学位英语句子翻译考点

学位英语句子翻译考点
学位英语句子翻译考点

虚拟语气

虚拟语气表示和事实相反的假设。虚拟条件句中,主句与从句中谓语动词的形式可分为下面三类:

条件从句主句

与现在事实相反的假定一般过去时would/could /should/might + 动词

原形

与过去事实相反的假定过去完成时would/could/should/might + 动词

的现在完成时

推测未来不可能实现或实现可能性很小的假定should + 动词原形

were to + 动词原形

would/could /should/might + 动词

原形

◆如果我是你的话,我会拒绝他的邀请。

If I were you, I should refuse his invitation.

◆如果我没有采纳你的建议,我会犯一个愚蠢的错误。

If I hadn’t taken your advice, I would have made a bad mistake.

在汉译英中有关虚拟语气的问题,我们还应当注意译下几点:

1)一些能引起虚拟语气的某些介词、介词短语和连词的用法,如:lest,in case 等。in case、lest后面的句子使用虚拟语气,意思为“以防,以免”,虚拟语气的形式为should+动词原形,should不可以省略,但可以不用虚拟语气而改用陈述语气。

◆外教说话很慢以防我们误解他。

The foreign teacher spoke slowly in case we should misunderstand him.

2)一部分表示建议、主张、命令、紧要等概念的词语,由于本身隐含说话人的主观愿望,其后的主语从句、宾语或同位语从句往往采用“(should)+动词原形”的虚拟形式,如:suggest, propose, command, order, request, require等。

◆医生建议她在回去上班之前应当充分休息。

The doctor advised her that she get enough rest before going back to work.

◆我昨天的建议是应当举行一次会议来讨论这件事情。

My suggestion yesterday was that a meeting be held to discuss the matter.

3)一些形容词后面的主语从句中往往采用“(should)+动词原形”,这些形容词包括important,essential,necessary,urgent,vital等

◆大学里面学好英语很有必要。

It is necessary that we should have a good command of English at college.

4)在would rather,It is time that等句型中,后面的句子谓语动词使用一般过去时。

时态

时态(Tense)是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此,当我们说时态结构的时候,指的是相应时态下的动词形式。英语中一共有16个时态,最常用的5个时态是一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时、一般将来时和现在完成时。考查重点是与完成时态有关的各种时态。下面对重点时态加以讲解。

1)现在完成时态

现在完成时态有两种用法:表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果,常和already, yet等状语连用。表示从过去某时刻开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,常同表示一段时间的状语连用,如this week/month/year, in the past few

/weeks/months/years, during the past few /weeks/months/years, these days, so far, up to now。时间状语也可以是since加一个过去的时间点,或for加一段时间,或by加一个现在时间。

◆我姐姐结婚五年了。My sister has been married for 5 years.

需要注意的是在“this is the first/ second/ third…time that…”句型里要求用完成时。

◆这是我公司产品第二次参加国际展览会。

This is the second time that the products of our company have been shown in the International Exhibition.

2)过去完成时

过去完成时也有两种用法:表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经发生的动作或已经存在的状态;表示从过去某一时间开始,一直持续到另一个过去的时间的动作,常和for或since构成的时间状语连用。

◆我上周去拜访史密斯女士,被告知两天前她已经离开了。

When I went to visit Mrs. Smith last week, I was told she had left two days before.

3)将来完成时

将来完成时表示表示将来某一时刻或另一个将来的动作之前,已经完成的动作,时间状语一般用by+将来的时间,以及由by the time…,before或when等引导的状语从句。

◆这个工厂水泥的产量到这个月末会增加百分之十。

The output of cement in the factory will have risen by about 10% by the end of this month.

倒装结构

英语中的倒装结构分为全部倒装和部分倒装。全部倒装即把整个谓语放到主语之前(是整个谓语动词,而非助动词)。

◆老师进来后开始上课。In came the teacher and the class began.

部分倒装即只把谓语的一部分(如助动词、情态动词等)放到主语前,或把句子的强调成分提前。

◆我们没有预料到他完成工作这么快。

Little did we expect that he would fulfill his task so rapidly.

在倒装结构的考查上,主要注意以下几点:

1)下列否定词及含有否定意义的词组若置于句首,句子的主谓要部分倒装:never, no, neither, not only, hardly, scarcely, little, seldom, rarely, not until, nowhere, at no time, in no sense, by no means, under no circumstance。

◆直到昨天他才改变了主意。

Not until yesterday did little John change his mind.

2)以only修饰状语(副词,介词短语,状语从句)开头的句子,句子的主谓要部分倒装:only then, only at that time, only once, only in this way, only with, only through, only by, only when, only after, only because。

◆只有当你获得了足够的资料,你才能得出令人信服的结论。

Only when you have obtained sufficient data can you come to a convincing conclusion.

3)neither和nor“也不”,表示对前一句否定句的赞同,所在句子使用部分倒装。

◆我还没有读完那本法语书,他也没有。

I didn’t finish reading that French book, neither did he.

状语从句

引导状语从句的连词在完型填空中已做了详细解析,大家可以参考。这里主要讲状语从句在翻译题中的考试重点和难点。

带状语从句的句子类型很多,其中比较状语从句是翻译的难点。比较状语从句包括平级比较、不等级比较和最高级比较。常见的同级比较状语从句结构为

as…as…或not so …as…。很多比较级的句子省略了内容重复的主语和谓语。较为典型的比较级结构有:

与其…不如…more…than…

与…一样不…no more than…

不超过,不多于not more than…

不如…那样…not more…than…

◆与其说她是好妻子,不如说她是好母亲。

She is more mother than (she is) wife.

◆他的钱不比你的多。 He has no more money than you do.

定语从句

这里主要讲解如何从分析汉语句子的角度正确使用定语从句,从而写出正确的句子。

1)融合法

如果汉语的两个句子具有相同的关键词,这是我们可以使用定语从句来翻译其中的一个句子。

◆昨天他买了一本英语书,这本英语书对于提高它的口语很有帮助。

Yesterday he bought an English book which is useful in improving his spoken English.

2)there be结构法

有些汉语句子可以使用there be结构翻译,汉语中的谓语部分在英语中要变成从句的形式。

◆现在很多大学生因为贫困而辍学。

There are many college students who dropped out of school because of poverty. 3)带介词的定语从句

当“动词+介词”的短语结构出现在定语从句中,介词常和从句的引导词一起引导定语从句,此时的引导词只能使用which和whom。

◆我刚才和她谈话的那个姑娘是我表妹。

The girl to whom I just spoke is my cousin.

被动语态

汉语无主句较多,而英语句子一般都要有主语,所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候,除了可用英语无主句、“There be…”结构或者根据情景补出语境来翻译之外,运用被动语态来翻译也是常用技巧。

被动语态是一个独立的语态,而不是由主动语态转变而来的从属性语态。主动句与被动句的转换是受到词汇和结构等因素的限制的。汉译英时不能拘泥于原结构,要摆脱原句状态的局限,采用灵活多样的翻译技巧。但是,我们一定要在语态选择中注意以下这两点。

1)下列动词的主动语态表示被动意义,而且常与well,quite,easily,badly等副词连用。它们是:wash(洗),sell(卖),read(读),wear(穿),blame (责备),ride(乘坐),write(写)等。

◆玻璃容易被碰碎。Glass breaks easily.

◆这车走起来很稳。The car rides smoothly.

◆这本书很畅销。The book sells well.

◆他应该受到责备。He is to blame.

2)如果汉语中遇到主语是“大家”,“人们”,“有人”时,译成英语时句子应当使用被动语态。类似的用法有:

据说It is said that…

据报道It is reported that…

据推测It is estimated that…

有人认为It is believed that…

人们猜想It is supposed that…

众所周知It is well known that…

必须承认It must be admitted that…

应当指出It should be pointed out that…

强调句型

强调句型的基本结构是“It is/was... that/who...”,我们需要明确的是,强调的部分可以是句子中除了谓语以外的任何成分,要特别注意强调句型与“not until”的连用。

例如:________________________(直到失去健康)that people know the value of health.

【答案】It is not until they lose it

初中英语句子翻译精选专练

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初三英语翻译练习进步知识学习

初三英语翻译练习 一、汉译英 1、使我们惊讶的是,他什么也没说就走了。 ,he left without saying anything. 2、作为学生,我们很有必要更专心于学习。 As students, for us our study. 3、以前你做作业总是用很长时间吗? a long time ? 4、她似乎对电脑更感兴趣。 She in computers. 5、我打算休五天假。 I’m going to. 6、台湾(Tibet)属于中国。 Tibet ________________________________ China. 7、他们对时间非常放松。 They are pretty time. 8、她的爷爷习惯于早起。 His grandfather early. 9、他所说的话使我很悲伤。 _______________________________________________________. 10、Jess really felt very happy. When he arrived at his seat in the classroom that morning, he found an invitation on his desk. (1)It was from several of his classmates asking him to join them on a camping trip. This was the first time he was asked to join in an out-of-school activity. Why were they asking him now? Nobody seemed to like him. (2)In fact, he had been so lonely that he drowned his feeling with food. As a result, he had put on a lot of weight, and this gave the kids something more to make fun of him. 二、汉译英 1、我想和他交朋友。 I want to 2、人类和动物应该和睦相处。 Humans should animals. 3、由于大雨,他们停止了打篮球。 the heavy rain,they basketball.

英语九年级上1-6单元重点句子及翻译

Unit 1 1.How do you study for a test? 你是怎么备考的? 2.I study by asking teachers for help. 我通过向老师请教 3.Do you ever practice conversations with friends? 你曾和朋友们一起练习对话吗? 4.What about listening to tapes? 听录音磁带怎么样? 5.What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation? 打算朗读练习发音怎么样? 6.It’s too hard to understand the voices. 那些话太难了听不懂 7.This week we asked students at New Star High School about the best ways to learn more English. 这周,我们就学习更多英语的最佳方法询问了新星中学的一些学生 8.Some students had more specific suggestions. 有的学生有更具体的建议 9.Wei Ming feels differently. 魏明感受不同 10.He also thinks that watching English movies isn’t a bad way because he can watch the actor say the words. 他还认为看英语电影是个不错的方法,因为他可以看到演员说话 11.However, he finds watching movies frustrating because the people speak too quickly. 但是,他发现看电影很令人沮丧,因为那些人说话太快 12.We get excited about something and then end up speaking in Chinese. 我们会因某事变得兴 奋起来,然后以说中文结束。 13.I can’t pronounce some of the words. 有些单词我不会发音 14.I don’t have a partner to practice English with. 我没有一起练习英语的伙伴 15.Why don’t you join an English language club to practice speaking English? 为什么不加入一 个英语俱乐部练习说英语呢? 16.First of all, it wasn’t easy for me to understand the teacher when she talked. 首先,当老师讲 课的时候,我很难听得懂。 https://www.360docs.net/doc/c816555245.html,ter on, I realized that it doesn’t matter if you don’t understand every word. 后来,我意识 到,听不懂每个单词也没有关系。 18.I was also afraid to speak in class, because I thought my classmates might laugh at me. 我也 害怕在课堂上发言,因为我想同学们可能会笑话我 19.I couldn’t always make complete sentences, either. 我也不是总能造出完整的句子。 20.She had trouble making complete sentences. 她造完整的句子有困难 21.If you don’t know how to spell new words, look them up in the dictionary. 如果你不知道如 何拼写新单词,查字典 22.How do we deal with problems? 我们怎么处理我们的问题 23.Worrying about our problems can affect how we do at school.担心问题可能会影响我们在学 校的表现 24.Most of us have probably been angry with our friends, parents, or teachers. 我们大多数人可 能都同我们的朋友、父母或老师生过气。 25.Time goes by, and good friendships may be lost. 随着时间的消逝,可能会失去珍贵的友谊 26.Sometimes they have disagreements and decide not to talk to each other. 有时他们产生争 执,并且决定不再互相说话 27.Many students often complain about school. 许多学生经常抱怨学校 28.As young adults, it is our duty to try our best to deal with each challenge in our education with the help of our teachers. 作为青年人,我们的责任是尽力在老师的帮助下去应付我们教育中的每一个挑战 29.Think about Stephen Hawking, who regards his many physical problems as unimportant. 想

初三英语句子翻译练习

1. 你不应该感到沮丧You shouldn’t _____________. 2. 你得定期复习你的功课You ______________________. 3. 你应该使用彩色的笔加亮重要的部分 You should ___________________highlight the important parts . 4. 这将在两个方面帮助你This will help you _____________________. 5. 它将帮助你把注意力集中在最重要的部分 It will ______you ________________ the most important parts. 6. 这将使复习更容易This will ______ reviewing ________. 7. 你不必复习所有的材料 You __________________ all the material. 8. 如果你在睡觉之前考虑这些信息,你也许能够记得更好 If you __________the information before you _____________, you might ____________remember it better. 9. 另外一个记忆信息的好时间是在早晨 __________________information is in the morning. 10. __________people go traveling on holidays. 许多人假日外出旅游 11. _______ tell your father the thing. 记得告诉你爸爸这件事 12. You ________________ in the morning. 早上你得早起134. They 13. ____________________ their lessons before the exam. 考试前他们必须要复习功课 14. You _________________ you can remember the words easily. 你会发现你能够很容易的记住单词 15._______________________ the key points. 记住关键点是很容易的 16.You _______________ remember the words better. 你将能够更好的记住单词 17.You should __________________ in the morning. 你应该尽量在早晨读英语 18.I always ___________________________ new words. 我总是记单词有困难。 19.说实话,这没有一个正确的答案___________, ____________one correct answer. 20.他们将学得更好,如果他们有机会使用他们的手 They will learn better, if they ____________________their hands. 21.图片或者照片能够帮助他们记住新单词 22.Pictures or __________________________new words. 23.对于他们来说记住知识很难,除非他们听到有人谈论这个知识 24.______________________memorize the knowledge________ they ___________someone _____________ it. 25.她更喜欢单独学习She ________________________. 26.他们将会觉得不舒服,除非他们在一个安静的房间里学习 27.They _________________unless they study __________. 28.我喜欢和他人交流I like to _____________. 29.一旦他们有机会和别人讨论这个内容,他们会理解得更好 30._____they have a chance to _______the subject ______other people, they __________. 31.他们使用不同的方式学习They _______________. 32.我每天早晨练习说英语I _____________every morning. 33.老师告诉我们上学不要迟到The teacher ________________school. 34.不要担心犯错误Don’t ________________. 35.请把这个故事翻译成英文Please _______the story ______ English. 36.我们太累了,让我们停下来休息吧We are so tired, ________________. 37.老师来了,不要说话了The teacher is coming, _________. 38.我的爸爸妈妈都是医生______________________doctors. 39.这本书使人们感觉更好The book can ______people __________. 40.如果你努力学习,就能通过考试_______________if you study hard. 41.你对自己有信心吗?Do you ____________________.

初中英语句子翻译大全教学内容

初中英语句子翻译大 全

老板要我查出明天飞机起飞的时间。 The boss wants me to find out the plane took off time tomorrow. 首先,我们需要买些食物。 First, we need to buy some food. 所有人都确切的说是。 Everyone be exact. 这件事永远改变了我的生活。 It changed my life forever. 例如,机器人可以为人类作为危险的工作。 For example, the robot can work as a dangerous for humans.

从现在开始你就是我的搭档了。From now on you are my partner. 那个聪明的小孩会从1数到100. The clever child can count from 1 to 100. 人与自然和平相处时必须的。 Man and nature live in peace when necessary. 厨师们正在为晚餐做准备。 The chefs are preparing for dinner. 你能告诉我什么地方下车吗? Can you tell me where to get off? 快点,坐上那辆公交车。 Come on, sit on the bus. 那个电话没有接通。

The phone is switched on. 我们要多花时间和家人聚在一起。We should spend more time together with my family. 你能告诉我如何到达那家旅馆?Can you tell me how to get to the hotel? 每天早晨,许多人清早起床锻炼身体。 Every morning, many people get up early in the morning exercise. 明天记得把我的笔记本归还给我。Remember to return my laptop tomorrow to me. 当你帮助别人的时候,你一定会很快乐。

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4. 好好休息,你会好些的。 _______________________________________________________________ _________ 5. 整个世界都呈现在我们面前。 _______________________________________________________________ _________ 6. 在我们学校图书馆里有好几千本书。 __________________________________________________________ 7. 扬州园林(Yangzhou Gardens)不仅在中国出名,而且在全世界也很有名。 __________________________________________________________ 8. 谁将应邀主持下周的演出? __________________________________________________________ 9. 在这个公园里,除非你有地图,否则很容易迷路。 __________________________________________________________ 10. 对他们来说,像以前那样经常见到这样的美景不容易了。 __________________________________________________________ 初三英语句子翻译参考答案 1. Please call me as soon as you arrive there. 2. She decided to tell nobody the exciting and amazing news.

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