unit 3 Recycling 翻译

unit 3 Recycling 翻译
unit 3 Recycling 翻译

Unit 3 垃圾回收

垃圾回收是20世纪后期最成功的环境保护事例之一。如今,道路垃圾回收计划已经触及美国大多数人。事实上,回收家具垃圾的人比参加竞选投票的人更多。全国范围内,普通群众们的努力带来了大量的物质材料。垃圾回收,包括混合堆肥,在1996年改变了5700吨原来要进入废物填充地或焚烧炉的材料的命运,这一数据在1990年为3400万吨——仅仅6年增长了67%。由垃圾回收和混合堆肥带来的材料处理的转换率,预计到2005年为8500万吨,即所有固体废物的35%。

地推成一列,形成从地球到月亮的桥梁。在1996年,这些箱子可以达到这座桥的3/4。当我们达到2005年35%的回收目标时,填满可回收物的箱子就能达到月球了。垃圾回收值得这所有的努力吗?创造利润是唯一的底线吗?一些观察员提出,眼下的利润是衡量成功的唯一标准。这种观点只考虑一个单独的回收计划如何影响一个社区的全部垃圾管理费用,与之相比的是另一种选择,即将一切都送往废物填充地或焚烧炉造成的费用。其他一些观察员建议使用更开阔的视角看待垃圾回收利用的费用和益处。虽然大部分成功的垃圾回收计划经验不一,但是,包括很多具有高垃圾转化率的计划在内,都是经济上可行并确实创造了利润。回收物品的市场不可避免地起伏不定。为了一定程度上防止垃圾回收计划受到市场严重摇摆不定的影响,垃圾回收计划的效率必须不断提高。在接下来的十年里,参与垃圾回收的社区的目标之一是,鉴定并复制传播决定成功的因素。举国上下都在努力学习和采用最高效的垃圾回收计划所运用的办法,那么发现垃圾回收已经取得的很多经济和环境的好处就尤为重要。很多好处可能在不细致的观察员看来不明显,或者因为市政的会计结算和税收特点难以理解,或者在城市和垃圾回收人员的合同的市场价格上没能反映出来。比如,回收利用饮料容器节省的全部能源就没有包括在道路垃圾回收合同协商的价格中回收利用固体垃圾的好处同样适用于包括由自治地区管理的,如工业废弃物、建筑废墟、拆毁废墟和农业废弃物之类以及其他一系列垃圾的回收利用。从这些原料中回收的材料还可以增强这个星球和子孙后代的可持续性。回收固体垃圾的好处至少可以分为8类。回收利用可以:* 减少对肥料填充地的需求;* 防止多种空气污染和睡污染的排出;* 节约能源;* 为工业生产提供有价值的原材料;* 创造就业机会;* 减少温室气体的排放;* 促进更加环保的技术的发明;* 为子孙后代的未来保留资源。20世纪70、80和90年代,垃圾回收业一直是一个增长的工业。垃圾回收并不是一股热潮。到1996年,7000多个道路垃圾采集项目服务了大约一半的美国人。那一年,包括混合堆肥在内的垃圾回收转移了27%——超过1/4——全国固体垃圾的去向。但是垃圾回收利用并不新鲜,从有记录的历史起它就存在着。在大规模生产之前,各家各户就惯常修理、重新使用和回收利用它们所拥有的材料,这是经济上的需要。至于现在,命脉工业依赖于回收利用,比如,直到19世纪后期,碎布是造纸业所需纤维的主要来源。零售商收集压扁的铁箱,回收利用制成装运容器。废料厂一直高效地回收利用旧的汽车、汽车零件和

其他的金属物品。一战和二战给垃圾回收利用事业带来了短暂的热潮,因为废料收集车收集纸张、

回收利用水平和参与率在整体上降到了低谷。传统的垃圾回收利用方式也因为美国20世纪大部分时期的经济暴涨而在衰颓。收入增加,大规模生产的物品让大家消费得起,人们的物质生活日益富足。这样的富足带来了一个愈演愈烈的趋势——产品在最初使用之后被丢弃或者换掉,而不是重新使用或者回收利用。始于20世纪70年代早期的环保激进主义和环保意识的热潮带来了一阵对垃圾回收利用的兴趣。紧接着1970年第一个世界地球日,多大3000个垃圾回收利用志愿中心开幕。20世纪70年代早期开展了超过100个道路垃圾采集计划,其中很多都将重心放在如报纸和瓶罐等一系列材料的回收上。人们对垃圾回收利用和志愿者计划的兴趣日趋浓厚。美国环境保护局和一些州立环境保护局制定了指导原则,提供技术援助,并对地区设定了努力目标。尽管20世纪70年代垃圾的产生增长了25%,但是垃圾的回收利用增长了45%。20世纪80年代废料填充地开始出现不足,尤其是在人口密集的地区,这导致了垃圾被长途运输,频繁地跨越州际线。垃圾管理公司开始提出回收利用计划,这又常常与新建焚烧炉和废料填充地的提议挂钩。社区组织也常常呼吁投入更大的努力,希望能限制或者避免新建垃圾处理设施。州政府和地区政府在策划垃圾管理的工作中也越来越积极,包括扩展回收利用和混合堆肥。在肥料填充地短缺、抵制跨州垃圾、全国对垃圾管理关注度上升的共同作用下,美国环保局发表了一份国家政策指引

路垃圾采集计划,废弃物回收站、废弃物加工厂等也在努力。尽管20世纪80年代垃圾的产生又一次快速增长,增加了近36%,但是垃圾回收利用和混合堆肥在那10年间,一并猛增了近132%,占垃圾产生总量的16%。对可回收物品的采集提高了,创造出的复原材料一开始就比美国生产型公司现成可用的的材料还多。到了20世纪90年代,工业上就投资了百万计美元在处理和制造技术上,这些技术专门用于利用复原材料来生产类型广泛的产品,而不是利用未使用过的生材。消费者也有利于深刻地意识到,购买他们自己为回收利用而手机的材料制成的产品,他们在垃圾回收利用中扮演着重要的角色。各级政府部门也发挥作用,通过增加对含回收物产品的政府采购,确保回收利用的生命力。从1990年到1997年,垃圾回收利用保持着两位数的增长,达到了估计垃圾产生总量27%的回收利用率——相比1990年,增长了近67%,超过了25%的国际政策目标。

是其中一个在20世纪70年代由志愿者建立起废弃物回收站的社区。几年之后,一个名为Recycle Ann Arbor的志愿者组织开始了道路垃圾回收计划。如今,Ann Arbor市政府向市民按周收集23类可回收物,按季收集4类院落残垣废料。这些努力,加上家喻户晓的家庭混合堆肥、废弃物回收处理和密歇根的容器处理议案的影响,让Ann Arbor转换了52%的垃圾。Recycle Ann Arbor为提供垃圾回收利用服务的城市合约竞价,一贯地胜出。这种大量级的垃圾转换有助于降低费用。

比如在1996年,Ann Arbor每吨垃圾回收利用和混合堆肥耗费71美元,较之每吨垃圾收集和处理费用却是86美元。像Ann Arbor之类高垃圾转换率、低成本的社区,为在全国上下改进地区垃圾回收利用计划的经济可行性的努力提供了榜样。

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综英3课后翻译答案说课讲解

综英3课后翻译答案

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高英答案翻译

高英答案翻译

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1)你应该适当花一点时间休息和锻炼。(reasonable) You should spend a reasonable amount of time relaxing and exercising. 2) 总的来说,孩子们比过去任何时候都更健康,受到了更好的教育。(in general) In general, children are healthier and better educated than ever before. 3) 待适当的机会来临,他就能抓住。(come along) Wh en the right opportunity comes along, he’ll take it. 4)每天他都留出点时间跟家人在一起,享受生活。(set aside) Every day he sets aside some time to be with his family and enjoy life 5) 我记得那些黑暗的街道以及同父亲手拉手走路的情景。(hand in hand) I remember those dark streets and walking hand in hand with my father 6) 他最终辜负了父母的期望。(live up to) He finally failed to live up to his parents’ expectations. 相比之下,我们的用油量大幅度上升了。(in contrast) In contrast, our use of oil has increased enormously. 8) 经过努力,他成功地克服了自己的致命弱点。(overcome) He succeeded in his efforts to overcome his fatal weakness. 1) 人们认为,悲观常常会导致绝望、疾病和失败。 It is believed that pessimism often leads to hopelessness, sickness and failure. 2) 与此相反,乐观主义能使你幸福、健康和成功。 Optimism, by contrast, can make you happy, healthy and successful. 3) 当你做某件事失败时,把失败当作一种学习的经历从中汲取益处。 When you fail in something, profit from the failure as a learning experience ) 在问题或困难面前,要想想自己的长处并树立起自信心。 Think about your strengths and build up self-confidence in front of problems or difficulties. 5) 不要让消极的想法阻碍你。 Don’t let negative thoughts hold y ou back. 6) 每个人都经历过失败和失望,因此不要过多地责怪自己。 Everyone has experienced failures and disappointments, so don’t blame yourself too much. 1) She wore a dress ____with a pattern of rose__________ (有玫瑰图案) on it. 2) Helen had ____prepared a wonderful/good meal for us_ (为我们准备了一顿丰盛的饭菜). 3) Ann _______promised faithfully___ (信誓旦旦地保证) that she would never tell. 4) Could you ____deliver this letter__ (把这封信送到) to the accounts department? 5) We were offered ____a selection of milk and plain____chocolate (精选的牛奶巧克力和纯巧克力). 6) Tell the children to ___keep out of mischief / behave themselves_____(别胡闹). 7) We could hear _____the sound of distant thunder_____ (远处打雷的声音). 8) The project has now __received approval from the government (得到政府的批准). 9) Kelly loved her husband ____in spite of the fact that he drank too much (虽然他喝酒太多). 10) Experts seem unable to ____agree whether the drug is safe or not_ (就这个药是否安全取得一致意见). 1. Not every bomb has hit its target. 并非每个炸弹都击中了目标。 2. We can have one or the other but not both simultaneously. 我们能够得到其中一个,但不能同时两个都有。 3. She wanted nothing more than work. 她只想要工作。 4. You cannot be too careful. 你越仔细越好。 5. I have yet to receive an apology from a child who just ran over my foot while chasing a sibling. 有个小孩在追逐自家的兄弟姐妹时踩了我的脚,却仍未向我道歉。 1. 并非所有父母都和你一样能提供很多情况。 Not all parents are as informative as you

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