00837自考旅游英语选读复习资料

旅游英语选读常见单词（复习资料）

A boom resort兴旺发展的旅游胜地 A buoyant level of tourism蓬勃发展的旅游业

A form of modern consumer behavior现代消费行为的一种形式

A lay-over短暂停留 A leakage流失资金 A minor fiscal muisance一项小小的财政事务

A net deficit净逆差 A strange international tourism sector实力强大的国际旅游服务部门

A study tour考察旅游Accommodation and support facilities住宿和其他辅助设施

Accounting department财务部Accreditation services审定工作Advertising agency广告公司

Air fares航空票价Air France法国航空公司Air taxi出租飞机服务

All and sundry全部,所有的人All walks of life各阶层All-inclusive package tours价格全包旅游An accelerator concept加速器原则An invisible payment on Britain’s balance英国账目上的无形支出Annual receipts年收入Arts and craft工艺美术

As far as the demand for travel services is concerned就旅游服务的需求而言

ASEAN countries东南亚国家联盟August Bank Holiday八月银行假日August bodies权威机构Back office system后台办公系统Baggage checks行李票

Balance of payments with the outside world对外收支平衡Balance of payments收支平衡

Basic point-to point air fares两地间基本航空运作Be tailored to each executive’s needs根据每个商务Bermuda百慕大群岛Boeing757波音757 British Airways英国航空公司

Burgeoning tourism industry刚刚萌芽的旅游工业Business travel agent专门经办商务旅游的代理商Business traveler商务旅游者

cable cars缆车Capital investment资本投资Car hire小汽车出租

Carry capacity运载能力Charter aircraft包机Charter flights包机航班Chief engineer总工程师Come into service开始投入使用Commissions佣金Commuter airlines地方短距离运输航空公司Computer graphic package计算机图形包Conditions旅游中条件或服务项目Congloments联合大企业Contracting countries签约国Controller or chief accountant财务部总审计师或总会计师Convention hotels会议饭店Cottage industries家庭手工业Cross-border travel横穿边境的旅行CRS)Computer reservations system计算机预系统Cruise ships巡游船CTC )

Certified travel counselors持有证书的旅游顾问Culinary arts烹调艺术

Cultural visit文化旅游Customized services按要求提供的服务项目

Dealers in dreams销售梦幻Densely crowed cities人口稠密的地方Design studio设计室Diagonal intergration斜向联合Domestic tourism 国内旅游Dorminant paradig, 主要形式Dwell on 详述Ecosysytems生态系统Education visits教育旅游，休学旅游

Empty nesters没有孩子拖累的家庭（空巢效应）En route在途中End objective最终目标Enhancing human capital through training and education通过教育与培训来增强人力资本的势力

Enjoy more preferential government policies享受政府更多的优惠政策

Enter into the very fabric of life走入真正的生活当中去

Entrepreneurial skills and ingenuity企业经营技巧与创新Ethnic minority groups少数民族

European Community欧洲共同体Excluded by direct reference明确指出不包括

Executive aircraft公务飞机Executive housekeeper客房部主管

Exhaust fumes废气Exotic and unusual holidays 猎奇旅游

Expert Statistical Group专家统计小组Extras各种额外费用

Flag-carrier以国家航运为主业的国家航空公司Frequent flyer programmes飞行常客奖励计划

Frontier formalities边境手续

Games room游艺室Gard currency硬通货Gard-wired硬接线

Generating areas旅游产生地

Given no commensurate decline in living standards在不考虑生活水准大幅下降的情况下

GNP) Gross national product国民生产总值

High-spend visitors高消费游客Hold for old and new tourism用于旧旅游和新旅游Hotel chains饭店联号Impulse purchasing 冲动购买In the event of customer complaints如果顾客提出投诉In the form of holographs一全息照片的形式Inbound tourism入境旅游Income multiplie收入乘数Independent inclusive tour个体包价旅游Indulge in尽情享受Industry code of conduct行业行为规范In-flight magazines机上杂志In-house compute公司内部使用的计算机Instant culture文化快餐Insurance coverage保险范围Internal tourism境内旅游International tourism国际旅游Inter-office computer linkups办公室间的计算机连用

Into its initial stage in the development cycle进入发展周期的初始阶段Invisible receipt无形收入Invisibles无形商品Itineraries旅游活动日程，旅游路线ITX)Inclusive Tour Excursion游览包价旅游Jet airliner喷气式飞机Jurisdictions管辖区

Kurtaxe 疗养税

Labor-intensive industry劳动密集型产业Lay analyst非专业分析Leisure time余暇Lesser developed countries较不发达国家Load factors飞机载客率，机座占有率Local color地方色彩Long-haul and short-haul长途和短途Long-haul domestic travel国内长距离旅游

Make a profit 获得利润Make ends meet使收支相抵，量入为出

Management know-how管理方面的实际技巧，经验Market oriented reforms以市场为导的改革Market segmentation市场细分Marketing tool市场营销工具Mass tourism大众旅游Monorails operated by magnetism靠磁力运行的单轨铁路More green更有环境保护意识

Multi-stopover independent tours旅游中多次停留的散客National income国民收入

National tourism国家级旅游Nature preserves/reserves自然保护区Need deficiencies需求不足Net discretionary incomes可以随意支配的收入Non-commodity currency非商品货币

Non-profit overseas offices非营利性海外机构

OECD)the organization for Economic cooperation and development经济合作与发展联盟

On a case by case basis依据具体情况处理的原则Outbound tourism出境旅游Overseas Chinese海外华人Package tour包价旅游Paid holiday带薪假日Pay a premium交学费

Peripheral environment周边环境Pleasure craft游乐船Police registration出境证明

Potential travelers潜在的旅游者Preferential policies优惠政策Price inelastic无价格弹性Profit-making corporation盈利公司Publicity material 宣传品Purchasing agent采购员

Purchasing power购买力pylons架线塔

Quick access to information信息途径快捷

Rare flora and fauna珍稀植物和动物Rates of inflation通货膨胀Recreation vehicles娱乐，行宿两用车Refusal to grant exit permits拒绝发放出境证明

Relieving the pressure on other rural areas减轻时其他乡村地带的压力Repeat business回头客带来的生意Retail agencies 零售旅行社Return on sales销售回报Round trip往返旅行Round-the-world trip环球旅行Sales/distribution outlets销售网点Sand dunes沙丘Scale economies规模经济Scheduled liner定期客轮Scheduled or charter services不定期客运或包机服务Scope economies范围经济Severe environmental degradation from heavy usage由于使用频繁而造成的严重的环境恶化

Ski pistes滑雪道skyscraper hotel syndrome摩天宾馆综合症

society environmental needs社会环境需求source of revenue收入来源

specialist operators专营某种旅游的经营商specialized tourism专项旅游stand-by fares候补票价subsidized exchange rates特别补贴兑换率Sunbathing日光浴

tailor-made services特别服务项目target markets目标方面target sales目标销售额

tax receipts税收收入terra cotta warriors and horses兵马俑tertiary industry第三产业

the “Grand Tour”大旅游the aircraft is placed at the desposal of the operator飞机提供旅游自由支配the balance of payments on the tourism account旅游账目的收支平衡the budge market廉价市场

the Caribbean Community加勒比共同体the deep-seated traditions根深蒂固的传统

the done thing 合乎俗礼的事the drawing power吸引力

the East Caribbean Common Market加勒比海共同市场the ecological balance生态平衡

the Eurasian Continent欧亚大陆the Far East远东the foreign exchange receipts外汇收入

the idea of prepotency优先原理

The International Conference on Travel and Tourism Statistics联合国统计委员会

the International Monetary Fund国际货币基金组织the jargon of marketing营销学的术语

the life cycle of the family家庭生命周期the local share of the market当地市场份额

the luxury market豪华市场the midscale market中级市场the mode of travel旅行方式

The National Travel Survey国民旅游调查the supply and demand equilibrium供求平衡关系

the support services辅助服务the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development联合国贸易与发展The US Travel Data Center 美国旅游资料中心TIM)Tourism Income Multiplier旅游收入增值

to give full exposures to China’s tourism resources以充分展现中国的旅游to have family reunions举家团聚to package their own tours组合自己的报价旅游tour basing fares航空包价旅游票价tour brochure旅游宣传册tourism boom旅游业的繁荣Tourist interests旅游者权益Tourist operators旅游经营商Transit travelers过境旅游者Travel for travel’s sake为旅游而旅游Travel principals旅游经营商Travel retailers旅游零售商/代理商Trunk route airlines干线航空公司

Umbrella brochure伞式宣传册Unit costs单位成本United Nations General Assembly联合国大会V AT)Value added tax增值税Vertical integration垂直合并Visual pollution视觉污染

Wind erosion风蚀Word of mouth recommendation口头宣传Word of mouth 口碑

World cultural heritage世界文化遗产

Low countries低地国家

vertical and horizontal integration垂直合并和水平式结合airline oligopolies 航线的寡头垄断

the International Air Transport Association国际航空运输协会air carriers航空公司waybills运货单accreditation services审定工作ICAO)the International Civil Aviation Organization国际民航组织PATA) The Pacific Asia Travel Association太平洋亚洲旅行协会（太亚旅协）disposable income 可自由支配的收入non-residential travel 非居住地旅游natural reserve 自然保护区Sustainable development 可持续发展Discretionary time 可自由支配的时间Ethnic tour 民俗风情游Contrived attractions 人文旅游景点Invisible products 无形产品Cultural heritage 文化遗产Package tour 包价旅游Landscape poetry 山水诗Maritime commerce 海上贸易Outbound tourists 出境旅游者

Complete harmony of man and nature天人合Foreign exchange income 外汇收入

Nation of tourists 旅游容源国Temper one's wills 磨炼意志

Offering sacrifices to Heaven and Earth 封禅Terracotta soldiers and horses 兵马俑

A carefree journey 逍遥游Encyclopedic knowledge 渊博的知识（万事通）

Cultural accomplishment 文化素养To be chest out and stomach in 挺胸收腹

A land of protocol 礼仪之邦Customers foremost ,service best 宾客第一服务至上

Eye contact 眼神交流Psychological qualities 心里素质Repeated customers 回头客Courtesy and etiquettes 礼貌礼仪Personal hygiene 个人卫生The Marble Archway 牌坊Spring at Su Causeway 苏堤春晓Three Pools Mirroring the Moon 三潭映月Peak Flown From Afar 飞来峰The Big Wild Goose Pagoda 大雁塔The Hall of Supreme Harmony 太和殿The Hall of Praying for Good Harvest 祈年殿Listening to Orioles Singing in the Willows柳浪闻莺The Terra Cotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shi Huang 秦始皇兵马俑The Forest of Stone Tablets 西安碑林

Buddhist Paradise 极乐世界To do service 做礼拜The Theory of Five Elements 五行学说Book of Changes 易经Do not to do others what you do not want done to yourself 己所不欲勿施于人The art of Buddhist figures 佛像艺术The Temple of Three Pures 三清宫

The Temple of Town God 城隍庙Make a pilgrimage to Mecca 朝觐麦加Easter 复活节

Sutra Library 藏经阁Old Homes in the southern Anhui 皖南古居

The Palace of Earthly Tranquility 坤宁宫Glazed tiles 琉璃瓦

Circular stone terrace 圆形汉白玉台基Timber structure 木结构

Place of excellent geomantic quality 风水宝地The symmetrical plain layout 对称平面布局Stone animals and human statues 石像生The Main Buddha Hall 大雄宝殿Art of gardening 造园艺术Monastery gardens 寺庙园林Come back to nature 回归自然View borrowing 借景

The Mountain-in-View Tower 见山楼The zigzag bridge 曲桥View hindering 障景The Bonsai Garden 盆景园Inscribed tablets 匾额楹联Water-side pavilions 水榭Vermicelli with Spicy Minced Pork 蚂蚁上树

Traditional medicine and food share a common origin 衣食同源Savory and Crisp Duck 香酥鸡Clear Stewed Meatballs in Yangzhou清炖扬州狮头Stewed mixed vegetables 罗汉斋

Chicken cubes with chili peppers 辣子鸡丁Vegetarian "chicken " 素鸡Table manners 餐桌礼仪

Eight treasure porridge 八宝粥Melon carving arts 瓜雕艺术Bodiless lacquer ware 脱胎漆器Elegant modelling and lustrous color造型大方.色泽光润Hand-stitching work 挑花

An embroidery bamboo scroll 刺绣竹卷轴画Glazing techniques 上釉技术

Neolithic relics 新石器时代遗址Yixing Zisha (Purple Clay )ware 宜兴紫沙陶

Veined porcelain 纹片瓷The double-sided embroidery 双面绣

Chrysanthemum stone carving 菊花石雕The Autumnal Equinox 秋分

Height Ascending Festival 登高节Nature walks in spring 踏青Dragon Boat Racing 龙舟赛Stamping on the Flower Hill Festival踩花山节Grain in ear 芒种Set off firecrackers 放鞭炮Cultural connotations 文化内涵Walk on stilts 踩高跷Enjoying the flourishing chrysanthemum 赏菊Intercultural communication 跨文化交际Interaction function 交互功能

Verbal greetings 言语问候Intonation patterns 语调模式High context culture 高文化语境Language barriers 语言障碍Cultural difference factors 文化差异因素

Drop one's voice to a low pitch 降低声调Culture shock 文化休克Behavior patterns 行为方式Look somebody in the eye 正视M-time and P-time 单一性时间观与多样性时间观

Eye movement 眼部动作Touching behavior 触摸行为Culture acquisition 文化习得

To kill time 消磨时间Nonverbal behaviors 非言语行为sit cross -legged翘二郎腿

To save face 顾全面子Space orientation 空间取向Rule of protocol 礼仪规范Exchange pleasantries 寒暄Ethnic heritage 民族传统Put a burden on 增加负担

A floral arrangement 饰有花卉图案的安排表Etiquettes and taboos 礼仪与禁忌

Good quality wine 优质葡萄酒Lightly kissing on the cheeks 轻吻脸颊

a token of affection 慈爱表现The extended family 大家庭

Lesson 1 What is tourism?

1.Four different perspectives of tourism(要考虑的四个不同方面)：The tourist / The business providing

tourist goods and services / The government of the host community or area / The host community

2.The importance of giving a definition of tourism(旅游定义的重要性)：Each of the many definitions that

have arisen is aimed at fitting a special situation and solving an immediate problem,and the lack of uniform definitions has hampered study of tourism as discipline.

3.One has only to consider the multidimensional aspects of tourism and its interactions with other activities to

understand why it is difficult to come up with a meaningful definition that will be universally accepted.

4.WTO definitions(WTO 下的定义)

1)The definitions of tourism(旅游)：Tourism comprises the activities of persons traveling to and staying

in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure,business and other purposes.

2)The definitions of international tourism(国际旅游)

a)Inbound tourism(入境旅游):visits to a country by nonresidents

b)Outbound tourism（出境旅游）:visits by residents of a country to another country

3)The definitions of internal tourism（境内旅游）:visits by residents of a country to their own country

4)The definitions of domestic tourism（国内旅游）: internal tourism plus inbound tourism(the tourism

market of accommodation facilities and attractions within a country)

5)The definitions of national tourism（国家级旅游）: internal tourism plus outbound tourism(the

resident market tourism market for travel agents and airlines)

5.Tourism as defined by...(其他国家或地区定义)

1)The United States(美国)：A tourist is one who travels away from home for a distance of at least 50

miles(one way) for business, pleasure, personal affairs,or any other purpose except to commute to work,whether he stays overnight or returns the same day.

2)Canada（加拿大）:nonresident travelers, resident travelers, and other travelers.Both nonresident

travelers and resident travelers include both same-day and business https://www.360docs.net/doc/c217216608.html,muters are included and are not distinguished from other same-day business travelers. Other travelers consist of immigrants, former residents, military personnel, and crews.

3)The United Kingdom（英国）:It measures all trips away from home lasting one or night or more,taken

by residents for holidays,visits to friends and relatives(non holiday), or for business, conferences, and most other purposes.

4)Australia（澳大利亚）:A person visiting a location at least 40 km from his usual place of residence, for

a period of at least 24 hours and not exceeding twelve months.

5)China（中国）：The sum of all the phenomena and relations arising from the travel and temporary stay

by people who have left home to go to other places to visit.

Notes；

Leisure time余暇 a study tour考察旅游 a wilderness park天然公园

vital to对...至关重要the rail of a cruise ship游船栏杆make a profit获得利润

tax receipts税收收入the foreign exchange receipts外汇收入the sum total收入乘数

august bodies权威机构...arriving at a consensus达到统一round trip往返旅行

narrow operational definitions只限于实际操作的定义come up with a meaningful definition that will be universally accepted做出一个能被普遍接受的定义

The League of Nations联合国

WTO：World Tourism Organization 世界旅游组织

OECD：Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development经济合作与发展组织

The International Conference on Travel and Tourism Statistics 国际旅游统计会议

The United Nations Statistical Commission 联合国统计委员会

International tourism国际旅游

Inbound tourism 入境旅游Outbound tourism 出境旅游

Internal tourism 国际旅游Domestic tourism 国内旅游

National tourism 国家级旅游The National Travel Survey（美国）国民旅游调查

The U.S. Travel Data Center 美国旅游资料中心Round trip 往返旅行

Hospitality industry 旅游服务业One-way trip 单程旅游

China Tourism Statistic Annual 中国旅游统计年鉴The United Kingdom Tourism Survey 英国旅游调查

The National Tourist Board of England 英格兰国家旅游委员会

Lesson 2 Mass tourism and New tourism

1.Modern tourism

1)The Grand Tour（大旅游）:A tour of certain cities in Western Europe undertaken primarily, but not

exclusively for education and pleasure.

2)The first package holiday built around air transport:This was undertaken by Vladimir Raitz, a

Russian emigre educated at the London School of Economics.

2.Mass tourism（大众旅游）

1)The characteristics（特点）:standardization and rigidity

2)Four conditions（4个条件）:

a)The holiday is standardized, rigidly packaged and inflexible.No part of the holiday could

be altered except by paying higher prices.

b)The holiday is produced through the mass replication of identical units, with scale

economies as the driving force.

c)The holiday is mass marketed to an undifferentiated clientele.

d)The holiday is consumed en mass, with a lack of consideration by tourists for local norms,

culture, people or the environment of tourist receiving destinations.

3.New tourism（新旅游）

1)The characteristics（特点）:one of the key characteristic s of the new tourism is flexibility---flexible

consumers, flexible services and the flexibility of products to more with the market.

2)Conditions（条件）:

a)The holiday is flexible and can be purchased at prices that are competitive with

mass-produced holidays.

b)Production of travel and tourism-related services are not dominated by scale economies

alone.Tailor-made services will be produced while still taking advantages of scale

economies where they apply.

c)Production is increasingly driven by the requirements of consumers.

d)The holiday marketed to individuals with different needs, incomes, time constraints and

travel interests. Mass marketing is no longer the dominant paradigm.

e)The holiday is consumed on a large scale by tourists who are more experienced travelers,

more educated, more destination oriented, more independent, more flexible and more

‘green’

f)Consumers look at the environment and culture of the destinations they visit as a key part

of the holiday experience.

3)Five main impulses driving new tourism（5个推动力）:

a)New consumers

b)New technologies

c)New production practices

d)New management techniques

e)Changes in the industry’s frame conditions

Notes:

Harks back to可追溯到，开始于Low Countries低地国家package tours包价旅游

Was equated with相等purchasing power购买力coupled with外加，加上

Paid holidays带薪假日mass tourism大众旅游charter flights包机航班

Vertical and horizontal integration垂直合并和水平式结合diagonal integration斜向联合

Market segmentation市场细分airline oligopolies航线的寡头垄断takes hold固定下来，确立Customized cervices按要求提供的服务dominant paradigm主要形式geared to适应

More green更有环保意识scale economics规模经济scope economics范围经济

Tailor-made services特别服务项目at the various ports of calls在不同的停靠港holds for适用于Take hold抓住spur on飞驰

Alexander the Great 亚历山大大帝

Grand Tour 大旅游Low Countries 低地国家

Thomas Cook 托马斯-库克Package tours 包价旅游

Thomas Cook and Son托马斯-库克父子公司Purchasing power 购买力

Paid holiday 带薪假日Charter tour 包机旅游Mass tourism 大众旅游Rigidly packaged 团体包机制Charter tourism 包机航班Airline oligopolies 航线的寡头垄断Mediterranean 地中海

Market segment 市场细分Diagonal integration 斜向联合Customized services 按要求提供的服务项目Dominant paradigm 主要形式More green 更有环保意识Take hold 确定下来

Scale economies规模经营Scope economies 范围经济Tailor-made services 特别服务项目

Water transportation 水上运输Hellenistic urban system 希腊城邦制French Revolution 法国革命

The Battle of Waterloo 滑铁卢战役Far East 远东

Lesson 3 Tourism Organizations

1.International Organizations（国际旅游）:

1)World Tourism Organization---WTO 世界旅游组织，中国1983年10月加入

It is the only organization that represents all national and official tourists interests.

2)International Air Transport Association---IATA 国际航空运输协会，中国1999年加入

It is the global organization for virtually all the international air carriers.

3)International Civil Aviation Organization---ICAO 国际民航组织，1971年加入

It is an organization of some 80 governments joined to promote civil aviation on a worldwide scale.

2.Regional international Organizations（区域性国际组织）:

1)Organization for Economic Cooperation Development---OECD 经济合作与发展组织

2)Pacific Asia Travel Association---PATA 太平洋亚洲旅行协会，简称“太亚旅协”，中国已加入

3.National Organization（国家组织）:

1)The United States Travel and Tourism Administration美国旅行和旅游管理

2)The China National Tourism Administration 中国国家旅游局

Notes:

Access to能进入，能适用tourist operators旅游经营商police registration出境证明

Frontier formalities边境手续air carriers航空公司baggage checks行李票

Accreditation services审定工作contracting countries签约国in accordance with根据

Apply to适用于be of use有用的eligible for合格，够资格concentrate on集中于

Rank ICAO：the International Civil Aviation Organization国际民航组织

IATA：the International Air Transport Association国际航空运输协会

PNS：Passenger Network Services乘客网络服务公司

PATA：Pacific Asia Travel Association太平洋亚洲旅行协会

USTTA：United States Travel and Tourism Administration 美国旅行和旅游协会

CNTA：The China National Tourism Administration 中国国家旅游管理局

ECOSOC：Economic and Social Council of the UN联合国经济组织及社会理事会

Tourist operators 旅游经营商Frontier formalities边境手续（过境手续）

Air carriers 航空公司Baggage checks 行李票

Accreditation service审定工作Contracting countries签约国Set rate 统一汇率

International Organizations 国际（性）组织Regional International Organizations地区性国际组织

National Organizations国家级旅游组织On a worldwide scale 世界规模

Police registration 出境证明as排名second to仅次于engaged in从事于

Lesson 4 Defining the Person

1.International travel

1)The first recommendation made by the Committee of Statistical Experts（统计专家委员会第一次

提出的建议）

The first recommendation made in 1963 by the Committee of Statistical Experts of the short-lived League of Nations. Their definition described an international tourist as anyone visiting a country, other than that which is usual place of residence, for more than 24 hours.

2)The modification made by the IUOTO（IUOTO的修改）：

The International Union of Official Travel Organization(IUOTO) resurrected and modified the Committee’s definition in 1950 by including students on study tours as tourists and by specifying a new type of traveler called an international excursionist.

3)Distinction between tourists and visitors drew by 1963 Conference on International Travel and

Tourism（1963联合国在罗马召开的国际旅游会议对游客和游客之间的区别）：

It drew a distinction between tourists ,who stayed for more than 24 hours, and visiters, who stayed for less than 24 hours.

4)The distinction made between tourists and day visitors or excursionists suggested by the Expert

Statistical Group（专家统计所建议的游客和游客或远足之间的区别）：

They suggested that the distinction be made between tourists, who stayed overnight, and day visitors or Excursionists, who did not.

5)Terms and associated definitions published by the WTO in 1981（1981年WTO公布的相关条款

的定义）：

International visiters are to be divided into international tourists and international excursionists:

International tourists: visitors who spend at least one night in accommodation in the destination country.

International excursionists: visitors who do not spend at least one night in accommodation in the destination country.

2.Domestic travel

WTO’s guidelines for the definition of domestic tourism（WTO对国内旅游定义的指导方针）：

They urge national tourism organization to:

a)Include both citizens and foreign nationals in their country as domestic travelers.

b)Exclude travel associated with the pursuit of employment, such as commuting.

c)Make a distinction between extended or permanent migration and short-term migration or travel.

d)Make a further distinction between stays of more than 24 hours(or overnight) and less than 24 hours(or

not involving overnight stays).

Notes:

Evolved out of从...演变而来en route在途中transit travelers过境旅游者

Expert Statistical Group专家统计小组in the capacity of以...的身份 a lay-over短暂停留

Take up拿起be identical to与...相同impose on利用

IUOUT：International Union of Official Travel Organizations 国际官方旅游组织联盟

Expert Statistical Group 专家统计小组

The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development 联合国贸易与发展大会

The East Caribbean Common Market 东加勒比共同市场

The Caribbean Community加勒比共同体A lay-over 短暂停留

International Travel 国际旅游Domestic Travel 国内旅游En route 在途中

Transit traveler 过境旅游者International excursionist 国际短途旅游者

Domestic excursionist国内短途旅游者Day visitor 当日往返者

International visitor 国际游客International traveler国际旅游者

In-transit passenger 途中游览者(途中旅游者)Domestic traveler国内旅游者

Resident traveler 居民旅游者Non- resident traveler 非居民旅游者

Business traveler 商务旅游者（商务旅行者）Pleasure travel 消遣旅游者（娱乐型旅游者）

Destination country 目的国Permanent migration 永久移民Short-term migration 短期移民

Tourism promotion 旅游宣传Intercontinental travel 洲际旅游

Intracontinental travel跨国旅行Interregional travel 区域旅行Intraregional travel 地方旅行

Cultural tourist 文化旅行者

Lesson 5Determining Factors of Tourism

1.objective conditions of tourism（客观条件）

1)positive effects on demands（积极影响）: discretionary incomes/ increased educational standards/

increased leisure time/ improved transport

2)negative effects on demands（消极影响）: life cycle of the family

2.motivation of tourism（旅游动机）

1)The role of marketing（市场营销中的作用）：It is the role of marketing to suggest objectives---cruises,

flights, or vacations---to satisfy needs, an awareness of which has already been created.

2)Maslow’s hierachy of needs model（马斯洛的需要层次模型）：

a)Physiological---hunger, thirst, rest, activity

b)Safety---security, freedom from fear and anxiety

c)Belonging and love---affection, giving and receiving love

d)Esteem self esteem and esteem from others

e)Self-actualization---personal self-fulfillment

Notes:

Net discretionary incomes可随意支配的净收入resultant promotion职位的提升indulge in尽情享受

the life cycle of the family家庭生命周期the mode of travel旅行方式dealers in dreams销售梦幻Accommodation and support facilities住宿和其他辅助设施need deficiencies需求不足opt for选择

end objective最终目标lay out设计（城市、花园等）hierachy of needs model需要层次模型

submit to服从，听任in light of看作the idea of prepotency优先原理be embodied in体现Indulge in 尽情享受

Dealers in dreams 销售梦幻Need deficiencies 需求不足

End objective 最终目标Lay out 设计

Opt for 选择Submit to 服从The idea of prepotency 优先原理

Tourist resorts 旅游胜地International holiday国际假日

Railway excursion 火车短程旅行

Travel agent 旅行代理商Tourist motivation 旅游动机Off-peak period 旅游淡季

Peak holiday period 旅游旺季Travel mode 旅行方式Tourist routs 旅行线路

Net earning 净收入Spa vocation 在矿泉疗养地度假

Bus and coach tour 公共汽车，旅行车观光游览Transportation mode 交通工具

Lesson 6 Types of Tourists and Their Needs

1.Types of tourists(旅游者类型)：rest and relaxation/ cultural visits/ educational visits/ exotic and

unusual holidays/ travel as a norm of behavior/ business travel/ other travelers for pleasure

2.Business travel

1)Five points which influence decisions for business（影响商务决策的5点）：

a)Type of customer to be visited

b)Type of industry to be visited

c)Locations of customers/industry

d)Timing and duration of visits

e)Reason or need for visit

2)Business travel in the United States（美国的商务旅游）:In the USA about 10 per cent of all trip involve

up to thirty nights in a hotel.

3)Business travel in Britain（英国商务旅游）:Britain, with an international or export-orientated business

activity was in the upper end of these figures.

Notes:

in that在...方面the jargon of marketing营销学术语be dictated by取决于on offer出售，提供

the support辅助服务cultural/educational visits文化/修学旅游be of prime importance最重要的

exotic and unusual holidays猎奇旅游in character with与...本质上一致balanced by被...抵消

all and sundry所有人，全部rare flora and fauna珍惜植物和动物local color地方色彩

is ascribed to因为...造成的travel for travel’s sake为了旅游而旅游the foregoing前述各项

the done thing合乎俗礼的事be addicted to沉溺于price inelastic无价格弹性

appropriate for/to相称的be tailored to each executive’s needs根据每个商务人员的需要提供服务

Support services 辅助服务

Cultural visit 文化旅游

Educational visits 教育旅游，修学旅游

Exotic and unusual holidays 猎奇旅游On offer 出售，提供

All and sundry 全部，所有的人Rare flora and fauna 珍惜植物和动物

The Amazon River 亚马逊河The done thing 合乎俗礼的事

Travel for travel’s sake 为了旅游而旅游Duration of trip 逗留时间

Travel abroad 海外旅游Monte Carlo or Las Vegas 蒙特卡洛

Price inelastic 无价格弹性Adventure holiday 探险旅游

Culture tourist 文化旅游者Religious purpose 宗教目的

Tourism market 旅游市场Non-seasonal 无季节性

Full pension 全食宿Half pension 半食宿

Trekking holiday 徒步旅行Local colour 地方色彩Five-star hotel 五星级饭店

Lesson 7 Travel Agents（旅游代理）

1.The role of travel agents

1)Differences between the travel agent’s role and that of other retailers（旅行社和其他零售商的差

异）：agents do not purchase a product for resale to their customers.

2)Implications of these differences（差异影响）:

a)The cost of setting up in business is comparatively small compared to that of other retail

business

b)Agents are not seeking to dispose of products they have already purchased, so will therefore

display less brand loyalty towards a particular product or company

3)The main role of the travel agent（主要角色）:to provide a convenient location for the purchase of

travel.

4)Range of services（服务范围）:not only on the basis of the commission each earns but also

depending upon the demand in an area, the degree of specialization of the agency and the preferences and marketing policies of the proprietor.

2.Travel agency skills and competencies

1)Factors in the agency’s success(成功因素):good management and good service.

2)Functions of staff（职能）:

a)Advising potential travelers on resorts, carriers, travel companies and travel facilities

world-wide

b)Making reservations for all travel requirements

c)Planning itineraries of all kinds, including complex muitistopover independent tours

d)Accurately computing airline and other fares

e)Issuing travel tickets and vouchers

f)Communicating by telephone and letter with travel principals and customers

g)Maintaining accurate files on reservations

h)Maintaining and displaying stocks of travel brochures

i)Interceding with principals in the event of customer complaints

3)Counter-staff skills（技能）:

a)The ability to read timetables and other data sources

b)To construct airline fares

c)To write tickets

d)To have sufficient knowledge of their customers to be able to match customer needs with the

products available

e)Can competently operate computers, especially computer reservations systems

Notes:

Travel principals旅游经营商travel retailers旅游零售商（代理商）retail agencies零售旅行社

Sales outles---distribution outlets销售网点vie with与...竞争air fares航空票价

Decide against决定不... decide on/upon就某事做出决定source of revenue收入来源

Brand loyalty对某一特定品牌的信赖target sales目标销售额return on sales销售回报

Look to...(for)指望...，希望（从）...得到car hire小汽车出租word of mouth口碑

Word of mouth recommendation口头宣传the local share of the market当场市场份额

Potential travelers潜在的旅游者in the event of如果basic point-to-point air fares两地间基本航空运价Suffice to say that只要说..就够了back office and front office后台和前台hard wired硬接线

Capital investment资本投资come to terms with接受to package their own tours组合自己的包价旅游

Is ideally suited for非常适合stands in the way of阻挡take on带上dispose of处理set up成立Tour wholesaler 旅游批发商Tour operator 旅游经营商

Travel principals 旅游经营商Travel retailer旅游零售商

Retail agencies 零售旅行社Sales outlets 销售网点

British Airways 英国航空公司Air fares 航空票价Source of revenue 收入来源

Brand loyalty 对某一待定品牌的忠诚，信赖Return on sales 销售回报

ATOL: Air Travel Organizers’License 航空旅行组织者许可证

Car hire 小汽车出租（轿车出租）Word of mouth 口碑Word of mouth recommendation a口头宣传

The local share of the market 当地市场份额Potential travelers 潜在的旅游者

Multi-stopover independent tours 旅游中多次停留的散客旅游

A full range of services全方位服务All-round agent 全方位服务的代理商

CRS：computer reservations system 计算机预设系统

CITS：China International Travel Service 中国国际旅行社

Basic point-to-point air fares 两地间基本航空运价

Hard-wired 硬接线Capital investment 资本投资

Spread costs 分散资本Business travel agent 专门经办商务旅行的代理商

Traveler’s cheque 旅行支票

Travel insurance 旅游保险Travel product 旅游产品

Foreign exchange 外币兑换Procure visas 办理签证

Front office client relations 前台的顾客关系Management systems 管理系统

Back office systems 后台的办公系统10-Day Excursions 十日游

Lesson 8 The Tour Brochure(旅游宣传册)

1.The important role of the brochure(重要角色):It is a vital marketing tool, being the main influence on the

customer’s decision to buy.

2.package tour brochure（包价旅游手册）：It can be described as falling to three categories---shell folders/

umbrella brochures/ regular tour brochures.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/c217216608.html,rmation required in the brochure（手册里的内容）

a)The name of the firm responsible for the inclusive tour

b)The means of transport used, including, in the case of air transports, the name of the carrier(s), type and

class of aircraft used and whether scheduled or charter aircraft are operated

c)Full details of destinations, itinerary and times of travel

d)The duration of each tour(number of days/nights’ stay)

e)Full description of the location and type of accommodation provided, including any meals

f)Whether services of a representative are available abroad

g) A clear indication of the price for each tour, with any extras charged clearly shown on the same page

h)Exact details of special arrangements

i)Full conditions of booking, including details of cancellation conditions

j)Details of any optional or compulsory insurance coverage

k)Details of documentation required for travel to the destinations featured, and any heslth hazards or inoculations recommended

4.Ways of reducing wastage（减少浪费的方法）:By establishing standards against which to monitor the

performance of travel agents.

Notes:

Tour brochure旅游宣传册marketing tool市场营销工具design studio设计室

publicity material宣传品intangible product无形产品advertising agency广告公司

computer graphic packages计算机图形包in-house computer内部计算机lay out设计

fall into分为，陷入（某状态）tailor-made预先安排的tour basing fares包价旅游票价

run to多达long-haul and short-haul长途和短途house name公司名称games room游艺室

insurance coverage保险范围running off印出invest in投资于cut down削减distribution to分发put on增加associate with与...联系在一起

Marketing tool 市场营销工具

In-house computer 公司内部使用的计算机

Publicity material 宣传品

Independent inclusive tour 个体包价旅游

ITX：Inclusive Tour Excursion 游览包价旅游

Specialist operators 专营某种旅游(项目)的经营商Air holidays 飞机旅行

The purpose the brochure serves 宣传册的服务宗旨

Printing parlance 印刷术语Shell folders 图文并茂的折叠式手册

Umbrella brochures 联合宣传手册Regular tour brochures 定期旅游手册

Regular package holiday 定期包价旅游

Lesson 9 Air Passenger Transport

1. [M] Advantages of traveling by air

2. [M] Aircraft significant in the development of the airline industry

3. [U] Factors in the development of mass travel by air

4. [M] Airline services and different airlines

5. [U] Te marketing of air services

Jet airliner 喷气式客机

Carrying capacity 运载能力（运输能力）In-flight magazines 机上杂志

Advance purchase excursion ticket 预付款游览机票

Stand-by fare 候补票价‘Frequent flyer’programme飞行常客奖励计划

Load factor （飞机）载客率Unit costs 单位成本

Scheduled services 定期客运服务Nonscheduled or charter services 不定期客运或包机服务Air taxi services 出租飞机服务Air France 法国航空公司

American Airlines 美国航空公司The United Airlines 联合航空公司

SAS：Scandinavian Airlines System 斯堪的纳维亚航空公司Trunk route airline 干线航空公司Feeder airline 支线航空公司Commuter airline 地方短距离运输航空公司

EC：European Community 欧洲共同体Executive aircraft 公务飞机

Caravan routes 商队旅行路线The Continent 欧洲大陆

Air transport 航空运输Noise pollution 噪音污染Relocation 重新安置

Lesson 10 Transportation Mode Selection Decisions

1. [U] Factors that influence a person’s choice of transportation modes

2. [U] Travel by train, water, automobile and bus/motor coach

3. [M] Amtrak, two main roles of water transport today and two key roles of the coach Ground service 地面服务

Terminal facilities and locations 终点站的设施和位置

Profit-making corporation 盈利公司Orient Express 东方快车

Ocean liner 远洋定期客轮Transatlantic scheduled liner 横渡大西洋的定期客轮

Cruise line 游船公司Recreation vehicles 娱乐行宿两用车

Empty nesters 没有孩子拖累的家庭Transportation mode 交通方式

Resort hotel 度假旅馆Car rental 汽车租赁Seaside resort 海滨度假地

Destination resort 目的地度假Ferry serve 轮渡业务

Lesson 11 A Brief History of Hospitality

1. [M] Turning point in the history of hospitality

2. [U] English/ European inns and American inns

3. [U] Early hotels in the United States

4. [M] City Hotel, Tremont House and Ellsworth Statler

5. [U] The Growth of hotel chains.

6. [M] Holiday Inn

7. [M] Names of hotel chains

Commercial hotel 商业饭店Commercial traveler 旅行商人

Near East近东Hotel chain 饭店联号

Resort hotel 度假饭店Convention hotel 会议饭店

Convention industry会议旅游业Hilton Hotel希尔顿饭店公司

Hilton international 希尔顿国际饭店公司Holiday Inn 假日旅馆公司

Hyatt international 凯悦国际饭店公司Regent international 丽晶国际饭店公司Travel industry 旅馆业(旅游业)Resort industry 度假旅游业

City hotel 市区饭店Franchising 特许经营法

Franchise 特许经营权Sheraton 喜来登饭店公司

Lesson 12 Hotel Structure and Staff

1. [U] General manager

2. [U] Hotel staff and the organizational chart

3. [M] Major departments and their heads

4. [U] The important roles played by the six primary departments Managing director 总经理Organizational chart 组织结构图

Executive housekeeper 客房部主管Resident manager 驻店经理

Food and beverage manager 餐饮部经理Chief engineer 总工程师

Director of sales 销售部总监Personnel director 人事部主任

Controller or chief accountant 总会计师Front-office manager 前厅部经理Purchasing agent 采购员Rooms department 客房部

Food and beverage department餐饮部Engineering department 工程部

Sales department 销售部Personnel department 人事部

Accounting department 财务部

Repeat business 回头客带来的生意Department head 部门主管

Coffee shop 咖啡馆Banquet room 宴会厅

Lesson 13 The Economic Effects of Tourism

1. [M] The way tourism creates income

2. [M] The way tourism creates jobs

3. [U] Multipliers

4. [U] The steps to maximize the tourist receipts

5. [U] Conditions for drawing investment

Balance of payment 收支平衡

Labor-intensive industry劳动密集型产业

A buoyant level of tourism 蓬勃发展的旅游业

V AT：value added tax 增值税Kurtaxe 疗养税

Departure tax 离境税National income 国民收入

TIM：Tourism Income Multiplier 旅游收入增值A leakage 流失资金

Generating areas 旅游产生地Invisible 无形商品

Invisible receipt 无形收入Invisible payment 无形支出

Tourism account 旅游账目The Queen’s Sliver Jubilee 女王银婚周年

A net deficit 净逆差Subsidized exchange rates 特别补贴兑换率

An accelerator concept 加速器原则

Lesson 14 The Sociocultural Effects of Tourism

1. [U] Significance of tourism

2. [U] The Sociocultural impacts of tourism

H.M’s Customs 英王陛下的关税收入

The world’s culture heritage 世界文化遗产

Morris dancing 莫利斯舞Arts and crafts 工艺美术

Cottage industries 家庭手工业United Nations General Assembly 联合国大会

Deep-seated tradition根深蒂固的传统Instant culture 文化快餐

The Changing of the Guard 英国皇室卫队的换岗仪式Cultural exchange 文化交流Historical sites 历史遗迹International tourist year 国际旅游年

Job opportunity 就业机会Cultural landscape文化风景Cultural heritage 文化遗产

Host country 旅游接待国Traditional value 传统价值观

Tourist trap 旅游陷阱Cultural resources 文化资源Technological changes技术改革Religious understanding 宗教理解Sporting activities 体育活动Airport art 航空纪念品

Lesson 15 The Environmental Effects of Tourism

1. [M] Sustainable development of tourism and its meaning

2. [U] The environmental effects of tourism

3. [U] Measures for the protection of tourist attractions from the impact of mass tourism

4. [U] The future of tourism

Exhaust fumes 废气Norfolk Broads诺福克郡的宽阔水面

Pleasure craft 游乐船Skyscraper hotel syndrome 摩天宾馆综合症

Visual pollution 视觉污染Graffiti pollution 涂写污染

Physical capacity 物理承载力Psychological capacity心理承载力

August Bank Holiday 八月银行假日Ecological balance 生态平衡

Acropolis in Athens 希腊雅典的卫城A boom resort 兴旺发展的旅游胜地

Tourism boom旅游业的繁荣

High-spend visitor 高消费游客Inter-office computer linkups办公室间的计算机联网Impulse purchasing 冲动购买Nation landscape 国家风景资源

Takeaway food外卖食品Rare plants珍稀植物Tourist attraction观光名胜

An area of scenic beauty 风景胜地Physical environment自然环境

Water reaction 水上娱乐活动Day tripper 一日游客Collect souvenir 收集纪念品

National park 国家公园Self-catering 自供伙食的

Lesson 16 An Assessment of China’s Tourism Resources

1. [M] The role of resources in China’s tourism development

2. [M] Natural and human tourism resources in China

3. [U] Recent developments in China’s Tourism Resources

4. [U] Problems in China’s tourism resource development

Tourist Resources

Terra cotta warriors horses兵马俑Six Great Ancient Capital 六大古都

Social heritage 社会传统Ethnic diversity 民族多样性

Ethnic minority groups 少数民族Culinary arts 烹饪艺术

The State Council 国务院Preferential policies 优惠政策

Natural preserves 自然保护区Multiethnic culture 多民族文化

Tourism and Vacation 旅游度假区Short-term sightseers短期观光者

Negative impact 负面作用Blind construction 盲目建设Human landscape 人造景观

Lesson 17 Domestic Tourism in China: Policies and Development

1. [M] Domestic tourism and its relation with the development of the economy

2. [U] Domestic tourism development in China

3. [U] Economic and socio-cultural impacts

4. [U] Domestic tourism development measures

5. [U]The future of China’s domestic and its development strategies

International tourism sector 国际旅游服务部门Make end meet使收支相抵（量入为出）Hard currency 硬通货The International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金组织

GNP：gross national product国民生产总值The structure of consumer spending消费结构All-inclusive package tours 价格全包旅游Non-commodity currency 通货膨胀率

The luxury market 豪华市场The mid-scale market 中级市场

The budge market 廉价市场Industry code of conduct 行业行为规范

The supply and demand equilibrium 供求平衡关系Long-haul domestic travel 国内长期旅游Non-commodity currency非商品货币Business travel activities 商务旅行活动

Living standard 生活水平Development cycle 发展周期

Peal River Delta 珠江三角洲Handicraft-sand tourist souvenirs 手工艺品及旅游纪念品

Lesson 18 China’s Tourism: Opportunities, Challenges and Strategies

1. [M] Opportunities for further tourism development in China

2. [U] Challenges that China’s tourist industry faces

3. [U] Appropriate government strategies and policies

Densely crowded cities人口稠密的城市Specialized tourism 专项旅游

Tertiary industry 第三产业ASEAN countries 东南亚国家联盟

Market-oriented reforms以市场为导向的改革

GA TT：General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 关税及贸易总协定

Quick access to information 信息途径快捷

Peripheral environment 周边环境

Management know-how 管理方面的实际技巧，经验

Cross-border travel 横穿边境的旅行

CTC：certified travel counselor持有证书的旅游顾问

Target markets 目标市场

Non-profit overseas offices 非赢利性海外机构

Pay a premium 交学费

The drawing power 吸引力

Annual receipts 年收入

A strategic industry 一项战略产业

Pacific Asia Travel Association 亚太旅游联合会

Nature-and culture-based ecotourism自然及文化型生态旅游

Diversity of landscapes 自然风光的多样性

GDP：gross domestic product 国内生产总值

Nature landscape 自然风光

History and antiquity 历史文物

Folk cultures 民族文化

Leisure travel 休闲旅游

Destination economy 目的地经济

1. International tourism is the largest export earner and an important factor in the balance of payments of many countries.

1. 国际旅游是世界上最大的出口创汇行业，是许多国家实现收支平衡的一个重要因素。

2. With its headquarters in Madrid, Spain, WTO is an inter-governmental body entrusted by the United Nations towards the promotion and development of tourism.

2．世界旅游组织的总部设在西班牙的马德里。它是附属于联合国、旨在促进和发展旅游业的政府间组织。

3. The specialized travel press should provide accurate and reliable information to the consumers of tourism services.

3．旅游新闻应向游客提供准确可靠的旅游服务信息。

4. Natural environment must be protected with a view to achieving sound, continuous and sustainable economic growth.

4．为了保证经济的良性、持续发展，必须保护自然环境。

5. It is the largest and most magnificent group of palaces existing in China and a treasure house of various relics.

5. 它是中国最大、最完整的宫殿群，是中国文化遗产宝库。

6. The Purple Forbidden City was inaccessible to the common people. Even the highest civil and military officers could not enter it without good reason.

6. 过去的紫禁城，普通百姓是不能进入的，即使是朝中高官也不得无故入内。

7. Some expectations cannot be fulfilled even at a very high price which can be offered.

7. 有些要求出高价也是无法满足的。

8. The “result”can be measured by consumer satisfaction as well as by social, environmental and economic effects of the tourism activity concerned.

8. “结果”可由相关的社会、环境、经济效益以及顾客的满意度共同来评判。

9. Chinese cooking has a long history and is famous all over the world for its rich flavor and delightful colorings.

9. 中国餐饮历史悠久，以其味香色美闻名中外。

10. It was the Chinese who invented the technique of making and using soy sauce, vinegar, wine, jams and spices some 3000 years ago.

10. 中国早在约三千年前的殷周时代就发明了制做与使用酱油、醋、酒、酱和香料的工艺。

11.Those hotels that have facilities and services for handicapped persons are designated by internationally

recognized handicapped symbol.

11. 设有残疾人设施和服务的酒店，所设计的残疾标志是国际公认的。

12. All hotels offer the highest standards of personal services. Should you require any special services, they should be requested at the time the reservation is placed.

12. 所有的酒店都提供最好的个人服务。如果客人有特别服务要求，应该在预订房间时提出。

13. The Qingming Festival is a time to remember the dead, when people traditionally go to visit the tombs of their ancestors.

13.清明节这一天，人们绚怀死者，按传统风俗，人们去祭扫他们祖先的坟墓。

14. Celebrations usually take the form of parties in amusement parks in the daytime and fireworks and grand TV ensembles during the evening.

14．庆祝活动通常是：白天在公园、游乐场集体联欢，晚上放烟花鞭炮，举行大型电视演出节目。

15. Preparations for the New Year begin on the final days of the last lunar month, when most families clean their homes, pay their debts, cut their hair and buy new clothes.

15．新年的庆祝活动，自腊月底（农历年底）开始。每当春节之际，人们都忙于扫尘、还债、理发、置新衣。

16. All hotels offer the highest standards of personal services. Should you require any special services, they should be requested at the time the reservation is placed.

16．所有的酒店都提供最好的个人服务。如果客人有特别服务要求，应该在预订房间时提出。

17. The analysis of each term used in this definition suggests concrete actions which can be evaluated from the perspective of quality criteria.

17. 分析这一定义中的每一项都含有质量标准所规定的具体行为。

18. The hill in Jingshan Park opposite North Gateway offers a panoramic view of the Forbidden City. 18．在北门对面景山公园的山上可看到故宫全景。

19. Financial resources derived from visits to cultural sites, and monuments should, at least in part, are used for the upkeep, safeguard and development of this heritage.

19．来自于文化遗迹的旅游收入至少一部分应该用于对该遗迹的维护和开发。

20. Tourism is the world’s largest industry with no signs of slowing down in the 21st century.

20. 旅游业是当今世界规模最大、持续增长的产业。没有任何征兆显示旅游业会在21世纪发展缓慢。