2019年高考英语知识点总结总复习 名词
专题五名词
题组1 常见名词后缀
1.[2017甲卷(全国Ⅱ),69]This development was only possible with the (introduce) of
electric-powered engines and lifts.
2.[2016乙卷(全国Ⅰ),61]But for tourists like me, pandas are its top (attract).
3.[2016丙卷(全国Ⅲ),48]Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the (develop) of chopsticks.
4.[2015江苏,32]Some schools will have to make (adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.
5.[2014湖北,21]Her (motivate) for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.
6.[2013江西,22]Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with (patient).
题组2 名词的数
7.[2017乙卷(全国Ⅰ),62]This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界)...has had some unintended side (effect) such as overweight and heart disease — the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
8.[2017丙卷(全国Ⅲ),47]She has turned down several (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.
9.[2016甲卷(全国Ⅱ),66]Recent (study) show that we are far more productive at work ...
10.[2017乙卷(全国Ⅰ)改错]The instructor kept repeating the word, "Speed up!" "Slow down!"
11.[2016丙卷(全国Ⅲ)改错]The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me.
12.[2015新课标全国Ⅰ改错]The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.
A组基础题
A单句填空
13.[2018 全国名校第二次大联考,68]I would never make the (associate) until that day.
14.[2018 湖北重点高中联考协作体期中考试,64]It was the moment that continuously inspired her to bring great happiness and (excite) to her students...
15.[2018 河南八市高三第二次测评,64]It is not new — the basic (principle) have been understood since the early 19th century.
16.[2018 湖南浏阳第二、五、六三校联考,69]I felt in both my (pocket)for the keys:They were not there.
17.[2018 山东实验中学二诊,64]I have noticed how the music changes one’s view,and I am thankful for the way musicians work to the best of their (able) to provide music for their audience.
18.[2018贵州黔东南州第一次联考,64]The Great Wall has a history of more than 2,000 (year).
19.[2018华大新高考联盟教学质量测评,64]One punctuation mark can make a big (differ).
20.[2018甘肃天水三中第二次段考,65]I obviously had made the wrong (choose) because the next morning I woke only a short while before sunrise.
21.[2018福建福州综合质量检测,68]The snake’s defense inspired him to create a set of 72 movements, which used (soft) and power from inside to defeat violent force.
22.[2018江西赣州十四县市期中联考,69]She took me from a poor, unhappy college student and brought me into her world: a world of smiles, love and (warm).
23.[2017河南重点中学高三联考,69]Actually, it was a hidden camera experiment by Norwegian charity SOS Children’s Village as part of their winter campaign to collect (donate) to help Syrian children get through the winter.
24.[2017湖南长沙长郡中学高三调研,63]But much like other sports events, a lot of professional (compete)rule the triathlon world.
25.[2017河南八市高三质检,65]Choosing what places to visit in Dubai is difficult, because even the hotels there are also amazing (attract).
26.[2017广东珠海高三调研,4]A few of the parents seem to go out of their way t o add to their children’s
(difficult).
27.[2016河北"五个一名校联盟"高三教学监测,68]Actually with my (confident) built up, I now turn out to be a great speaker.
B单句改错
28.[2018河南豫南豫北名校精英联赛]The second problem is making friend.
29.[2018湖北鄂南高中、华师一附中、黄冈中学等八校联考]There are many kinds of activity for us to take part in.
30.[2018湖南衡阳联考]First, smoking is bad for one’s healthy.
31.[2018安徽知名示范高中质量检测]Lacking exercises, I thought that this activity was a great challenge for me.
32.[2018河南洛阳期中考试]Everyone decided to donate some biscuits and little blanket for the animals.
33.[2018山东实验中学二诊]That surely gave us a great sense of achievements.
34.[2018湖南益阳、湘潭调研]On the one hand, it stands straight and stays green all the years around, so it’s always ful l of life.
35.[2018福建福州综合质量检测]Most people directly link senior high school life with plenty of stress and endless homeworks.
36.[2018黑龙江大庆四校联考]By the way, after the contest, I am to drop in at your universities to visit you.
37.[2017山西重点中学高三期中联考]China created 10.67 million new jobs in the first nine month of 2016.
38.[2017江西六校高三联考]Last year there was a piano competition for teenager in my city and I took part in it.
39.[2017吉林实验中学高三模拟]When I was a very young children, my father created a regular practice I remember well years later.
40.[2016江西九江一中高三模拟]The most important rules of learning English is, "Don’t be afraid of making mistakes."
B组提升题
A专项语篇型填空(名词)
Look at this photo. Lucy went on her trip to the 1 (mountain)! She’s really a born 2 (beautiful), isn’t she? Well, I’m just telling the 3 (true). She once told me that she usually put cucumber slices on her face, those little greenish 4 (thing). Haven’t you heard they say on TV that cucumbers soften the skin, wipe out the 5 (rough) and build 6 (strong)? Yeah! They wipe out tight, tired feelings and remove lines and age 7 (sign).
As for me, I have a 8 (prefer)for a walk in the open. For one thing, the fresh air can help me get rid of those negative 9 (feel), thus making me refreshed for the day’s work again.
Actually, staying energetic and keeping beautiful are a 10 (necessary) for us in our career. Being energetic, we can pace ourselves and work more efficiently. Staying young with good looks, we’ll be more confident in our daily work.
B语法填空
[2018洛阳尖子生联考]I have never liked my English name. My parents didn’t know that Cindy was short for Cynthia, or that Cindy Brady was the Cindy of the moment. They 61 (choose) it because it sounds like my Chinese name, Shin-tzer.
My name isn’t full of flowers like most Chinese girls’ names. My grandfather wanted me to have
62 (strong) of character, not mere physical beauty. "Cindy" seems colorless by comparison. It’s just
a couple of syllables that sound good together.
I grew up 63 (speak) English and eating with a fork. Yet the customs about names are extremely 64 (tradition), down to our use of an ancient naming poem.
Most Chinese names are 65 of a kind, a coupling of two words out of thousands of possibilities expressing the family’s hopes for the child. It was March when my brother and his wife 66 (expect) their second boy. The emails began to fly as we conferred about the baby’s Chinese name. My brother’s wife is Korean, so the name had to sound good 67 Korean, too. One thing was certain — his name would contain the word "shi", or "world", 68 can also mean "generation". We are on the 69 (six) word of a couplet that my family has used to name its 70 (son) for generations.
C短文改错
[2018惠州高三第一次调研]Last Friday, we were having our class while our teacher Miss Li suddenly slipped and fall on the ground. All the students were concern about her. Helped by some students, I carried her on back to the clinic immediately. Her left leg was turned out to be broken and she had to stay in hospital for half a month. The following day, we paid a visit for her with flowers and fruits. See her leg wrapped in bandage, all of us felt sorry for her, hoping she would recover soon. Unexpectedly, only five days late, Miss Li returned to the class on a wheelchair to give us lessons. We were deep moved, all rising to applaud her.
答案
专题五名词
题组1 常见名词后缀
1.introduction 考查词性转换。由前面的定冠词the可知,其后应接名词,又introduction作"引进"讲时,为不可数名词。故填introduction。
2.attraction 考查词性转换。句意:但对于像我这样的游客,熊猫是其最吸引人的事物。由形容词性物主代词its以及形容词top可知,此处应该填动词attract的名词单数形式attraction,意为"吸引人之物"。
3.development 考查词性转换。根据空前的"the"及空后的"of"可知,此处应填develop的名词形式development。
4.adjustments 句意:为了与国家的足球改革保持一致,一些学校将不得不作出调整。空处作make的宾语,故用提示词adjust的名词形式adjustment"调整,适应";又根据句意可知此处应用名词复数。
5.motivation 句意:她写作的动力是为妇女争取到接受高等教育权利的愿望。根据句意可知,这里用motivation,表示"动力,动机"。
6.patience 句意:无论什么时候我犯了错,老师总是耐心地把它们指出来。patience"耐心",with patience"耐心地",为固定搭配,符合句意。
题组2 名词的数
7.effects 考查名词的单复数。此处表示"产生了一些意想不到的副作用"。根据空前的"some"及空后的"such as overweight and heart disease"可知,此处指不止一种副作用,故用复数形式effects。
8.invitations 考查名词的单复数。invitation是可数名词,前面有several修饰,要用复数形式,故填invitations。
9.studies 考查名词的单复数。分析句子结构可知,谓语动词为show,主语应为复数。故填studies。
10.word→words。考查名词的单复数。根据下文可知,教练一直在重复那些话,故用word的复数形式words。
11.year→years 考查名词的单复数。从13岁至19岁不止有一年,此处为复数概念,故用years。
12.airs→air air为不可数名词,因此把airs改为air。
A组基础题
A单句填空
13.association 提示词为动词,设空处位于冠词之后,故应填其名词形式,构成短语make the association"联系起来"。
14.excitement 设空处前有and,与happiness是并列关系,故此处应用提示词的名词形式与happiness保
持一致,应在excite后加-ment。
15.principles 它已经不新鲜了,这个基本原理早在19世纪早期就为人们所了解了。根据空前的the basic
后缺主语判断应为名词,再结合空后的have可知,此处应用复数形式,principle的复数形式是直接加-s。
16.pockets 我从我的两个口袋里摸钥匙,都没有。根据句中的both my可知,这里表示两个口袋,用名词的
复数形式。
17.ability/abilities 此处表示音乐家的能力,应用提示词able的名词形式ability,而ability单复数形式均可表示才能,故填ability/abilities。
18.years 空前有数词"2,000",故应用years。
19.difference make a difference为固定搭配,表示"有影响,起作用"。动词differ需要变为其名词形式。
20.choice make the wrong choice意为"作出了错误的选择"。choose的名词形式是choice,并不是通过加前缀、后缀得来的,而是属于特殊的词形变化。
21.softness 并列连词and后面是名词power,前面也应该用名词。soft的名词是加后缀-ness,在此为不可数名词。
22.warmth "一个充满微笑、爱和温暖的世界",根据空前的smiles和love可知此处要用名词。warm的名词是加后缀-th,在此为不可数名词。
23.donations 语境表示这个冬季活动是为帮助叙利亚的儿童过冬而开展的募捐,本空用提示词的名词形式donation作宾语,再由上文的collect可知,此处应填donations(募捐物),collect donations是习惯用法,表示"
募捐"。
https://www.360docs.net/doc/cc14749413.html,petitors 根据语境的a lot of和professional可知本空用提示词的名词形式competitor表示"参赛者",动词rule决定要用复数形式。
25.attractions 本空填提示词的名词形式attraction作表语,而语境表示甚至那些旅馆都是吸引人的地方,因此用复数形式。
26.difficulty/difficulties 语境表示有些父母似乎要千方百计地给孩子增加困难,本空用提示词的名词形式,
此处不可数名词和名词复数均可表示困难。
27.confidence 由形容词性物主代词my可知,此处应用名词形式,即confidence。
B单句改错
28.friend→friends 句意:第二个问题是交朋友。make friends交朋友,为固定搭配,故把friend改为friends。
29.activity→activities 根据句中的many kinds of可知,应用可数名词activity的复数形式。
30.healthy→health 吸烟有害健康,因前面有名词所有格修饰,故应用名词形式health。
31.exercises→exercise exercise用作"锻炼"时为不可数名词,故没有复数形式。
32.blanket→blankets 此处表示一些"小毯子",故用复数。
33.achievements→achievement achievement在此处为不可数名词,a sense of achievement意为"成就感"。
34.years→year 考查固定搭配。all the year round意为"全年"。
35.homeworks→homework homework为不可数名词。
36.universities→university "你的大学"是一所,用单数。
37.month→months 语境说"前九个月",因此这里用复数名词months。
38.teenager→teenagers teenager 是可数名词,此处是说城市里的青少年,应该用复数形式,故把teenager 改为teenagers。
39.children→child 因为上文有不定冠词a,所以这里用单数,指"一个小孩子"。故把children改为child。
40.rules→rule 主句谓语用了单数,故语境叙述的是一条建议,因此主语部分用"The most important+单数名词"。
B组提升题
A专项语篇型填空(名词)
本文讲述说话人如何保持心态年轻和保养自己,并说明这样做的好处。
1.mountains 根据语境可知此处表示"去山里旅行",常用mountain的复数来表示。
2.beauty 本空提示词在句中作表语,并且有冠词修饰,表示"一个天生的美人",故用提示词的名词形式beauty。
3.truth 这里用提示词的名词形式truth表示"事实,真相",符合语境。tell the truth表示"讲实话"。
4.things 与前面的修饰语those呼应,little意为"小",而不是"少",这里用提示名词的复数形式things表示复
数含义。
5.roughness 本空在句中作宾语,用提示词的名词形式roughness表示"粗糙"。
6.strength 这里用提示词的名词形式strength表示"强度,力量"。
7.signs 从语境的含义看,这里表示"消除那些皱纹和年迈的迹象",sign作"迹象"为可数名词,signs符合语境。
8.preference 这里用提示词的名词形式preference表示"偏爱,爱好"。至于我,我偏爱在户外散步。
9.feelings 本空用提示词的名词形式feeling表示"感觉",those决定用复数形式,feelings"情感"。
10.necessity 考查名词。设空处谓语冠词a之后,再结合句意可知,此处应填necessary的名词单数形式necessity。
B语法填空
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过叙述自己名字的由来及成长经历,介绍了中国人起名的特点及寓意。
61.chose 考查时态。父母为作者起名字发生在过去,所以此处用一般过去时。
62.strength 考查名词。作者的祖父想让作者意志力坚强。have在此处为实义动词,意为"有",后跟名词作
宾语。
63.speaking 考查非谓语动词。作者是讲英语和用叉子吃饭长大的。此处的主语I与动词speak之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,故填speaking。另外,后面的并列成分"and eating"也为提示。
64.traditional 考查形容词。然而关于名字的风俗是非常传统的。此处应用形容词作表语。
65.ones 考查代词。根据下文中的"a coupling of two words out of thousands of possibilities expressing the family’s hopes for the child"的提示可知,此处为泛指,且与下文中的"two words"相呼应,所以此处用代词one的复数形式,指代names。
66.were expecting 考查时态。那是在三月份的时候,作者的哥哥和他的妻子一直期待着他们第二个儿子的出生。此处叙述的是发生在过去的事情,应用过去时态,且表示过去某一阶段持续的动作,故用过去进行时。
67.in 考查介词。表示用某种语言用介词in。
68.which 考查定语从句。此处用which引导非限制性定语从句,且在从句中作主语,修饰先行词"the word ‘shi’, or ‘world’"。
69.sixth 考查序数词。此处表示第六个字。故应用序数词,表示"第六个"。
70.sons 考查名词复数。此处指给祖祖辈辈的子孙起名。根据语境可知,此处应用复数。
C短文改错
我们的李老师摔伤了,几天后坐着轮椅给我们上课,大家都非常感动。
1.while→when 考查固定句型。be doing sth. when...表示"正在做某事,这时(突然)……"。故将while改为when。
2.fall→fell 考查动词的时态。根据上文中的"Last Friday"可知,该处陈述的是过去发生的事情,故用一般过去时。
3.concern→concerned 考查固定用法。be concerned about sb.意为"担心某人"。故将concern改为concerned。
4.on后加my或者the 考查固定搭配。on one’s/the back意为"在某人的背上"。
5.删除leg后的was 考查动词语态。此处turn out为系动词,意为"结果是,证明是",无被动语态,故删除was。
6.for→to 考查介词。pay a visit to是固定搭配,意为"拜访,参观,访问"。故将for改为to。
7.See→Seeing 考查非谓语动词。看到她的腿上裹着绷带,我们都为她感到难过,希望她快点康复。分析该句结构可知,主语和动词see之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,该处作状语,设空和felt几乎同时发生,故用现在分词的一般式。
8.bandage→bandages 考查名词复数。bandage为可数名词,其前没有限定词修饰,故应将bandage改为bandages。
https://www.360docs.net/doc/cc14749413.html,te→later 考查副词。未曾料到的是,五天后李老师坐着轮椅回到班级给我们上课了。later作副词,意为"
很深地"。deep作副词讲时表具体的"深"。
高考英语名词知识点综合练习(1)
高考英语名词知识点综合练习(1) 一、选择题 1．The system has been meant to give students quick and easy ________ to the digital resources of the library. A．access B．passage C．way D．approach 2．Lao Gan Ma is the best chilli sauce in China. The company built up its________by constantly providing high-quality products at a relatively low price. A．reputation B．campaign C．appetite D．occupation 3．I suggest you apply for membership. Members can get a 15% ____________. A．discount B．dictation C．favor 4．Anyone who is in ________ of weapons without permission is considered law-breaking. A．command B．control C．charge D．possession 5．Enough of it! Nobody here thinks what you are saying should make any ________. A．excuse B．sense C．use D．value 6．A huge was lifted from my shoulders when I told my parents about my problems. A．burden B．risk C．hole D．disaster 7．Timoteo has an unusual job — he is a human traffic _________. A．sign B．signal C．mark D．symbol 8．—In spring, hens start laying eggs again, bringing a welcome source of protein. —It is ____ that lots of cultures celebrate spring by honoring the egg! A．no doubt B．no surprise C．no way D．no need 9．The ________ went extremely well, with almost all of the audience requesting further information about our 5G products. A．conservation B．imagination C．presentation D．qualification 10．If violence is not kept in check by bringing the guilty to ____, matters will go beyond what the public can tolerate. A．equality B．justice C．regulation D．liberation 11．The two neighbouring countries reached a（an） ______ on their boundary problem eventually. A．Accumulation.B．compensation C．accommodation D．ambition 12．As we all know, there is a close ______ between diet and health. A．connection B．evidence C．power D．belief 13．To those of you who received honors, awards, and ____, I say, well done. And to the average students, I say, you, too, can be President of the United States. A．distinctions B．contributions C．solutions D．attractions 14．People’s____of life has greatly improved since the reform and opening-up policy(政策)was carried out in China. A．quantity B．quality C．activity D．reality 15．During the early ____________of planetary evolution, they served to sweep the solar system. A．stages B．journeys C．species D．demands
高考英语专题一名词
考点一名词 名 词 一、可数名词单数变复数的规则 1.规则变化 规则例词 一般情况下,在词尾直接加-s book—books cap—caps tree—trees 以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词,在词尾加-es glass—glasses box—boxes watch—watches brush—brushes
2.不规则变化
注意:1.fish的“数” ?
2.penny的复数形式 ? 2 pennies ? 2 pence 3.hair的“数” ? ?
4.people指“人”时是person的一种复数形式,指“民族”时其复数形 式为peoples。 one person一个人two people两个人 a people一个民族two peoples两个民族 二、名词所有格 1. 加-'s词尾的规则 2.用法 （1）用于表来人或其他有生命的名词。表示所有关系类别用途、目的或起源。Is this Mr. Black's ofie? 这是布莱克先生的办公室吗? I took over my father's company last year.我是去年接管我父亲的公司的。children's bookstore儿童书店 (2)用于表示时间距离、价格等的名词。 Have you read today's newspaper?你读今天的报纸了吗? We're going to have a six weeks' summer vacation.我们将有一-个为期六个星期的暑假。
It's only half an hour's drive from here to the nearesthospital. 从这里到最近的医院开车仅有半小时的路程。 I bought 100 dollars' worth of books.我买了100美元的书。 (3)表示国家、城市、天体等的名词常用- 's结构。 China's industry 中国的工业 the ciy' enironment这座城市的环境the earth's suface地球的表面 (4)用以构成不同的节日。 April Fo's Day愚人节Children'sDay儿童节 Mothe's Day母亲节Teaches Day教师节 (5)用来表示店铺、医院、学校、住宅及公共建筑时，名词所有格后常常不出现它所修饰的名词。 at the barber's (shop)在理发店at Dick's (home)在迪克家 at the Whites' ( home )在怀特家里at the doctor's ( ffice)在医院at the tailor's ( shop)在裁缝店 (6)-'s用于学位中。 a Bachelor's degree学土学位 a master's degree硕士学位 a doctor's degree博士学位 (7)有时为了避免重复，可以单独使用-'s所有格，在句中相当于名词My views are quite different from my father's.我的观点与我父亲的非常不同。 My camera is the same as Ron's.我的照相机和罗恩的一样。 (8)由and连接的两个或多个名词，表示共同拥有时，只将最后一个名词变为所有格形式;如果是各自所有，则每个名词都要变成所有格 Jonh and Mary’s school Jonh’s and Mary’s schools (9)不定代词后加else,在else后加“-'s” somebody else's possessions 3.of所有格
高考英语语法知识点总结
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高考英语新名词知识点知识点总复习(3)
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高中英语知识点总结版集团文件发布号：（9816-UATWW-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DQQTY-
【2018高考】英语超重点学习营 课前资料 目录： 一、重点单词 二、重点词组 三、高级词汇 四、词组固定搭配 五、高级句型结构 六、过去完成时概念 七、阅读理解解题指导 一、重点单词 1.able 用法：be able to do Note: 反义词unable表示不能，而disabled表示残疾的。 be able to do可以表示经过艰难困苦才能做到的事。 2.abroad 用法：表示到（在）国外，是一个副词，前面不加介词。 Note: 可以说from abroad, 表示从国外回来。 3.admit 用法：表示承认的时候后面要加上动名词形式。Note: 表示允许进入的时候与介词to搭配。 4.advise 用法：advise sb. to do; advise doing Note: 后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。即：advise that sb. (should) do的形式。 5.afford 用法：通常与动词不定式搭配使用。 Note: 前面需要有be able to或can等词。 6.after 用法：表示在时间、空间之后；be after表示追寻。
Note: 用在将来时的时候后面接一时间点，而in接一个时间段，如：after 3 o’clock; in 3 days. 7.agree 用法：与介词on, to, with及动词不定式搭配。 Note: agree on表示达成一致；agree to 表示批准；agree with表示同意某人说的话。 8.alive 用法：表语性形容词，在句中只能作表语，不能作定语。 Note: 可以作状语使用，表示活活地，如：bury sb. alive. 9.allow 用法：allow doing; allow sb. to do Note: 可以表示允许进入，如：Please allow me in. 10.among 用法：用在三者或三者以上的群体中。 Note: 还可以表示其中之一，如：He is among the best. 11.and 用法：用于连接两个词、短语、句子或其他相同结构。Note: 与祈使句搭配时往往可以表示条件。如：Work hard, and you’ll succeed sooner or later. 12.another 用法：表示又一个，泛指，相当于one more的含义。 Note: 不能直接加复数名词，需要与一个数词搭配，如：another 2 weeks. 13.answer 用法：及物动词，但在作名词时要与介词to搭配。 Note: 可以表示接电话、应门等。如：answer the phone/door. 14.anxious 用法：be anxious for/about/to do Note: be anxious about表示担心；be anxious for表示盼望得到。 15.appear 用法：不及物动词，没有宾语，没有被动语态。 Note: 还可以作为系动词，与seem同义，表示看起来……。 16.arrive 用法：arrive at表示到一个小地方；arrive in表示到一个大地方。Note: 引申含义表示得出，如：arrive at a decision/conclusion.
高考英语考点总结精选
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