建筑工程识图、审图要点(新手如何看建筑施工图)

建筑工程识图、审图要点(新手如何看建筑施工图) Construction engineering drawing, drawing points before the start of the project to map reading, drawing, and drawing. If you have experience in drawing, drawing and mastering some key points, you will get twice the result with half the effort. I would like to talk about my experience in drawing and checking for reference.

The knowledge map, drawing program is to be familiar with the project function, familiar with engineering, familiar with the plane size review review engineering facade dimensions in the construction drawing examination error prone parts have no error check for improvements.

First, familiar with the proposed project function drawings, hand in, first of all understand the function of this project is what, is the workshop or office building? Is it a shopping mall or a dormitory? Understand the functions, and then think of some basic dimensions and decoration, such as toilet ground floor tiles, usually for block dado, toilet, the balcony floor elevation generally low several centimeters in size; the workshop must meet the need of production, especially to meet the needs of equipment installation etc.. Finally read construction instructions, familiar with engineering decoration.

Two, familiar with and review the engineering plane size, construction plan, general plan has three sizes, the first size is detailed size, second sizes are between the axis size, third way size is the total size. The first check sum is equal to the size of second dimensions, second dimensions of the sum is equal

to third dimensions, and pay attention to whether the axis side wall center line, Guangdong province is used for drawing the exterior edge edge axis. Reading project plan size, first general Jianshi plan, then the general application of stratification plane graph, the last general hydropower

air-conditioning installation, equipment and process, second renovation construction drawings, check whether they are consistent. Be familiar with the floor size, check whether the use of the requirements, such as checking room layout is convenient to use, lighting, ventilation is good, etc.. When you look at the size of the next floor plan, check that there is no room for consistency from the previous floor.

Three, familiar with engineering construction, review the facade dimensions stude generally have elevation, elevation profile, staircase profile, the map size information engineering elevation plan, Jianshi; node application plan, also marked the general floor elevation; beam table, general beam surface elevation drawing of foundation; and other detail drawings, generally have a marked elevation. Through these construction drawings, you can master the facade dimensions of the project. There are usually three sizes of elevation. The first is the size of the window, the height of the door and window, and the second is the height of the floor, marked with elevation, and the third is the total height. The method of examination shall be the same as the size of the dimensions to be checked. Is the sum of the first dimensions equal to the second dimensions, and the sum of the second dimensions equal to the third dimension?. Check the elevation of each floor elevation and Jianshi plan whether the same, then check whether the facilities and application of node elevation elevation.

Each floor stude elevation and the corresponding floor elevation results stude should not be exactly the same, because the stude floor elevation is the project after the completion of the elevation and elevation in the floor structure of Stude elevation, not including the renovation of the height, elevation of Stude the same floor than the elevation of a few high results stude cm. This point needs special attention, because some construction plans, the construction of facilities in the high standard icon on the corresponding node stude, if not pay attention to, the construction will go wrong.

Familiar with the elevation, check the main doors and windows with the top elevation of the upper layer of the bottom elevation is consistent; check the staircase step size and the level of elevation is wrong, check the ladder beam under the vertical clearance size is greater than 2.1 meters, or meet phenomenon; when the middle layer exposed to Taiwan, check whether the ratio of terrace elevation indoor low; check the toilet and bathroom floor is a few centimeters low, if not, check whether the anti overflow measures; finally, air conditioning installation and hydropower equipment process, second renovation construction drawings combining, check the height of the building meets the function needs.

Four, check the construction plan error prone place, whether there is error, familiar with the construction project size, and then check the construction plan error prone place, whether the error, the main inspection content is as follows:

1, check whether the parapet concrete coping slopes towards the.

2. Check whether there is any beam under the brick wall.

3, the structure of the plane beam, in the beam table whether fully marked reinforcement.

4. Check whether the height of the main beam is lower than the height of the secondary beam.

5, beams, plates, columns in the same span, close, there is no big difference between reinforcement, if necessary, need to check.

6, when the beam and shear wall in the same line arrangement, check whether the width of the beam exceeds the thickness of the wall.

7, when the beam is supported in the shear wall and column side, check whether the beam center line parallel to or coincide with the axis, check whether there is no prominent wall or column outside Liang Kuan, if there is, should be submitted to the design process.

8, check by the minimum distance of reinforcement meets the acceptance requirements, when used in engineering Ribbed Rebar, as workers in steel processing, with rib surface bending, so the value should be the original diameter reinforced bar diameter and rib thickness of about 21mm.

9, check out the indoor patio doors are designed to check the structure of plane canopy, canopy center and the center line

of the door the coincidence of stude.

10, when the design requirements and construction acceptance specifications are different?. Such as column table often shows: column each side of less than 4, can overlap in the same section. But the construction acceptance specification requirements, the same section of steel lap area shall not exceed 50%.

11, check the description of the structure and structural plane, large beam column table content and that there is no Jianshi contradictory.

12, individual based two-way force force bars placed along the short side of the long side of the top reinforcement, whether the reinforcement drawing of foundation construction drawing in drawing the wrong check.

Five, check whether the original construction plans can be improved, mainly from the construction of the project, to ensure the quality of construction, to help the project beautiful three aspects of the original construction plans put forward suggestions for improvement.

1, from the point of view of project construction, the suggestion of improving construction drawing is put forward

Appear larger adjacent continuous beam will span structure plane, when the middle bearing negative moment reinforcement anchorage separately, will cause the beam column joints of reinforced concrete is too dense, difficult to be beaten, designers can suggest: negative reinforcement connected to

communication.

When the bearing negativereinforcement for long, causing a small span reinforced beam surface, Liang Kuan small is too dense, not rammed concrete, proposed under the premise of ensuring the negative reinforcement of the beam, try to keep the cross of Liang Kuan, only for the high beam adjusted for pouring concrete and communicated with gluten.

When the structure is complex,

The construction of a part of the structure is difficult to complete once, the design proposed: how to retain concrete construction joints?.

The surface elevation decreased after the dew, if the balcony middle beam, and the beam and which are communicated with the interior, beam reinforcement in reducing is bent or separately anchor, please design processing.

2, in favor of the quality of construction projects, proposed amendments to the construction drawings.

When the design of ceiling plastering and wall plastering is the same as 1:1:6 mortar, it may be recommended that the ceiling plastering be changed into 1:1:4 mixed mortar to increase the adhesive force.

When the construction plan does not indicate the waterproof construction requirements for the elevator pit, the toilet sink and the fire pool, it is suggested that the cement mortar

waterproof layer be added to the outer wall of the pit and the inner wall of the sink pool, so as to improve the waterproof quality.

3, in favor of architectural beauty, proposed improvement drawings

If there is outside the window and balcony parapet, check the parapet height is higher than the window, if is, is not beautiful, the proposed design process.

Check the color line exterior finishes is connected, if not connected, recommended to the inside of the corner close; when the outer and inner walls without obvious boundary, inquiry design, decorative wall extends to the interior wall where the most beautiful mouth, top and bottom wall surface with protruding parts as decorative wall.

When the column section size decreases gradually with the rise of the floor, if the column is protruding and the exterior wall becomes the decorative line of the facade, it is suggested that the column section of the protruding part should not be reduced in order to make the line width and width consistent.

When the column is arranged in the floor brick wall corner corner position, and less than 900, if the structure design is still using the square column, can be suggested according to the construction plane square to polygon column, so as to avoid the column corner outside the prominent wall, the impact of the use and appearance.

When the elevator lobby (room) on the left there is a prominent wall frame column is 10 ~ 20cm, check whether the right column highlights the same size, if not, suggest changes into symmetrical. According to the "familiar with the proposed project, familiar with functional review of engineering project review, familiar with the plane size of the facade dimensions in the construction drawing examination error prone parts have no error check place for improvement" program and ideas, will launch a comprehensive plan, drawing, drawing.

Novice how to see building construction plans?

1. The design of part structure construction drawing of the first step is to understand the construction drawing, construction of the building design is the leading professional, no other professional architectural design is not designed, so it is very important to understand construction drawings. On the whole construction drawing includes the following parts: list of drawings, window table, general description of building design, a layer of ~ the roof plan, elevation, back elevation, east west elevation, elevation, section (as the case, there are many), detail drawing and doors and windows, stairs drawing (visual function may have more than one stair and elevator). As a structure designer must be serious to building plans and again, do not know where to other professionals involved in building and building on the map please, to be absolutely clear design and construction of the intention.

2. Drawings, catalogues and window lists and drawings are catalogues of the whole building design,

From which it is clear that the number of drawings and the size of the drawing and the project number, as well as the main function of the building units and the entire building, and if the drawings and the actual directory drawings are different from each other, and construction must check. Windows and doors table, I believe we will not be unfamiliar, that is, doors and windows number, as well as doors and windows size and practices, which in everyone in the structure of the calculation of the load is essential.

3. General introduction of the architectural design of building design that is very important for the design of the structure, because the general introduction of the architectural design will be mentioned in many ways and many to be used in the structure design of data, such as: building location (structure is used to determine the fortification contained snow and wind load), the Yellow Sea (in order to calculate the elevation the size of the foundation and the depth of pile top elevation without the Yellow Sea elevation, construction), wall construction can not be ground floor practice practice practice practice and so on... (to determine the part load), short read architecture can not be sloppy, this is the design of the structure and the correctness of a very important link.

4. The construction plan construction plan is more intuitive, the main information is column layout and each layer function room wall arrangement position of doors and windows arranged stairs. A floor plan is not needed in the superstructure modeling (with the exception of overhead layer and basement), a floor plan is used in the base, as for how to really do not dwell on the structure design of this paper, here only to see

how the building construction plans. As an architect in view of plans at the same time, the need to consider the arrangement of column construction is reasonable, inappropriate should tell the reason of building modifications, usually does not affect the building function and the effect on the modification, the building will also accept the amendment, if the building does not change it only got from others (is the boss, not the way, look at the construction plan...), to understand the function of each part of the building, basically the structure of the heart is roughly the live load value, understanding of the column and wall window layout, column section size and Liang Gao beam layout is almost open, there must have the following wall beam, unless Party A is take care of the light wall partition, is also the best standing on the bridge. It is worth mentioning that, look at the roof plan, usually in order to modern building facade effect, have The surface structure, usually more complex, need to carefully understand the idea of building the necessary time consulting or asking for the building renderings, 3D form to make myself understand the whole frame is what it looks like, so that it will not go wrong.. in addition, the level of structure is to find the slope or sloping buildings also need to understand clearly.

5. The building elevation of building elevation, is on the building facade description, mainly is the appearance of the effect, to provide the information structure of the division, is the main window elevation layout and vertical layout and facade decoration materials and changes in the bump on the facade. Usually, the place of the cable is the change of the surface, that is the information of height and so on, and this is also the data that determines the load of the structure.

6. Building construction profile section is the role of the local section cannot be expressed clearly in plan and elevation to express cutting treatment on building interior architects, structural engineers can get more accurate information and high local level changes in the profile,

Profile information directly determines the cutting beam at the floor level relative to the sinking or lift, or staggered beam or sandwich beams, columns etc.. The window is the top beam as a lintel lintel or the need to have a clear idea.

7. Detail and the architect for the doors and windows like the practice more clear of the building, in order to facilitate the construction personnel to understand their design intent, the need for complex node drawing details to illustrate the detailed practice, not only through the node graph to better understand the architect's idea, but also to analyze node drawing is reasonable whether, in the structure, then by calculating the size of each component checking is enough, with a reinforced. Of course, some nodes don't need the engineer's reinforcement, but the architect also needs to make sure that the node can be implemented in the entire structure. The doors and windows like the division structure effect is not too big, but the individual special doors and windows, structure of the division needs to draw the lintel layout on the facade, in order to facilitate the construction personnel of this kind of special shape lintels have a set of practices, to avoid the error occurred on the understanding of the construction personnel.

8. Drawing a large staircase staircase is essential to every part of the multilayer building, a part is also very important, the sample is divided into the stairs stairs floor and staircase profile, the structure division also requires careful analysis of each part of the staircase, is able to form a whole, when calculating the stairs, the stairs like map is the only basis, all calculation data are obtained by drawing a large staircase, so look at the stairs when the drawing must be ladder beam, slab thickness and stair structure considered clear.