初中定语从句知识点详解教学内容
初中定语从句知识点详解
定语从句考点：①关系代词的用法
②关系副词的用法
③关系副词=介词+关系代词的用法
●定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫做定语从句。
Eg：He who knows nothing but pretends to know everything is indeed a
good-for-nothing. 不懂装懂，一事无成。
It is the first step that costs. 千里之行，始于足下。
He that makes himself a sheep shall be eaten by the wolf. 甘当小绵羊，迟早要喂狼。
●先行词：被定语从句修饰的成分。先行词可以为一个词、短语甚至整个句子。
●关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系词引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于连词的作用；
关系词必在从句中充当某个句子成分，可为主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语。
一、各个关系代词和关系副词的区别及具体用法：
(一)、1. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如：
The person who broke the window must pay for it. 打碎玻璃的人必须赔偿。
The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever. 穿黑夹克的那个小男孩很聪明。
2. whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可以省略，若前面有介词，则不可省略，也不能用that，例如：
Do you know the young man (whom/who) we met at the gate？
你认识我们在门口碰见的那个人吗？
Mr Lee (whom/who) you want to see has come. 你想要见面的李先生到了。
The man to whom our teacher is speaking is from Canada.
=The man who our teacher is speaking to is from Canada.
我们老师正在谈话的那个男人来自加拿大。
3. whose 指人，也可指物（拟人化的物），意思是“谁的”，在定语从句中作定语。例如：The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today. (The girl’s mother is ill.)
那个女生的母亲生病了，她今天仍然呆在家。
I know the boy whose father is a professor. (The boy’s father is a professor.)
我认识那个男孩，他的父亲是一名教授。
I live in a house whose windows face the south. (The house’s windows face the south.)
我居住在一个窗户朝南的房子里面。
4. which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语，做宾语时可以省略。例如：
A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.
字典就是一本可以给出单词释义的书。
Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday. 这就是昨天老师提到的那本书。
5. that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，做宾语时可以省略。例如：I’ve read the newspaper that(which) carries the important news.
我读了那份刊载着重要消息的报纸。
Who is the boy that/whom I saw this morning? 我早上见到的那个男孩是谁？
6. when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如：
I’ll never for get the time when we worked on the farm.
我永远不会忘记我们一起在农场工作的时候。
He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left. 他在我离开北京的那天到的北京。
7. where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如：
This is the house where we lived last year. 这就是我们去年居住的那个房子。
=This is the house which we lived in last year. =This is the house in which we lived last year. The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.
他父亲工作的那个工厂在这个城市的东边。
=The factory which his father works in is in the east of the city.
=The factory in which his father works is in the east of the city.
8. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语：
I don’t know the reason why he looks sad today. 我不知道他今天看起来难过的原因。Could you please explain the reason why you were late? 你可以解释下迟到的原因吗？
（二）关系代词和冠词副词引导的从句有什么区别？
关键点：1、关系副词在从句中是做状语，只做状语，不能做其他的成分。
2、关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换。
why=for which
where=in/on/at /to···which(介词同先行词搭配）
when=during/on/in/over···which（介词从同先行词搭配）
注意：①介词后面的关系代词不能省略②介词后面不能用that。
eg：The reason why he refused the invitation is clear. 他拒绝邀请的理由显而易见。
=The reason for which he refused the invitation is clear.
Great changes have taken place in the city where I was born.
我出生的地方发生了巨大的变化。
=Great changes have taken place in the city in which I was born.
The time when we got together finally came. 我们团聚的时刻最终到来了。
=The time in/during which we got together finally came.
[注]表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that 引导。
Eg: By the time you arrived in London, we had stayed there for two weeks.
到你来伦敦的时候，我们已经在那里待了两天了。
I liked the sea city the first time I went there. 我第一次来到那个海滨城市就爱上了它。
例题一：
1、He has forgotten the day _______ he arrived.
A. when
B. where
C. that
D. which
解题思路：此题中，从句是he arrived，它已经是一个完整的句子，因此，这里要填一个在从句中充当状语的成分，C选项和D选项都不能做在从句中作状语，因此排除掉，the day 指的是时间，因此，要填上表示时间的关系副词when。
练习题1：
1、The moon is a world ______ there is no life.
A. that
B. which
C. where
D. why
2、Nobody knows the reason ______ she didn’t come to the meeting.
A. that
B. which
C. why
D. when
3. This is the place ________I have ever visited.
A. there
B. when
C. where
D. which
4. He still remembers the days ______ he spent with your family.
A. when
B. where
C. that
D. on which
5. He got to the village _______ his family once lived before liberation.
A. that
B. which
C. when
D. where
6. This is the house _______ I want to buy.
A. in which
B. that
C. whose
D. where
7. This is the house _______ our beloved Premier Zhou once lived and worked.
A. which
B. that
C. when
D. where
8. He didn’t tell me the place _______ he was b orn.
A. that
B. which
C. when
D. where
例题二：用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句
The boy is my younger brother. He was here a minute ago.
解题思路：所谓定语从句，就是把两句话压缩成一句话，而且，这两句话肯定辉提到同一个东西，因此，首先要找两句话都提到了的东西，此题中，两句话都提到了同一个东西——一个人（the boy ,he）这就是共同点，人我们是用who或whom表示，两句话都是做主语，因此，只能用在从句中作主语的who,不能在从句中做宾语的whom，因此，
答案是：The boy who was here a minute ago is my younger brother.
练习题2：
将下列两个句子合并成一个含定于从句的句子。
1.The old man is a professor. He teaches chemistry in a college.
2.The car was going 90 miles an hour. The car just passed us.
3.The woman is here now. You were talking about her.
4. The man waved to us. The man was my uncle.
例题三：用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句
This is the hall. We listened to the report in it the other day.
解题思路：还是找两句话都提到了的那个共同点，是the hall（it）,在第二句话中in it是做定点状语，因此可以用where代替，因此，
答案是：This is the hall where we listened to the report the other day.
=This is the hall in which we listened to the report the other day.
练习题3：
1、Beijing Hotel is near Tian’anmen Square. The foreign visitors live there.
2、I enjoyed reading the book. You gave me a book last week.
3、I prefer the subject. The subject is science.
4、I spoke to the man. The man is a professor.
用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空
1. The house _______ we live in is very big.
2. The boy ______ is wearing the black jacket is very clever.
3. This is the present _____ he gave me for my birthday.
4. The man _______ talked to you just now is an engineer.
5. He talked about the teachers and schools _______ he had visited.
7. She wears a gold ring, _______ is very uncommon in our class.
8. We visited a factory _______ makes toys for children.
9. Is this the place _______ your father once lived?
10. I’ll never forget the days _______ I joined the League.
二、只用that的情况：
1. 只能使用that,不用which 的情况：
(1) 先行词是nothing, anything,everything, all, few, little,some, much, none, the one等不定代词时。
例如：All that he said is true. 他所说的一切都是真的。
(2)先行词被only, no, any, all,little,few,much,the same,the last等词修饰时。
例如：He is the only foreigner that has been to that place.
他是唯一一个去过那个地方的外国人。
(3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。
例如：He was the second (person) that told me the secret. 他是第二个告诉我这个秘密的人。
(4)先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词：
This is the best book (that) I have read this year. 这是我今年读过的最好的一本书。
(5)先行词既包括人又包括物时。
例如：He talked about the people and the things he remembered. 他聊了他记得的人和事。(6) 当先行词前面有who,which等词时：
Who is the man that is sitting there? 坐在那的那个人是谁？
Which is the coat that fits me most? 最适合我的外套是那件？
(7)被修饰词为数词时：
Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water. Now you can see the two that are still alive. 昨天我抓了两条鱼放进了水池，现在你可以看见它俩还活得好好的。
(8)如果有两个从句，其中一个关系代词已用which,另一个关系代词宜用that，以避免语言的单调或重复。
Edison built a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
爱迪生建立一个工厂生产那些从未见过的东西。
(9)主句是there be结构，修饰其主句的定语从句宜用that作关系代词，如：
There is still a seat in the corner that is still free. 角落里还有个座位是空的。
(10)被修饰成分为表语时，或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时，该关系代词宜用that。That’s a good book that will help you a lot. 这是本能给你巨大帮助的好书。
My home village is no longer the place (that) it used to be.
我的家乡再也不是以前的那个乡村了。
练习题：
1. There is nothing in the world _______ can frighten him.
A.which
B.that
C.where
D.who
三、只能用which，不用that 的情况：
(1) 在非限制性定语从中。例如：
The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.
会议推迟了，这正是我们所希望的。
(2) 定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。例如：
The thing about which he is talking is of great importance. 他正谈论的事情非常重要。(3)在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that，另一个宜用which.
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library, which was newly open to us.
我给你看看我从新开放的图书里借来的这本小说。
At the station I bought some magazines that might help me to pass the time on the train and which I could pass on to others when I finished them.
在车站我买了一些可以打发火车上的时间的杂志，读完后我还可以把它们传给其他人看。
(4)当关系代词后面带有插入语时：
Here is the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.
这是英语语法书，正如我告诉你的那样，它可以帮助你提高英语。
(5)先行词本身是that，宜用which.
What’s that which she is looking at? 她正在看什么？
(6)先行词是those+复数名词
A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best. 商店应该储存大量畅销商品。
四、who和that指代人时，有些情况宜用who,而不用that。
（1）先行词为anyone, anybody, those, all, one, ones, they, he, people, the one等时，
Eg:The person I want to learn from is the one who studied hard and works well.
我想要学习的那个人不但学习勤奋，工作也很努力。
Anyone who/whoever failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his reason.
任何缺席昨天会议的人都必须给出理由。
Those who are not fit the work must leave the office at once.
那些不适合这份工作的人必须立刻离开办公室。
(2)There be 结构中，修饰主语的定于从句宜用关系代词who指代人，如：
There is a gentleman who wants to see you. 有位先生想要见你。
(3)先行词有较长的短语时：
I met a foreigner at the park yesterday afternoon who could speak Chinese very well.
昨天下午在公园里面我遇见了一个中文说得很好的外国人。
(4)一个句子中带有两个定语从句，一个用that,另外一个宜用who：
The student that was praised at the yesterday’s meeting is our monitor who is very modest and works very hard. 昨天在大会上被表扬的学生是我们的班长，他既谦虚学习又勤奋。
He is one of the most famous singers who we’ve ever known.(定语从句修饰singers）
他是我们知道的最受欢迎的歌手之一。
He is the one of the most famous singers who we’ve ever known.(定语从句修饰he）
他是最受欢迎的歌手当中我们熟知的一位。
练习题：
1. He lived in a small village, ______ was a long way from the railway station.
A. that
B. which
C. where
D. when
专项练习
一、填空题：用适当的关系词填空：
1. I still remember the night _________ I first came to the house.
2. I'll never forget the day_________ we met each other last week.
3. Mr Black is going to Beijing in October, _________ is the best season there.
4. I will never forget the days _________ I spent with your family.
5. I'll never forget the last day_________ we spent together.
6. This is the school _________ I used to study.
7. Do you still remember the place_________ we visited last week?
8. Do you still remember the place_________ we visited the painting exhibition?
9. Have you ever been to Hangzhou,_________is famous for the West Lake?
10. Have you ever bee to Hangzhou, __________ lies the West Lake?
11. Tom will go to Shanghai,__________ live his two brothers.
12. I live in Beijing,__________ is the capital of China.
13. There was a time __________ there were slaves in the USA.
14. It is the third time __________ you have made the same mistake.
15. This is the very novel about__________we've talked so much.
16. Who is the student ___________was late for school today?
17. Who __________ knows him wants to make friends with him?
18. He lives in the room__________window faces to the south.
19. This is the hour___________ the place is always full of women and children.
20. I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place__________ you may spend your weekend.
二、单选题
1. Don’t talk about such things of __________ you are not sure.
A. which
B. what
C. that
D. those
2. Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day?
A. that
B. where
C. in which
D. the one
3. Is this factory __________ some foreign friends visited last Friday?
A. that
B. where
C. which
D. the one
4. Is this the factory __________ he worked ten years ago?
A. that
B. where
C. which
D. the one
5. The wolves hid themselves in the places __________ couldn’t be found.
A. that
B. where
C. in which
D. in that
6. The freezing point is the temperature __________ water changes into ice.
A. at which
B. on that
C. in which
D. of what
7. This book will show you __________ can be used in other contexts..
A. how you have observed
B. what you have observed
C. that you have observed
D. how that you have observed
8. The reason is __________ he is unable to operate the machine.
A. because
B. why
C. that
D. whether
9. I’ll tell you __________ he told me last week.
A. all which
B. that
C. all that
D. which
10. That tree, __________branches are almost bare, is very old.
A. whose
B. of which
C. in which
D. on which
11. I have bought the same dress __________ she is wearing.
A. as
B. that
C. which
D. what
12. He failed in the examination, __________ made his father very angry.
A. which
B. it
C. that
D. what
13.We’re talking about the piano and the pianist __________ were in the concert we
attended last night.
A. which
B. whom
C. who
D. that
14. The girl __________ an English song in the next room is Tom’s sister.
A. who is singing
B. is singing
C. sang
D. was singing
15. Those __________ not only from books but also through practice will succeed.
A. learn
B. who
C. that learns
D. who learn
16. Anyone __________ this opinion may speak out.
A. that against
B. who against
C. who is against
D. who are against
17. Didn’t you see the man __________?
A. I nodded just now
B. whom I nodded just now
C. I nodded to him just now
D. I nodded to just now
18. Can you lend me the novel __________ the other day?
A. that you talked
B. you talked about it
C. which you talked with
D. you talked about
19. Is there anything __________ to you?
A. that is belonged
B. that belongs
C. that belong
D. which belongs
20. ---- “How do you like the book?”
---- “It’s quite different from __________ I read last month.”
A. that
B. which
C. the one
D. the one what
21.Mr. Zhang gave the textbook to all the pupils except __________ who had
already taken them.
A. the ones
B. ones
C. some
D. the others
22. Antarctic ______ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.
A. which
B. where
C. that
D. about which
23. May the fourth is the day __________ we Chinese people will never forget.
A. which
B. when
C. on which
D. about which
24. The hotel __________ during our holidays stands by the seaside.
A. we stayed at
B. where we stayed at
C. which we stayed
D. in that we stayed
25. It is the Suez Canal __________ separates Asia __________ Africa.
A. which, to
B. where, from
C. that, from
D. that, with
26. He is a man of great experience, __________ much can be learned.
A. who
B. that
C. from which
D. from whom
27. The two things ______ they felt very proud are Jim’s gold watch and Della’s hair.
A. about which
B. of which
C. that
D. which
28. The dinner was the most expensive meal we __________.
A. would have
B. have had
C. had never had
D. had ever had
29. Do you know which hotel __________?
A. she is staying
B. she is staying in
C. is she staying
D. is she staying in
30. There is only one thing __________ I can do.
A. what
B. that C . all D. which
31. Who can think of a situation __________ this idiom can be used?
A. which
B. that
C. where
D. in that
32. They were interested __________ you told them.
A. in which
B. in that
C. all that
D. in everything
33. The great day we looked forward to __________ at last.
A. come
B. came
C. coming
D. comes
34. I like the second football match __________ was held last week.
A. which
B. who
C. that
D. /