复旦附中2019届高三第一学期英语第一次摸底考试

（题源来自2018年浦东新区高考三模，语法部分有改动）

Ⅰ. Listening (略)

II. Grammar and Vocabulary

Section A

Directions:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

China’s Good Samaritan Law went into effect on October 1 to encourage people who are ready to help others. Under the law, people who voluntarily offer emergency assistance to those who are, or who they believe to be, injured, ill or in danger, will not have civil responsibility in the event of harm to the victims.

The new law aims to ease the reluctance people feel toward helping strangers for fear of legal consequences if they make mistakes in treatment. It is a response to the phenomenon of people __ (21)__ (hesitate) to help fallen senior citizens due to concern that they might be blackmailed (讹诈) later.

There has been no shortage of cases over the past decade __ (22) __ people hesitated to offer assistance to those who are in need. And some good Samaritans have been blackmailed for charitable acts. In 2011, a two-year-old girl known as Xiao Yueyue was run over by two cars, and 18 people passed by__ (23) __ offering emergency help. The girl died after days of medical treatment. In 2014, a man from Guangdong Province aided a senior citizen, but __ (24) __ (accuse) of knocking him down. The man committed suicide when __ (25) __ (face) with demands for a large sum of money.

These cases __ (26) __ (arouse) debate about morality and heroism in China in recent years. “If you don’t provide help, you will blame yourself, but if you do help, you are likely __ (27) __ (hurt) by the people you help. It is really a difficult choice,” one netizen said on Sina Weibo.

__ (28) __ there had been calls for a national Good Samaritan law, only a few cities pushed

ahead with such laws before the nationwide law came into effect.

However, some experts are concerned __ (29) __ there could be some danger from a nationwide Good Samaritan Law. “Rescuers who know little about first aid could bring serious harm to people in critical conditions,” said Yang Lixin, a professor at the Renmin University of China. He hoped the government __ (30) __ introduce details of the policy soon while encouraging people to voluntarily offer assistance.

SectionB

Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonly beused once.Notethat thereis onewordmorethanyouneed.

MinimumwagelawsintheU.S.werefirstintroducedduringthe1930sinresponsetotheGreatDepress ion.Thisperiodwas__11__byfallingoutput,fallingprices,andfallingemployment.TheNationalIndustri alRecoveryAct(NIRA)of1933attemptedtostopthisdownwardtrendbyencouragingthe__12__oftradea ssociationagreementsthatestablishedthelowestpriceandminimumwages.Thiswasthefirsttimethatmin imumwageswereintroducedinmajorindustries.Butin1935,theU.S.SupremeCourtruledthattheNIRAw asunlawful, andtheseinitial minimum wage agreements cameto anend.

In 1938, the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) established a national minimum wage of $0.25 an hour. This Act __13__ only applied to a relatively small share of the labor force, but has been __14__ over time so that it now applies to about 90% of all nonsupervisory workers.

Introductory economies textbooks usually first introduce the minimum wage as an application of demand and supply analysis. This starting discussion is usually based on the following __15__: the labor market is perfectly competitive, the minimum wage covers all workers, and worker productivity is __16__ by the wage rate.

While minimum wage increases generally receive __17__ public support, economists have generally argued that such laws will result in an increase in the unemployment rate in low-wage labor markets.

Anissuerelatedtothatofaminimumwageisagrowingmovementfor a“livingwage”.Living wagepro posalssuggestthatthe__18__minimumwageistoolowtoallowfamiliestobeabovethepovertylevel.Now

,__19__ofthisviewsupport“livingwagelaws”thatrequirethelocalgovernmentto onlyacceptcontractsfr omfirmsthatpaytheirworkersawagethatishighenough to __20__ the workers above the poverty line. Baltimore was the first city to adopt such alawin 1994. Under Baltimore’s“living wage”requirement, firms mustpayaworkeranhourlywagethatwillallowafull-timeworkertoreceiveanannualincomegreaterthan orequalto thepovertylevel forafamilyof three.

III. Reading Comprehension (45%)

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

When you’re shopping at the grocery store, you probably expect that the olive oil you see came from, well, olives. And that the organic vegetables were never exposed to poisonous chemicals.

Increasingly, however, there’s a chance you might be __41__. In recent years, there has been a rise in reports of so-called food fraud, or attempts by various entities — including storage workers, suppliers and distributors — to alter products and mislead customers and food companies alike for __42__gain. Among the more recent examples: “natural” honey containing antibiotics and Italian companies selling “Italian olive oil” from a blend of oils that did not __43__ from Italy.

By and large, the fraudsters are trying to make easy money — __44__ for a whole food or pricey ingredient, then cutting it with __45__ stuff secretly. But the health consequences can be__46__.

How can this happen? In the U.S., the Pure Food and Drug Act has prevented the “manufacture, sale or transportation of misbranded or poisonous foods” since 1906, and similar laws exist in other countries.

But most global food regulators, including the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, aren’t__47__ to enforce them effectively. For the most part, they focus on safety standards —__48__that foods don’t contain bacteria or viruses — and rely on companies to police their own ingredients, lest they face __49__ backlash（强烈抵制）. But now that food manufacturing has

become globalized, supply chains are longer, creating more opportunities for bad actors to __50__. Anyone who can __51__ substituting cheap ingredients for more expensive ones is going to try.

Governments are starting to fight back. In 2014, the U.K. created a food-crime unit that collects reports of food fraud. But in order to prevent fraud in the first place, the food industry needs to __52__ the safeguarding of its own production network. So the Global Food Safety Initiative (GFSI) —a trade group including officials from more than 300 food manufactures —will this year start __53__ its members’ supply chains, from field to table, to identify vulnerabilities.

__54__, dozens of other food-industry experts recently teamed up with academics from Michigan State University to launch the Food Fraud Initiative （FFI）, a group that studies fraudsters — specifically, how they avoid safeguards — and then advises food companies on how to get rid of them. “There are plenty of criminals out there who are going to wake up and perceive some opportunity for fraud,” says John Spink, director of the FFI. “We just need to make ourselves a(n) __55__ target.”

41. A. definite B. peaceful C. optimistic D. wrong

42. A. financial B. social C. technological D. potential

43. A. initiate B. originate C. withdraw D. profit

44. A. asking B. paying C. charging D. harvesting

45. A. cheaper B. faulty C. lighter D. bad

46. A. ok B. terrific C. incredible D. horrible

47. A. honored B. equipped C. justified D. promoted

48. A. maintaining B. struggling C. ensuring D. reflecting

49. A. consumer B. manufacturer C. market D. organizer

50. A. mess around B. make off C. show off D. stand aside

51. A. hold on to B. come up with C. get away with D. carry away with

52. A. minimize B. upgrade C. publicize D. abandon

53. A. recalling B. breaking C. describing D. examining

54. A. However B. Meanwhile C. Instead D. Therefore

55. A. easier B. nicer C.harder D. rarer

Section B

Directions:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(A)

Sleeper trains occupy a romantic corner of any traveler’s soul. One of HerculePoirot’smost fascinating adventures takes place on the Simplon Orient Express, which used to run from Paris to Istanbul. A famous scene in Alfred Hitchcock’s “North by Northwest” features a night train entering a tunnel. James Bond, meanwhile, detects a spy on a sleeper train after noticing him behave suspiciously in the dining car.

In some parts of the world, the nostalgia（怀旧）lives on. The Caledonian Sleeper,complete with smartly dressed waiters, neeps and tatties（白萝卜泥和土豆泥）and a selection of whiskies,is the best way to travel between London and Scotland. Elsewhere, however, sleepers are on their last legs. Flights across Europe have become so cheap that fewer and fewer travelers bother with sleeper trains. Sensing that the end is approaching, Andrew Martin, a British writer, has written a book about the sleeper.

“Night Trains” is a brief history of the mode, combined with accounts of journey s Mr. Martin has taken on sleeper routes across Europe. The reader joins him on a train Munich, where he eats a tuna sandwich on board. Travelling from Paris to Venice, he thinks he has been robbed of $105. The service to Nice is cancelled, yet such is his love for sleeping aboard that he spends the night on the train as it sits on the platform.

These stories make clear that the golden age of the sleeper train is long past. How different things were in the 19th century, when a passenger on the Orient Express could dine on delicacies and good wines. The only modern-day sleeper train which comes up to the Mr. Martin’s exacting standards is the Nordland, which travels towards northern Norway.

Those who have no experience of the sleeper trains often ask sleeper enthusiasts: “Do you sleep?” After a read of Mr. Martin’s book, the answer would seem to be a definite “no”: the noise of the train wakes him up time and again. Still, it is hard not to be won over by his enthusiasm. Catch the sleeper train, before it’s to o late.

56. What can we learn from the underlined sentence in paragraph two?

A. Sleeper trains are the last means of transportation for travelers.

B. Travelers tend to fall asleep toward the end of their trip.

C. Travelers are too exhausted to walk any longer.

D. Sleeper trains are becoming out of fashion.

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