高中英语语法精讲第7章动词的过去分词形式试题

高中英语语法精讲第7章动词的过去分词形式试题
高中英语语法精讲第7章动词的过去分词形式试题

高中英语语法精讲第七章动词的过去分词形式

动词的-ed形式也是非谓语动词的一种,它具有动词的一些特点,同时也具有形容词、副词的句法功能,在句中可用作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等。

一、动词的-ed形式的特征

A.动词的-ed形式是由动词的过去分词构成

动词的-ed形式只有一种形式,即传统语法中的过去分词。绝大部分的动词的-ed形式由动词原形加-ed构成,也有一些动词的-ed形式是不规则的。

1.规则动词的-ed形式

limit →limited(限制)

pretend →pre tended(假装)

escape →escaped(逃脱)

provide →provided(提供)

refer →referred(提交)

drag →dragged(拖)

pray →prayed(祈祷)

supply →supplied(供应)

2.不规则动词的-ed形式

cast →cast(投掷)

spread →spread(传播)

bite →bitten(咬)

forgive →forgiven(原谅)

spit →spat(吐)

wear →worn(穿)

fight →fought(搏斗)

lose →lost(丢失)

3.少数动词的-ed形式作定语时,读音与一般过去分词不同

learned →a learned professor 一位知识渊博的教授

aged →an aged man 老人

beloved →his beloved puter 他心爱的计算机

B.动词的-ed形式的否定形式

动词的-ed形式的否定形式是由not或never加动词的-ed形式构成。

Not allowed to go in, he had to wait outside. 不允许他进去,他只好在外面等着。

Never invited to his party, she got angry with him. 从未被邀请过去他的聚会,她很生气。

C.动词的-ed形式的特征

动词的-ed形式有被动的意思,有时也可表示完成的动作。

1.动词的-ed形式表示已完成的动作。

除了作形容词用的-ed形式外,动词的-ed形式可带有完成的意义,有的同时也带有被动的意义。

Born and brought up in the countryside, he was interested in biology. 由于在农村出生并长大,他对生物很感兴趣。

One of the glasses was found broken. 有人发现其中一个杯子破了。

The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people. 鲁迅写的这些书,受到了许多中国人的喜爱。

2.及物动词的-ed形式一般表示被动的意思。

Given more time, I could have solved that riddle. 要是有充足的时间,我就能猜出那个谜语。(句子的主语I 和动词give之间是被动关系。)

When you speak English, be sure to make yourself understood. 你说英语的时候,一定要让人懂得你的意思。(动词make的宾语yourself和宾语补足语understand之间是被动关系。)The experience gained in the army was of great value to our study. 在军队获得的经验对我们的学习很有帮助。

3.不及物动词的-ed形式只表示完成的意思,并不带有被动的含义。

an escaped prisoner 逃犯(= a prisoner who has escaped)

a retired worker 退休工人(= a worker who has retired)

a newly arrived guest 新来的客人(= a guest who has just arrived)

We should bring in advanced technology from developed countries from time to time.我们应该不时地从发达国家引进先进技术。

People should pay attention to the changed situation. 人们应该注意到变化了的形势。二、动词的-ed形式的用法

动词的-ed形式在句中主要起形容词和副词的作用,可以作定语、表语、状语和补语。A.动词的-ed形式作表语

1.-ed形式在连系动词后作表语,说明主语的状态。

The students are fully prepared. 学生们已做好了充分的准备。

When we got there, the shop was closed. 我们到那儿时,商店已经关门了。

She felt satisfied with her performance on the high-and-low bars. 她对自己在高低杠上的表现感到很满意。

The land remained unexploited. 这片土地尚未开发。

Hearing the news, he looked disappointed. 听到这个消息,他看起来非常失望。

The top of the mou ntain is covered with snow all through the year. 山顶上终年积雪覆盖。

比较:

要把-ed形式作表语和被动语态区别开来。作表语的-ed形式表示状态,被动语态中的-ed 形式表示被动动作。

All the doors are locked. 所有的门都是锁着的。(-ed形式作表语,表示状态)

All the doors were locked by the guard. 所有的门都被卫兵锁上了。(被动语态,表示动作)Peter the Great is buried here. 彼得大帝就埋葬在这里。(-ed形式作表语,表示状态Peter the Great was buried here in 1725. 彼得大帝于1725年被埋葬在这里。(被动语态,表示动作)

2.同一动词的-ed形式与-ing形式作表语时的区别。

动词的-ed形式作表语,主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态,含有被动的意思,而-ing 形式作表语多表示主语具有的特征,含有主动的意思。

They were frightened to hear the frightening sound. 他们听到那可怕的声音很害怕。

At the sight of the moving scene, all the people present were moved. 看到这么动人的情景,所有在场的人都感动了。

提示:

上述动词的-ed形式,有的(如pleased, tired, excited, disappointed等)已经变成形容词,可以被very, too等副词修饰。有的(如amused, puzzled, relaxed等)还不能被very, too修饰,只能被much修饰。

T hese problems are very puzzling. 这些问题很令人迷惑。

We are much puzzled by his failure to reply. 他不给我们回信使我们百思不得其解。

His speech was very moving. 他的演讲非常感人。

All the people present were moved to tears. 在场的所有人都被感动得流泪了。

B.动词的-ed形式作宾语补足语

当作宾语补足语的动词和前面的宾语之间是被动关系时,一般应用动词的-ed形式作宾语的补足语。

1.在感觉动词see, hear, feel, notice, watch, find后作宾语补足语。

I heard the Ninth Symphony played last night. 昨晚我听了第九交响乐的演奏。

We found all the rivers seriously polluted. 我们发现所有的河流都被严重污染了。Yesterday I noticed a little girl caught stealing in the shop. 昨天我在商店里注意到一个小女孩偷东西被抓住了。

He felt his collar pulled by someone from behind. 他感觉到衣领被人从后面拉了一下。2.在使役动词get, have, make, leave, keep等后作宾语补足语。

①动词的-ed形式作get的宾语补足语。

Doris got her bad tooth pulled out in the hospital. 多丽丝在医院把坏牙拔了。

I'll just get these dishes washed and then I'll e. 我得先把盘子洗了,然后就来。

比较:

动词get后也可接动词不定式或动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语,和宾语是主动关系。

I couldn’t get the car to start this morning. 今早我无法把汽车发动起来。

He got his sister to help him with his clothes. 他让姐姐帮他洗衣服。

It is not hard to get him talking; the problem is stopping him! 让他说话不难,难的是说开了止不住他。

Can you really get that old clock going again 你真的能让那辆旧钟再走起来吗?

②动词的-ed形式作make的宾语补足语。

He raised his voice in order to make himself heard. 他提高了嗓门为了使别人听清他的讲话。You should make your views known to the public. 你应该让知道你的观点。

注意:

动词make后的宾语补足语可用不带to的动词不定式或动词的-ed形式,但不可用动词的-ing形式。

【误】Can you make the students understanding the text

【正】Can you make the students understand the text 你能让学生理解这篇课文吗?

【正】Can you make the text understood by the students 你能让学生理解这篇课文吗?

③动词的-ed形式作keep或leave的宾语补足语。

They all went home, leaving all the work undone. 所有的工作都没完成,他们就回家了。The detective and his assistant kept themselves locked in the room all night. 侦探和他的助手把自己整夜反锁在房间里。

3.动词的-ed形式也可用在with(without)结构中,作介词的宾语补足语。

With everything well arranged, he left the office. 一切都安排妥善之后,他离开了办公室。She has e back with her backpack filled with interesting picture-books. 她已经回来了,背包里塞满了有趣的图书。

Without any grain left in the house, the little girl had to go begging. 家里没有粮食,小女孩只好出去讨饭。

Without any more time given, we couldn't finish the task in three weeks. 如果不再给我们任何时间的话,我们三星期之内完成不了任务。

4.某些动词后(如want, need, prefer, would like等),作宾语补足语的不定式被动形式省略“to be”,就成了-ed形式作宾语补足语。

I would like this matter (to be) settled immediately. 我希望这事立即得到解决。

I'd prefer this book translated by my sister. 我情愿让我妹妹来翻译这本书。

We need the work (to be) finished by Saturday. 我们需要这项工作周六之前完成。

The peasants don't want good farmland (to be) built on. 农民们不想让好好的农田被用来建造房子。

C.动词的-ed形式作定语

动词的-ed形式作定语修饰名词分为前置和后置两类。

1.前置定语

单个的动词的-ed形式作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前,作前置定语。

A watched pot never boils. 心急锅不开。

All the broken doors and windows have been repaired. 所有的坏门窗都修好了。

When we arrived, we each were given a printed question paper. 我们到达的时候,每人被发给了一份印制好的试卷。

提示:

如要表示强调,单个动词-ed形式也可作后置定语。

Money spent is more than money earned. 入不敷出。

2.后置定语

作后置定语的-ed形式一般都带有修饰语或其他成分,在语法上相当于一个定语从句。We have read many novels written by this author. 我们读过这个作家写的许多小说。(= that are written by this author)

Half of the honored guests invited to the reception were foreign ambassadors. 被邀请到招待会上的贵宾有一半都是外国大使。(= who had been invited to the reception)

The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success. 这次会议获得很大的成功,共有一千名学生出席了。(= which was attended by one thousand students)

A woman, dressed like a lawyer, came in and took her seat as judge. 一个律师装扮的女人走了进来,并作为法官就座。(= who was dressed like a lawyer)

3.动词的-ed形式作定语和-ing形式作定语的区别

动词的-ed形式作定语表示动作已完成或和被动,而-ing形式作定语表示动作正在进行或和主动。

the risen sun 升起了的太阳

the rising sun 正在升起的太阳

boiled water 开水

boiling water 正沸腾的水

developed countries 发达国家

developing countries 发展中国家

fallen leaves 落叶

falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子

changed condition 改变了的情况

changing condition 变化着的情况

动词的-ed形式作状语和-ing形式作状语一样,也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。

1.表示时间

动词的-ed形式作状语表示时间,相当于一个时间状语从句。

Seen from the tower, the city looks beautiful. 从塔上往下看,城市显得很美丽。(= When the city is seen from the tower...)

Shown the lab, we were taken to see the library. 带我们参观了实验室之后,又带我们参观了图书馆。(= After we had been shown the lab...)

pletely examined by the doctors, he went back to school right away. 经过医生彻底检查以后,他立刻回到了学校。(= After he was pletely examined...)

提示:

有时动词的-ed形式前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。

When asked why she was late for class again, she hung her head in shame. 当被问到为什么上课又迟到时,她羞愧地低下了头。

Once recovered, he went all out to do his work. 一恢复健康,他就全力以赴地干起了工作。Once started, the clock will go half a month and keep good time.一旦给这钟上了发条,它就会走半个月,并且走得很准。

2. 表示原因

动词的-ed形式作状语表示原因,相当于一个原因状语从句。

Moved by the heroic deeds, the children couldn't help crying. 孩子们被英雄事迹感动,情不自禁地哭了起来。(= Since they were moved by the heroic deeds ...)

Written in haste, her letter is very hard to read. 因为写得快,她的信很难阅读。(=As it was written in haste ...)

Excited by the new discovery, we decided to go out and celebrate. 我们因为新发现而激动万分,决定出去庆祝一下。(Because we were excited by...)

注意:

为了使-ed形式表示的条件、动词让步意义更加明显,我们可以加上适当的连词。

Even if invited, I won't go. 即使受到邀请,我也不去。

Though beaten by the opposite team, they did not lose heart. 虽然被对手打败,便他们并没有丧失信心。

Unless invited, he will not e back to the pany. 除非被邀请,不然他不会回到公司来的。

3. 表示条件

动词的-ed形式作状语表示条件,相当于一个条件状语从句。

Heated, water changes into steam. 加热,水就能变成蒸汽。(= If water is heated...)Given more time, he would be able to do better. 假如多给一些时间,他会干得更出色。(= If he was given more time ...)

pared with other professors, she was an excellent speaker. 与其他教授相比,她是一个优秀的演说家。

4. 表示让步

动词的-ed形式作状语表示让步,相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。Exhausted by th e running, they went on running after the robber. 尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽,他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。(= Although they were exhausted by the running ...)Laughed at by many people, he cont inued his research. 尽管被许多人嘲笑,他还是继续他的研究。(= Even if he was laughed by many people ...)

Questioned many times a day, Andrew kept silent over the murder. 尽管一天被盘问了多次,安德鲁仍然对那件谋杀案保持沉默。

提示:

有时动词的-ed形式作状语和动词的-ing形式的被动式作状语,并没有多大的区别,可以互换。

Suddenly seized with a high fever, he was unable to attend school. 他因突然发热不能来上学。

= Being suddenly seized with a high fever, he was unable to attend school. 他因突然发热不能来上学。

Brought up in the countryside, he found it hard to get used to town life. 因为是在农村长大的,他感到很难适应城市生活。

= Having been brought up in the countryside, he found it hard to get used to town life. 因为是在农村长大的,他感到很难适应城市生活。

5.表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明。

动词的-ed形式作状语表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明时,通常位于句子的后面,相当于一个并列分句。

The teacher stood there, surrounded by the students. 老师站在那儿,被学生围住了。(= and he was surrounded by the students)

He went into the office, followed by some children. 他走进办公室,后面跟着一些孩子。(= and he was followed by some children)

They turned around and stood in the middle of the room, pletely astonished. 他们转过身来,站

在房间中央,完全惊呆了。

She accepted the gift, deeply moved. 她接受了礼物,深深地感动了。

注意:

动词的-ed形式在句中不能用作主语或宾语。

【误】Invited to the state banquet is a great honor.

【正】To be invited to the state banquet is a great honor. 被邀请出席国宴是极大的荣耀。【误】I cannot stand laughed at.

【正】I cannot stand being laughed at. 我不能容忍被人嘲笑。

三、动词的-ed形式的逻辑主语

A.动词的-ed形式在句中作状语和表语时,它的逻辑主语一般来说就是句子的主语,-ed 形式和主语之间是被动关系。

Locked up, he had no way to escape. 他被锁了起来,没有办法逃跑了。

Lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. 他陷入了沉思,几乎撞到了前面的汽车。

She became discouraged at the news. 听到这个消息,她泄气了。

Though it was 1000 a.m., the door of the shop remained locked. 尽管已经是上午10点了,商店的门仍然锁着。

B.当动词的-ed形式在句中作定语时,它的逻辑主语是被它修饰的名词,它和名词之间是被动关系。

The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. 第一批编写出来作为英语教材的课本是16世纪出版的。

The puter center, opened last year, is very popular amo ng the students in this school. 去年开办的计算机中心深受这所学校的学生喜爱。

A lighted candle lit up the cellar. 一支点燃的蜡烛照亮了地下室。

C.当动词的-ed形式在句中作宾语补语或主语补语时,它的逻辑主语是句子的主语或宾语,它们之间的关系是被动关系。

Vivien got her fingers trapped in the bicycle chain. 薇薇恩把手指卡在自行车链条里了。(trapped的逻辑主语是句子的宾语fingers)

The valuable vase was found stolen. 那个珍贵的花瓶发现被盗了。(stolen的逻辑主语是句子的主语vase)

We got home only to find the whole house turned upside down. Thieves obviously had broken in. 我们回到家发现整幢房子被翻得乱七八糟, 很明显小偷闯进来了。

D.动词的-ed形式有时可有其独立的逻辑主语,常用作状语(详见“第8章独立主格结

构”)。

Everything done, we went home. 一切事情都做完了,我们就回家了。

All our money run out, Henry had to find another job. 钱都用完了,亨利不得不再找一份工作。

He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head. 他躺在草地上,头枕着双手。All things considered, the planned trip will have to be called off. 考虑到所有的情况,原来计划好的旅行不得不取消。

E.动词的-ed形式作独立成分。

动词的-ed形式的一些固定词组也可在句中作独立成分,不受逻辑主语的限制。

Put frankly, I don't agree with what he said. 坦白地说,我不同意他所说的。

Given the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. 考虑到他一般的身体状况,手术后的恢复可能需要一段时间。

(完整版)高中英语语法动词不定式和动名词做宾语

巧记跟不定式和动名词做宾语的动词用法 语法体现语言的规律,学好英语离不开语法学习。其中,动词的用法是重点,也是难点。对于谓语动词和非谓语动词的用法,学生普遍感到困难。学生感到50多个动词,用法难以掌握,但调整了单词的排列顺序,根据汉意编写顺口溜会方便记忆: (一)跟不定时作宾语的动词有: 打算(intend)计划(plan)和期盼(expect/desire) 假装(pretend)喜欢(would like/love/prefer)表祝愿(wish) 决定(decide)同意(agree)来帮助(help) 设法(manage)说服(persuade)不拒绝(refuse) 好像(seem/appear)答应(promise)做努力(attempt) 选择(choose)询问(ask)多学习(learn) 告诉(tell)失败(fail)也付得起(afford) 不定式宾语要牢记! (二)跟动名词作宾语的动词有: 考虑(consider)完成(finish)多练习(practise) 避免(avoid)冒险(risk)求建议(suggest/recoomend) 面对(face)喜欢(enjoy/appreciate)和介意(mind) 允许(allow)承认(admit/permit)或放弃(give up/abandon) 推迟(put off/delay/postphone)逃避(escape)不原谅(excuse/pardon)提及(mention)坚持(keep/insist on)要想象(imagine/fancy) 还有词组feel like 和can’t stand! 瞧!,我们就这样快快乐乐地记住了吧! (三)在动词remember, try, regret, forget, need/want/require, stop, mean等后跟动名词V-和不定式意义不同,巧记一句话(记住努力;后悔忘记;需要停止;很有意义),学习采用对比法: remember to do something记着去做某事(现在还没有做) remember doing something记着曾做过某事(以前做过某事) try to do something努力、尽力做某事 try doing something试着做某事(看能否达到预期的结果) stop to do something开始做某事(停下正在做的事,开始做另一事) stop doing something停止做某事(停止正在做的事) regret to do something对将来做的事感到遗憾、惋惜 regret doing something对已经做过的事感到后悔

高中英语语法讲解与练习之动词过去分词

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动词过去式变化规则大全

一、规则动词(Regullar Verbs) 的过去式由"动词原形+-ed”构成,具体变化有: 1.一般的直接在词尾加-ed 。如: want —wanted, work —worked, need —needed, clean —cleaned 2.以不发音的e 结尾的在词尾加-d 。如:like —liked, live —lived, use —used, move—moved smile--smiled; hope--hoped. 注意:ie 结尾动词,直接加d: died;tied. 3.以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,先双写结尾的辅音字母,再加 -ed 。如:stop —stopped, trip —tripped planned; 4.以辅音字母加y 结尾的动词,先把y 变成i ,再加-ed 。如:study —studied, carry —carried, hurry —hurried, marry —married worried; studied. 注意:规则动词过去式加“ ed”后的发音规则: 在浊辅音和元音后面[d] called [k?:ld] borrowed [b?r??d] moved[mu:vd] 在清辅音后面[t] helped[helpt] passed[pa:st] 在[t] [d]音后面[id] started['sta:tid] counted['kauntid] needed['ni:did] counted['kauntid] 补充说明: 二、不规则动词(Irregular Verbs) 的过去式大体上归纳有以下记忆法: 1.以t 结尾的词,过去式与原形相同。如:put—put, let —let, cut —cut, beat —beat read —read must--must 2.以d 结尾的词,把d 变成t。如:build —built, lend —lent, sen d —sent, spe nd —spe nt 3.以n 结尾的词,在词后力口t。如:mean— meant, burn —burnt, learn —learnt 4.以ow / aw 结尾的词,把ow / aw 变成ew。如:blow —blew, draw —drew, know—knew, grow —grew throw —threw (动词show 除外,show—showed) 5.含有双写字母的词,将双写改为单写,在词尾加t 。如:keep—kept, sleep —slept, feel —felt, smell —smelt sweep —swept 6.含有元音字母o / i 的词,将o / i 变成a/口:come— came become —became sing —sang, give —gave, sit —sat, drink —drank 7.以ought 和aught 结尾,且读音是〔:t 〕的过去式。如: bring —brought ,buy—bought ,think —thought ,catch —caught,teach—taught &把重读开音节中的i改为o,变成过去式。如: drive —drove ,ride —rode ,write —wrote 9.动词原形中的e改为o,如: get —got , forget —forgot 10.动词原形中的ee改为e,如: feed —fed , meet—met 11.动词原形中的eak改为oke,如:

高中英语语法(6)-动词的ing形式

第6章动词的-ing形式 动词的-ing形式包括传统语法的“动名词”(gerund)和“现在分词”(present participle)两个部分。动词的-ing形式具有动词的特征,同时又具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,因此它可以在句中作主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语和状语。 一、动词-ing形式的特征和种类 与动词不定式一样,动词的-ing形式也具有动词的特征,有时态和语态的变化,并可带状语、宾语等。 A.动词-ing形式的一般式 1. 动词-ing形式的一般式可用来泛指一个动作,没有特别的时间意义。Swimming is her favorite sport. 游泳是她最喜欢的体育运动。 Learning is important to modern life. 学习对现代生活很重要。 2. 动词-ing形式的一般式可用来表示和谓语动词同时发生的动作。 They went out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 他们有说有笑地走出教室。 She listened carefully to her neighbours speaking. 她倾听她邻居的讲话。 3. 动词-ing形式的一般式有时也可表示在谓语动词的动作之前或之后发生的动作。 I remembered sending him an e-mail last week. 我记得上星期给他发过一份电

子邮件。 He suggested taking my daughter to the zoo the next Sunday. 他建议下个星期天带我女儿去动物园。 B. 动词-ing形式的完成式 动词的-ing形式的完成式表示一个已完成的动作,这个动作发生或完成在谓语动词表示的动作之前。 Having lived in this city for three years, she knows it very well. 在这个城市生活了3年,她对这里已很熟悉。 I really regretted having missed such an exciting lecture. 错过了这么振奋人心的演讲,我真的很遗憾。 注意: 在现代英语中,作宾语的-ing形式的完成式可用一般式来代替。 I really regretted missing such an exciting lecture. 错过了这么振奋人心的演讲,我真的很遗憾。(=I really regretted having missed such an exciting lecture.) We remembered seeing the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。(=We remembered having seen the film. ) C. 动词-ing形式的被动形式 动词的-ing形式的被动形式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing形式表示的动作的承受者。 1.一般式的被动形式 The question being discussed is very important. 正在讨论的问题很重要。

高中英语过去分词用法练习题及答案

习题精选---分词用法: boy went to the ball,_like a pretty girl. A. dressing B. wearing C. wore D. dressed 2._in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed 3. The film was made_on a true old story. A. base B. to be based C. based D. basing 4. When_,the museum will be open to the public next year. A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed 5._to his research, he almost forgot everything. A. Devoting B. Devoted C. To devote D. Devote 6. _his attention on his novel, he didn’t notice the teacher coming. A. Fixed B. Fixing C. Fix D. To fix 7._on his novel, he didn’t notice the teacher coming. A. Fixed B. Fixing C. Fix D. To fix old engineer talked of the difficulty they _the tower. A. built B. had building C. had built D. build 9. _such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered 10._the past, our life is becoming much better. A. Comparing with B. Be compared with C. To compare with D. Compared with 11. The boy was last seen _near the East Lake. A. playing B. play C. played D. to play was very unhappy for _to the party. A. having not been invited B. not having invited C. having not invited D. not having been invited I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door _“Sorry to miss you; will call later.” A. read B. reads C. reading D. to read 14. We went to see him yesterday evening, _him away. A. finding B. find C. only to find D. found 15. _of plastics, the machines are easy to carry. A. To make B. Having made C. Being made D. Made Suggested answers: 1-5 DACA B 6-10 BABAD 11-15 ADCCD

高中英语语法总结大全-动词

高中英语语法总结大全之动词 动词 1)表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。 2)根据其在句中的功能,动词可分为四类,分别是:实义动词(Notional Verb)、系动词(Link Verb)、助动词(Auxiliary Verb)、情态动词(Modal Verb)。 说明:有些情况下,有些动词是兼类词,例如: We are having a meeting.我们正在开会。(having是实义动词。) He has gone to New York.他已去纽约。 (has是助动词。) 3)动词根据其后是否带有宾语,可分为两类,分别是:及物动词(Transitive Verb)、不及物动词(Intransitive Verb),缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.。 说明:同一动词有时可用作及物动词,有时可用作不及物动词。例如: She can dance and sing. 她能唱歌又能跳舞。(sing在此用作不及物动词。) She can sing many English songs. 她能唱好多首英文歌曲。(sing用作及物动词。) 4)根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制,可分两类,分别是:限定动词(Finite Verb)、非限定动词(Non-finite Verb)例如: She sings very well. 她唱得很好。(sing受主语she的限制,故用第三人称单数形式sings。) She wants to learn English well. 她想学好英语。(to learn不受主语she的限制,没有词形变化,是非限定动词。 说明:英语中共有三种非限定动词,分别是:动词不定式(Infinitive)、动名词(Gerund)、分词(Participle)。 5)根据动词的组成形式,可分为三类,分别是:单字词(One-Word Verb)、短语动词(Phrasal Verb)、动词短语(Verbal Phrase)例如: The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases. 英语里有许多短语动词和动词短语。(contains是单字动词。)

(完整版)高中英语语法知识思维导图

什么是语法? +表语 +宾语 +间接宾语+直接宾语 +宾语+宾语补足语 to/-ing s not

一般现在时vs.一般过去时

一般将来时 将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的 动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经 常或者重复发生的动作,常与表示 将来的时间副词连用,例如:soon, next week, this afternoon, tomorrow We will graduate next year. 我们明年毕业。

进行时(1) (V+ing) 现在分词(V+ing) 现在分词(V+ing)?

进行时(2)

完成时(1) Part1 完成时的句型构成 1-1 陈述句型:S+has/have+过去分词(p.p.) I have already finished my homework.(我已经完成了我的作业) 1-2 否定句型:S+has/have+not+过去分词(p.p.) Sandy has been a nurse in this hospital for 15 years.(珊蒂已经在这家医院担任护士长达15年了。) 1-3 疑问句型:Has/Have+s+过去分词(p.p.)? Have you ever seen Peter in past 3 months?(过去3个月内,你看见过彼吗?) 2-1 陈述句型:S+had+过去分词(p.p.) This proposal had been deliverde by Eva before Aaron finished it. (这个计划在艾伦完成以前,伊娃就已经提交出去了) 2-2 否定句型:S+had+not+过去分词(p.p.) I had not finished my work when he visited me last week.(上周他来拜访我以前,我还没有完成工作。) 2-3 疑问句型:Had+s+过去分词(p.p.)? Had you ever been to a blind date before you married?(你结婚以前曾经参加相亲吗?) 3-1 陈述句型:S+shall/will+have+过去分词(p.p.) They wll have finished the meeting by now. (他们现在应该已经开完会了) 3-2 否定句型:S+shall/will+have+not+过去分词(p.p.) We will have not made 10 apple pies by the end of today.(我们在今天结束之前不能做完10个苹果派。) 3-3 疑问句型: Shall/Will+ s+have+过去分词(p.p.)? Will they have already left by the time we get there?(我们到的时候,他们会不会已经离开了? )

(word完整版)高中英语语法全解-过去分词

第7章动词的过去分词形式 动词的-ed形式也是非谓语动词的一种,它具有动词的一些特点,同时也具有形容词、副词的句法功能,在句中可用作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等。 一、动词的-ed形式的特征 A.动词的-ed形式是由动词的过去分词构成 动词的-ed形式只有一种形式,即传统语法中的过去分词。绝大部分的动词的-ed形式由动词原形加-ed构成,也有一些动词的-ed形式是不规则的。 1.规则动词的-ed形式 limit→limited(限制) pretend→pretended(假装) escape→escaped(逃脱) provide→provided(提供) refer→referred(提交) drag→dragged(拖) pray→prayed(祈祷) supply→supplied(供应) 2.不规则动词的-ed形式 cast→cast(投掷) spread→spread(传播) bite→bitten(咬) forgive→forgiven(原谅) spit→spat(吐) wear→worn(穿) fight→fought(搏斗) lose→lost(丢失) 3.少数动词的-ed形式作定语时,读音与一般过去分词不同 learned a learned professor 一位知识渊博的教授 aged an aged man 老人 beloved his beloved computer 他心爱的计算机 B.动词的-ed形式的否定形式 动词的-ed形式的否定形式是由not或never加动词的-ed形式构成。 Not allowed to go in, he had to wait outside. 不允许他进去,他只好在外面等着。 Never invited to his party, she got angry with him. 从未被邀请过去他的聚会,她很生气。 C.动词的-ed形式的特征 动词的-ed形式有被动的意思,有时也可表示完成的动作。 1.动词的-ed形式表示已完成的动作。 除了作形容词用的-ed形式外,动词的-ed形式可带有完成的意义,有的同时也带有被动的意义。

英语动词原形

动词过去式规则变化大全: [1] e结尾的情况: e结尾的动词, 直接加d: smile--smiled; hope--hoped. ie结尾动词,直接加d: died;tied. [2] 双辅音结尾的情况: 两个辅音字母(consonant)结尾的, 直接加ed: helped; learned. [3]两个元音+一个辅音结尾的情况: 两个元音(vowels:a,e,i,o,u)加一个辅音字母结尾的动词,直接加ed: rained; heated. [4] 一个元音+一个辅音结尾的情况: 一个元音(vowel)加一个辅音字母结尾的动词: (1) 对单音节(one-syllable)单词,双写最后一个辅音字母加ed. . stopped; planned; (2) 对双音节(two-syllable)单词,如果重读在第一个音节处,不双写加ed. 如: visited(重读在vis前); offered(重读在of前); (3) 对双音节(two-syllable)单词,如果重读在第二个音节处,双写词尾辅音字母加ed. 如: preferred(重读在fer前); admitted(重读在mit前); referred; deferred; [5] y结尾的情况: 元音+y结尾动词,直接加ed: played; enjoyed. 辅音+y结尾动词,y变i加ed: worried;studied. 1.把动词原形中的i改为a,变成过去式。如: begin—began,drink—drank,give—gave,ring—rang,sing—sang,sit—sat,swim—swam 2.把重读开音节中的i改为o,变成过去式。如: drive—drove,ride—rode,write—wrote 3.改动词原形中的aw /ow为ew,变成过去式。如: draw—drew,grow—grew,know—knew,throw—threw(动词show除外,show—showed) 4.动词原形中的e改为o,变成过去式。如: get—got,forget—forgot 5.动词原形中的ee改为e,变成过去式。如: feed—fed,meet—met 6.动词原形中的eep改为ept,变成过去式。如: keep—kept,sleep—slept,sweep—swept 7.动词原形中的eak改为oke,变成过去式。如: break—broke,speak—spoke 8.动词原形中的ell改为old,变成过去式。如: sell—sold,tell—told

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Such a thing has never been heard of before. 这样的事闻所未闻。 3. 表示"据说"或"相信" 的词组,基本上由believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand等组成。例如: It is said that…据说 It is reported that… 据报道 It is believed that…大家相信 It is hoped that…大家希望 It is well known that… 众所周知 It is thought that…大家认为 It is suggested that…据建议 It i s taken granted that…被视为当然 It has been decided that… 大家决定 It must be remember that… 务必记住的是

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