓语动词是持续性动词时,主句常用肯定形式;当主句的谓语动词是非持续性动词时,从句常用否定形式,not…until… 意为“直到……才……”,这时的until 可以用before 来替换。

eg:I'll stay here until you come back.

我会呆在这里,直到你回来。 stay表示的动作可以持续

He didn't go to bed until he finished his homework.

他直到做完作业才睡觉。go to bed 表示的动作不能持续

5. as soon as 意为“一……就……”,表示从句的动作一发生,主句的动作马上就

发生。

eg:I'll tell him about it as soon as he comes back.

6. while引导的时间状语从句,常译为“与……同时,在……期间”,while的从句

中常用延续性动词或表示状态的词。

eg. They rushed in while we were discussing problems.

Father was cleaning the car while I was playing computer games.

注:while也可以作并列连词,表转折的关系,相当于but,译为“然而”。

eg. I like listening to music,while my brother likes doing sports.

7. till和until引导的时间状语从句,译为“直到……为止”,not … till /

until引导的时间状语从句,译为“直到……才”。前者强调主句动作的结束,用延续性

动词,后者强调主句动作的开始,用瞬间动词。

eg. I will wait for my friend until / till he comes. 我要一直等到我朋友来。 We won't start our discussion until / till he comes.

我们要等到他来了,再开始我们的讨论。

2条件状语从句

1.条件状语从句通常由if, unless引导。

eg:What shall we do if it snows tomorrow?

Don’t leave the building unless I tell you to.

2.在条件状语从句里,谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。主将从现

eg:I’ll help you with your English if I am free tomorrow.

He won’t be late unless he is ill.

3.“祈使句 + and or+ 陈述句” 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。

eg:Hurry up, or you’ll be late.=If you don’t hurry up, you’l l be late.

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