计算机导论考试简答题(Introduction to computer test)

计算机导论考试简答题（Introduction to computer test）

9 、 what components do you need to assemble a personal computer? Please give a list of the components for assembling the computer.

Answer: motherboards, graphics cards, network cards, memory, hard disk, chassis, power, keyboard, mouse, CD-ROM, monitor, CPU. Graphics card and network card are integrated on the motherboard, you can also buy independent, as well as audio equipment.

10. For structured programming languages, there are three basic program structures. What are the three basic program structures, please give an example.

Answer: sequential structure, choice structure, cyclic structure;

1., sequential structure: from top to bottom in order to perform.

2. selection structure: statements with if

The 3. loop structure: statements with for and while

11. The file is a collection of related data stored in memory on the computer. What is the file naming rule? How does the operating system organize files? What are the advantages of this organizational approach?

Answer: the file name of a file consists of two parts: the main

file name and the extension. When extensions are used, numbers are separated.

Files in the same folder are not allowed to have the same file name,

Organization: organize documents at different levels

Advantages: it will greatly improve the efficiency of document management, especially the efficiency of file search.

12, for the computer system? Neumann system, let the computer to complete a task, which can be divided into several steps?

Answer: input - "storage -" control - "operation -" output,

15, what are the main technical measures to ensure the security of computer systems?

Answer: three aspects of technical safety, management safety, legal security.

Anti virus technology, anti hacker technology, firewall technology, intrusion detection technology, data encryption technology, security authentication technology

16, a brief description of the development process of computers.

Answer: ENIAC just a few decades after birth, the development of computers by leaps and bounds. The main electronic devices

have been using vacuum tubes, transistors, medium and small scale integrated circuits and large scale and very large scale integrated circuits, which have led to several upgrading of computers.

The first generation (1946~1957) is a computer, it is the basic electronic components electronic tube, memory using mercury delay line memory mainly uses a drum, tape, tape cards, etc.

The second generation (1958~1970) was a transistor computer.

A large number of magnetic memory cores made of magnetic materials are used in memory

The third generation (1963~1970) is an integrated circuit computer (small scale) basic electronic components third generation computer circuits are small scale integrated circuit and medium scale integrated circuits, the further development of core memory, and start with the better performance of semiconductor memory

The fourth generation (1971 ~ day ago) is a large scale integrated circuit computer

Highly integrated semiconductor memory replaces magnetic core memory.

18, from the user's point of view, what components should be included in the hardware system of a personal computer?

Answer: monitor, host, key mouse, the host is inside by CPU, motherboard, power, memory, graphics card (see the user

situation, available integration, but also can be used alone), CD-ROM, chassis, hard disk 8 parts. It's basic, and audio equipment... And so on

19, Internet is what kind of network, it can provide what aspects of functional services? What can you get out of it?

Answer: it is a global network of computers that communicate with each other using public language.

Features: (1) email E_mail (2) remote login Telnet (3) file transfer FTP; (4) WWW services, some of which are free of charge, and some services are charged.

21, a brief description of the basic components of the computer, the main function of each component, as well as the relationship between the components.

Answer: motherboard: the main body of a PC, the motherboard to complete the management and coordination of computer systems, support various CPU, functional cards and the normal operation of the bus interface

CPU: that is the central processing unit, the core of the whole system, and the highest unit of execution in the whole system. It is responsible for the execution of the whole system instruction, the operation of mathematics and logic, the storage and transmission of data, and the control of internal and external input and output.

Chip set: in fact, an integrated circuit chip, it is the

internal components, functions and more chips of the foot assembly

Memory: it is one of the important components on the motherboard. It is the part of data and program that stores the data between CPU and peripheral device.

CD-ROM: computer used to read and write CD content of the machine,

Disk: our computer is currently the most commonly used essential storage tools (including floppy disk and hard disk)

Keyboard: one of the necessary tools for providing instructions and information to a computer. It is an important input device of the computer system and connected to the main box by a cable. The keyboard has 101 keys and 104 keys.

The mouse is an important input device of contemporary computer indispensable, with the mouse (Mouse) as an input device, can greatly facilitate the operation of the software, especially in a graphical environment (such as Windows, OS/2 and other operating system use).

Monitor: also called monitor (Monitor). Display is one of the most important output devices of computer, and also the main channel for people to communicate with computers.

23. Describe the characteristics and operation modes of the linear list, stack and queue

Answer: a linear table is a sequence of finite elements of the same type.

As a restrictive linear table, the stack limits the insertion and deletion of the linear table to only one end of the table. It is characterized by the elements of the incoming queue.

The basic operation of the stack, in addition to the stack (stack top insert), out of the stack (delete top of the stack), as well as the establishment of the stack (stack initialization), empty, full, and access to the top elements of the stack and other operations,

A queue is a restricted linear table with elements added at one end of the table, and the deletion of elements at the other end of the table. The feature is that the incoming queue element first goes out of the queue.

25, how are computer software classified? What is the main component of a computer software system?

Answer: software is divided into two kinds, one is system software, such as operating system or some programming software, and the other is application software, such as OFFICE, game and so on

Composition: computer software consists of programs and related documents. A program is a symbolic representation of an instruction sequence, and a document is the technical data created during the software development process. A program is the body of a software that is usually stored in storage media

such as floppy disks, hard disks, and optical disks for use on a computer. The document is especially important for the use and maintenance of software, as a software product released document is mainly manual, which contains the software features, operating environment requirements, installation methods, operating instructions and error information etc.. The operating environment of a software requirement is running it should have at least hardware and other software configuration, that is to say, in the hierarchical structure of the computer system, it is the software of the lower layer (inner layer) at least configuration (including equipment and software version requirements indicators of hardware requirements, etc.). Computer software can be divided into system software and application software by application.

System software can be divided into 3 categories: operating system software (software core), various language processing programs and various database management systems.

Programs written to solve various computer problems are called application software. It can be divided into application packages and user programs

Composition view 2: software systems refer to a computer software system consisting of system software, support software, and application software. It is a collection of all the software in the computer. It includes operating system, language processing system, database system, distributed software system and human-computer interaction system.

Operating system, as the underlying software, is essential. It

provides access, management and control for all kinds of hardware and software. For example, now popular desktop operating systems, Windows series, and so on.

Support software, also known as software development environment, and all other applications are developed in the operating system through support software, such as VB, C++ and so on.

Of course, sometimes support software also includes some basic tools, such as network connection programs, hardware drivers, and so on.

Application software, as described earlier, is developed for other specific applications, such as music, video playback software, browser software, picture editing software, and so forth.

26, according to the main electronic logic components used by the computer, the computer has gone through several stages of development, what are the representatives of each stage?

Answer: ENIAC just a few decades after birth, the development of computers by leaps and bounds. The main electronic devices have been using vacuum tubes, transistors, medium and small scale integrated circuits and large scale and very large scale integrated circuits, which have led to several upgrading of computers.

The first generation (1946~1957) is a computer, it is the basic electronic components electronic tube, memory using mercury

delay line memory mainly uses a drum, tape, tape cards, etc..

Representative: universal automatic computer No. 1, IBM701

The second generation (1958~1970) was a transistor computer.

A large number of magnetic memory cores made of magnetic materials are used in memory. Representatives: UNIVAC-II, IBM7030.

The third generation (1963~1970) is an integrated circuit computer (small scale) basic electronic components third generation computer circuits are small scale integrated circuit and medium scale integrated circuits, the further development of core memory, and semiconductor memory, a better performance on behalf of: PDP-1,'PDP-5.

The fourth generation (1971 ~ day ago) is a large scale integrated circuit computer

Highly integrated semiconductor memory replaces magnetic core memory. Stands for: IBM-3031, Road, runner

27. Briefly describe the characteristics and application fields of computers.

Features: fast operation, high calculation accuracy, memory ability, logical judgment, automatic operation under program control.

Applications: scientific computing, information processing and management, process control, computer aided systems,

artificial intelligence, and network applications.

Exposition:

1, what are the data storage modes in the computer? What are the main functions of a database? What are the main database management systems? Answer: there are two types of data, numerical and non numerical, which must be represented in binary form in the computer. A string of binary numbers can represent quantity values, as well as a character, Chinese character, or other. A string of binary numbers represent different data and different meanings. How are these data organized and stored in a computer's storage device?

The data unit bit (bit) bit (bit), the word "bit", is the smallest unit of computer storage, consisting of numbers 0 or 1.

Byte (Byte)

Database function: a database is a set of organized, shareable data sets that are stored in a computer for a long time. The data in the database is organized, described and stored according to a certain data model. It has lower data redundancy and higher data independence, and can be shared for several users. (1) data definition function (2) data access function (3) database operation management function (4) database establishment and maintenance function. (5) database transmission.

Commonly used database management systems are: ACCESS, SQL,

Server, Oracle, MySQL, FoxPro and Sybase, etc.

2, what is the performance of high quality programs? How can we write high-quality programs?

Answer: perfect, that is zero defect. Correctness, robustness. Reliability, ease of use, security, compatibility, performance, clarity, scalability, portability. High quality procedures are not repaired by mistake, but should be completed step by step and cost down.

4, what is the computer network, which can be classified according to which methods can be divided into which categories? The main contents of the course of computer network are expounded.

Answer: computer network refers to the distribution in different functions in multiple computers and external devices in different geographic locations, connected by communication equipment and traffic lines in the network operating system, network management system, management and coordination of network communication protocol, the computer system resource sharing and information transmission.

1: by coverage (personal area network, LAN, metropolitan area network, Wan, Internet)

2: by transmission technology (broadcast network, point to point network)

3: press transmission medium (wired network, wireless network)

Course: overview of computer networks, computing grades, network architectures, Internet technologies

6 、 what positions can I take after graduation in computer science and technology? What knowledge and ability do I need for these positions?

Soft, hard, net and graph (Marketing type)

7. What knowledge should be involved in developing a software system and what courses will be learnt in these courses?

Software, compiled language systems, and answers: programming knowledge and software development knowledge. The former includes programming language design, C language programming, data structure, compiling principle, and the latter has database principle and application and software engineering.

8. What are the primary functions of a computer operating system? What core functions does an operating system software contain and describe the specific content of these functions?

The primary role of the operating system is to organize the workflow of the computer, manage the central processing unit, memory, data and peripherals, check procedures and computer failures, and deal with interrupts

The core functions of the operating system are processor management function, memory management function, device management function, file management function, network and

communication management function.

10. What courses do you want to become a software developer?,

What knowledge should be mastered and what abilities to develop?

Answer: programming knowledge and software development knowledge. The former includes programming language design, C language programming, data structure, compiling principle, and the latter has database principle and application and software engineering.

Ability: self-control, self study, innovation, expression, organization.

Quality: morality, psychology, culture, profession, body.

11, what are the main computer applications now? What are the knowledge and techniques used in the computer?

Answer: scientific computing, information processing, process control, computer aided systems, artificial intelligence, network applications.

12, what are the knowledge systems of computer science and technology specialty, what professional abilities and qualities should be trained? What can we do after graduation?

Answer: soft, hard, net, graph (Marketing)

Ability: self-control, self study, innovation, expression, organization.

Quality: morality, psychology, culture, profession, body.

13, software development may be divided into those phases, what does each phase mainly do?

Answer: 1: system analysis: system preliminary investigation, feasibility analysis, detailed investigation of the system. A new system logic scheme is proposed.

2, system design, overall structure design, detailed design (algorithm, coding, database, user interface)

3 "system implementation, program design, system design (module, integration, acceptance), system transformation.

4. operation and maintenance of the system. (applications, data, coding hardware devices)

14, what are the functions of programming language, data structure and computer algorithm in improving the ability to write programs and train programming thinking? How do you become a senior programmer? Learn English well

Cultivate interest. Learn C++ well and learn a foreign language well.

15, what are the core courses in computer science and technology? Please outline the main content of each course.

Basic knowledge of computer, operation system and network knowledge, programming knowledge, software development knowledge and computer system safety knowledge.

16 、 what technologies and knowledge do we need to develop an information management software system? What courses do you need to learn to develop your own software development capabilities?

Simple question 17: database system consists of database, database management system, application program and data administrator.