阅读理解专项训练一

阅读理解专题训练

一、细节题（多出现在AB篇阅读中）

此类题主要考查学生对相关信息的识别能力，旨在考查学生对短文的关键词句、某个具体事实、具体情节或特定的细节是否注意和理解。

解题技巧：划出题干中的关键词，标出处，明答案

划出题干中的关键词，明确问题；在文章中相关事实细节处做上相应的记号，以便我们对照具体细节题目，印证文章细节，提高解题的准确率。

二、猜测词义题：一般命题方式有三种：猜词义、猜短语意思、猜句子的意思

其主要提问方式有：

(1) The word “… ” in the passa ge probably

means ________.

(2) The underlined phrase “…” in the passage

refers to _______.

(3) What’s the meaning of the underlined word “…”

(4) Here “it” means________.

(5) What does the word/phrase/sentence“…” mean?

解题思路及技巧

返回原文，找到该划线部分。正确答案常蕴藏在原文该词出现前后。

结合上下文，理解该划线部分词、短语或句子的意思

可根据前后的比较对照关系、对它的定义以及举例等进行猜测。也可以利用同义词、反义词以及构词法等进行猜测。同时关注句子之间的逻辑关系，根据并列、转折、因果等关系找到答案。

重点抓字面含义，不要进行归纳、演绎、推理。

1. 通过因果关系猜词

借助关联词：如because，as，since，for，so，thus（因此，从而），as a result，

of course，therefore（因此，所以）……

2. 通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词

1) 同义词※and 或or 连接的词 e.g. happy and gay

※解释过程中使用的同义词

2）反义词※表转折关系的连词或副词，如but，while，however,yet等

※与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语

He is so homely，not as handsome as his brother.

3. 通过构词法猜词

4. 通过定义或释义关系来推测词义

5. 通过描述猜词

实例分析：

1) (大兴一摸）Be thankful and simple. Make sure you thank the important people who helped you reach your goal. Don’t be too arrogant or full of yourself but don’t be so modest(谦逊的) that the audience(观众) thinks you are looking down upon the honor. It’s only natural to be a litt le excited, so use this to get on well with the audience. At this year’s Oscars, The King’s Speech director Tom Hooper told the story of how he only came to make the movie thanks to the help of his Australian mother, who was in the audience.

1)The underlin ed word “arrogant” may mean ______.

A. honest

B. relaxed

C. excited

D. self-centered

2)Daily habits like eating more healthy food would have kept millions of families from becoming bankrupt（破产）if the patients had taken ways for early prevention. For example, keeping a balanced diet（均衡饮食）, such as not consuming too much animal fat and trying to have enough vegetables and fruits, seems to be quite important.

2)What’s the meaning of the underlined word “consuming” in Paragraph 2?

A. Avoiding.

B. Producing.

C. Eating.

D. Cooking.

3)You may have noticed that the world’s population is not evenly distributed(分布) around our planet.There are some countries where people seem to be living nearly on top of each other because conditions are overcrowded. Then there are others where it seems that hardly anybody lives.What influences this unequal distribution of people?Thereare specific advantage and disadvantage of living in a certain area.

3) The underlined part “on top of ” in the first paragraph most likely means“______”.

A.very close to

B.on the highest part of

C.in control of

D.on the surface of

4) Standing in line at a shop counter, you can learn about space. People keep just enough distance between each other so that they don’t i nvade(侵犯) each other’s area. If you should move in on another person’s area, you would soon know it. That person would become nervous or turn around to show you the angry expression on his or her face. Or that person might simply tell you, “Please step back. I’m too crowded.”

4)What does the last sentence “Please step back. I’m too crowded” mean?

A. Go away or I am leaving.

B. You take all my area as yours.

C. Come and see I am here.

D. You’re standing too close to me.

5) Tanni's huge success had been part motivation (动机) , part preparation, "The training I do that enables me to be a good sprinter (短跑运动员) enables me to be good at a marathon too.

I train 50 weeks of the year and that keeps me prepared for whatever distance I want to see--- I am still competing at a very high level, but as I get older, things get harder and I want to retire before I fall apart（崩溃）. "

5)The underlined word "that" in the 5th paragraph refers to ______.

A. fifty weeks' training

B. being a good sprinter

C. training almost every day

D. part motivation and part preparation

6)（2009年中考）

Doctors andother scientists who study the human mind and try to explain why people behave in the way that do, called psychologists, are startingto believe it. You know that your brain is connected to every part of your body through your nervous system(神经系统).Now scientists have proved that how you think and feel can have an influence on the health of your body.

55. A psychologist is a person who may help you with your ______.

A. illness and abilities

B. thoughts and behaviour

C. mind and nervous system

D. physical activity and daily exercise

实战演练：

1)Someof them are even found playing the game at work. Because of this, some player have been fired by their boss.

1)The word “fire” means ____in the underlined sentence.

A.火

B.雇用

C.解雇

D.着火

2)I found myself telling her everything about the accident, my fears for my family as a result of my injuries (伤)—about my whole life. While I waited for an ambulance to take me to another hospital, she stood by my bed and held my hand as I off-loaded all the emotion I’d hidden from my family. She listened, quiet and patient.

2)The underlined word “off-loaded” means____________in the passage.

A. spoke out

B. put down

C. showed off

D. turned over

3) （2012丰台）The program was started by Deng Fei, a journalist at the Phoenix Weekly (《凤凰周刊》). Early this year, Deng met Xiao Yu, a primary school teacher from Guizhou, and was told that students in Xiao’s school didn’t have lunch to eat. Instead, they drank water to lessen their hunger.

54. In Paragraph 2, the word “lessen” best means _____ in the context.

A. giving a lesson

B. stopping the feeling of thirst

C. making the feeling of hunger smaller

D. stopping the feeling of hunger

4)（昌平一摸）Today technology has completely changed sports. Take sports equipment for example. Electronic eyes hanging at the starting lines, together with digital cameras, could catch correct race time and also help to catch runners who “jump the gun”. As runn ers cross the finishing line, special digital cameras can also easily decide the winner. The days of “dead heats” are gone.

4)The underlined phrase “dead heats” means __________.

A.sports equipment which was out of date

B.runners who jumped the gun while running

C.diseases which killed runners in hot weather

D.races in which runners finished at the same time

5)One bright morning I decided to clean my flat, including washing the window inside. Late in the afternoon when I finished the cleaning, I sat down by the window with a cup of coffee for a rest. What a surprise! Across the way, the woman sitting by her window was clearly visible(可见的). Her window was clean!

Then it dawned on me. I had been criticizing(批评)her dirty window, but all the time I was watching hers through my own dirty window.

5)“It dawned on me” probably means “_______”.

A. I began to understand it

B. it cheered me up

C. I knew it grew light

D. it began to get dark

6) Traveling by train is slower than by plane, but it has its advantages (优势). You can see the countries you are traveling through. Modem trains have comfortable seats and dinning-cars. They make even the longest journey enjoyable.

6)The underlined word "They" in the passage refers to______.

A. modem train in the country

B. comfortable seats and dinning-cars

C. the travels on the modem trains

D. the slower ways of traveling

7)(2012年中考)Reading Oliver James'Affluenza,I thought about what often happens at home.My 12-year-ole daughter is in tears."I have so take a test tomorrow.I don't understand any of it,"she cries out.After shouting and shutting her door,she calms down enough to go through her notes.The following dry I ask her how the test went and the just says"OK,I got a nine". "Wow.well done!"I say,before she finishes with "But I never get a ten!"

According to James,this obsession with getting top marks has been a bad development,which encourages people to think of education in terms of work and money.To test this,I asked my daughter why she was so worried about her tests.She looked at me as if I was thick."Well,if I don't get good grades,I won't be able to afford nice things like a car and stuff."

57.What does the word "obsession"in paragraph 3 mean?

A.A plain and unavoidable fact.

B.A satisfied and very proud state.

C.A practical and widely-used way.

D.A fixed and often unreasonable idea.

8)（2010年中考）These are the steps to follow when you are reading something difficult:

★ 1. Start to read normally until you run into a sentence that doesn't make sense to you.

★ 2. When a sentence doesn't make sense, go back and read it again more slowly.

★ 3. Look for any word you don't know in the sentence. Try to understand their meanings using word parts and context clues(上下文线索). If necessary, look them up in the dictionary.

★ 4. Look at the next few sentences to see if they explain more about the sentence you are working on. Do not read very much farther ahead until you understand what is being said.

★ 5. Finally, read the sentence again. Try to put it into simpler words.

★ 6. Read through the passage once. Try to understand all the hard parts well. Then read the whole passage once more at a usual speed. This helps you to put all ideas together.

54. The underlined phrase "run into" means ___________.

A. work out

B. come across

C. look into

D. pass by