古罗马建筑艺术鉴赏

欧洲文化鉴赏

上完老师的欧洲文化鉴赏的课后，虽然没有马上学到很多东西，但是也起码对一些欧洲的艺术文化有了些兴趣。现在，就让我来鉴赏一下意大利古罗马的建筑艺术。

After the teacher's European cultural appreciation of the class, although not immediately learned a lot of things, but at least some of the European art and culture have some interest. Now, let me appreciate the architectural art of Rome ancient Italy.

我对老师课堂上讲过的古罗马斗兽场很感兴趣，也从里面看到了很多古罗马那时候的一些建筑艺术和人文气息，所以我选取了古罗马斗兽场作为这次的选题题材。先来一个简单的介绍：

I in class, the teacher talked about the ancient Roman Colosseum is very interested in, also from the inside saw a lot of ancient Rome at that time some of the architectural art and cultural atmosphere, so I chose the Roman Colosseum as the theme of this topic. First to a simple introduction:

古罗马斗兽场位于意大利首都罗马市中心威尼斯广场的东南面，是古罗马帝国和罗马城的象征，是罗马古迹中最卓越、最著名的代表，是当今世界八大名胜之一。斗兽场又名竞技场，也有人称它为露天大剧场。称它为斗兽场，是因为这里曾是古罗马角斗士与猛兽搏斗、厮杀以博取皇帝、王公、贵族一笑的地方。称之为竞技场，是因为场中可以竞技、比赛、歌舞和阅兵。斗兽场的全称叫“科洛塞奥大斗兽场”。“科洛塞奥”，语出意大利文，为“高大”、“巨大”之意。当年这里是罗马帝国暴君尼禄的御花园，斗兽场建在一个小湖之中，因为湖边建有高120英尺的尼禄镀金铜像，罗马人叫它巨大金像，斗兽场因此而得名“科洛塞奥”。当年的花园、草坪和小湖早已踪迹渺然，但我们还可从周围的萋萋芳草、行行绿树和低洼地势之中寻觅和察知一些历史遗迹。

Ancient Roman Colosseum is located in the southeast of the centre of the Italian capital Rome Venice Square is symbol of the Roman Empire and the city of Rome, is a Roman ruins the most remarkable, the most famous representatives of the, is one of the eight spots in the world today. Also known as the Colosseum arena, it was also known as the open theater. Said it to the Colosseum, because here was the angle of ancient Roman gladiator fight with the beast, killing one seeks emperor, the nobility, the nobility smile. Called the arena, because the field can compete, competition, song and dance and parade. The Colosseum, the full name of the "Kolo Sale coliseum". "The Italian language, Colo EO", "tall", "great". Then here is the imperial garden in the Roman Empire emperor Nero, the Colosseum built in a small lake, because the lake built 120 feet high Nero gilded bronze statue, the Romans called it a huge statue, the Colosseum, hence the name "colo EO". When the gardens, lawns and lake long trail a weakish, but we can also from the surrounding grass is luxuriant, rows of trees and low-lying among seeking and perceive some places of historic interest.

古罗马斗兽场的建筑技术凝结了无与伦比的智慧，还有超前的设计理念和精湛的建筑工艺，建筑无论哪一处都有着非常好的人性化设计，例如出入口的设计。远在几千年前，就有工匠懂得设计这种一直沿用至今的设计方案，证明古代工匠的技术是如此的高超，可以容纳五万人的场地在15到30分钟内可以疏散完。斗兽场的顶蓬也是一项伟大的工程，在古代建造顶蓬，无论是再人力，还是在技术上都是一个很大的挑战。斗兽场的柱式结构，和谐而统一，我想到了中国的大同，圆柱形的结构代表着和谐，继承了古罗马的建筑风格和建筑艺术，古罗马建筑一般是以厚实的砖石墙、半圆形拱券、逐层挑出的门框装饰和交叉拱顶结构为主要特点，而斗兽场也很好的在此基础上推陈出新，将古罗马建筑艺术发挥到极致。古罗马斗兽场的建筑形态，以一个圆形的形状展示，是追求完美，追求和谐，追求崇高，在我看来，是意味着和谐与对称，也代表着统治者和统治王朝的强大，我看过有人这样评论过罗马斗兽场，“何时有斗兽场，何时便有罗马，而斗兽场倒塌之日，便是罗马灭亡之时”。这句话也说明了斗兽场代表的不仅仅只是一种文化，代表的更是一个国家民族的生死存亡。

Roman fighting arena construction techniques condense the unmatched intelligence and advanced

design concepts and superb construction technology, buildings, whether which have very good humanized design, such as entrances and exits of the design. As far away as thousands of years ago, craftsman knows this design has been in use since the design scheme that ancient craftsmen technology is so superb, can accommodate 50000 sites in 15 to 30 minutes to evacuate. Colosseum canopy is a great project, in the ancient building roof, whether it is another human or in technology are a great challenge. Colosseum column structure, harmonious and unified, I think China's Datong, cylindrical structure means harmony, inherited the Roman architectural style and art and Roman architecture is generally thick masonry walls, semi-circular arch, by layer singled out the door decoration and cross vault structure as the main features, and the Colosseum is also very good on the basis of innovation, the architectural art of ancient Rome to acme. Roman fighting arena of architectural form, with a circular shape display, pursuit of perfection, the pursuit of harmony, the pursuit of noble, in my opinion is means harmony and symmetry, also represents a powerful rulers and ruling dynasty, I saw someone commented on the Colosseum in Rome, "when the Coliseum, when a Roman and bucket arena collapsed, is the demise of Rome". This sentence also illustrate the Colosseum represents not only a kind of culture, representative is the survival of a nation.

古罗马的统治者之所以建造这个斗兽场，是因为古罗马的角斗文化，统治者想把这个斗兽场作为一个文化中心，同时也作为一个政治秀场。也许很多人会认为这是一种极其残酷的模式，无论对人还是动物，都必须在这个充满血腥的斗兽场内决一生死。但不可否认的是，这是古罗马的一种文化，上到统治者下到基层的平民，无不对这种角斗充满着期待，连一些着装高贵的贵妇也喜欢看这种角斗。这种角斗文化告诉人们，在那种弱肉强食的时代，你如果不把敌人杀死，敌人将会把你杀死，时刻让人们带着一颗警惕的心。这种角斗文化我觉得也是古罗马斗兽场的一种特有的艺术与特点，它让凶残的角斗看起来有点艺术，看起来是一种让这座城市，这个国家持续生存下去的原因，看完之后，我觉得角斗文化是这个国家赖以生存的一种文化，因为据我了解，当时的世界，弱肉强食，所以只有让自己变得更加强大，这样才可以在这个战争的世界里站稳脚跟，不让自己的国家灭亡，所以统治者建造这个斗兽场一部分是为了娱乐，还有一个重要原因是为了巩固自己的统治，不让外敌容易的侵入。

The rulers of ancient Rome was built the Colosseum is because Roman gladiatorial culture, the ruler to the Colosseum as a cultural center, but also as a political show. Maybe a lot of people will think this is a very cruel mode, regardless of people or animals, must be in this full of bloody Colosseum must die. But undeniable is, this is a kind of culture of ancient Rome, to civilian rulers down to the grassroots level, no wrong this arena full of expectations, even some dressed noble ladies like to see this arena. This arena culture told people that in the era of the law of the jungle that, if you don't kill the enemy, the enemy will kill you, time let the people with a single alert heart. I think it is the cultural arena of the ancient Colosseum a unique artistic characteristic, which makes the murderous look a little art arena, it appears to be a let the city, after the reason, the country continued to survive, I think the arena culture is the survival of this country a kind of culture, because I understand, at the time of the world, only the law of the jungle, so allow yourself to become more powerful, so that it can gain a foothold in the world of war, not to perish, so the rulers built the Colosseum partly for entertainment, there is another important reason is that in order to consolidate their rule, do not let the enemy easy invasion.

古罗马斗兽场带给人们的不仅仅是娱乐和竞技的快感，它代表了当时的欧洲建筑艺术的最高水平，把古希腊的建筑风格继承并加以发展，最具意义的是它将两边的的半圆柱形合在一起，形成一个圆柱形，开创了一个新的建筑时代，留给我们很宝贵的建筑艺术与风格，可以让我们去学习，去鉴赏。

Ancient Roman Colosseum brings people is not only the entertainment and sports pleasure. It represents the European architectural art was the highest level, the architectural style of ancient Greece inheritance and development, the most significant is it will on both sides of the semi cylindrical together,

forming a cylindrical, ushered in a new era of building, left us very valuable architectural art and style, can let us to learn to appreciate.