09货代英语unit10翻译

一、海运运费率的类型 (考试重点)

1-1 课文： Ocean freight rates may be broadly divided into tramp rates and liner freight rates.

注释：freight rate: 海运运费率 broadly: 广泛，宽广地，大致上地divide into: 分为，分成 tramp rate: 不定期船运费率 liner freight rate: 班轮运输费率

课文意思：海运运费费率可大致上分成不定期船运费率和班轮运费率。

1. 不定期船费率

特点：

课文：Tramp rates fluctuate with market conditions of supply and demand. In a boom period, the tramp rates rise; in a period of recession, they decline.

不定期船费率随航运市场的供求关系而波动。在市场繁荣时期，不定期船费率上升，在市场萧条时期，费率下降(注释：fluctuate:变动，波动，涨落 boom: 繁荣 recession: 不景气，萧条)]

2.班轮运输费率

特点：

课文：Liner freight rates are fixed by shipping conferences and other liner operators; they are related more to the costs of operation and remain comparatively steady over a period of time. 班轮运费率由班轮公会和其他的班轮营运人确定;他们多与营运成本密切相关，在一定时期内保持相对稳定。(注释：fixed: 固定的，确定的 shipping conference: 班轮公会 liner operator: 班轮营运人 comparatively: 比较地，相当地 steady: 稳定的，稳固的，坚定的 over a period of time: 在一定时期内 )

二、班轮运费费用的范围 (考试重点)

2-1 课文：Freight forwarders are mainly concerned with liner freight rates.

注释：mainly: 大体上，主要地 be concerned with: 和…有关

课文意思：货运代理主要涉及班轮运费率。

2-2 课文：Although the principles on which the liner freight rates are fixed have not been clarified by shipping conferences or operators,

it is evident that the cost of providing such services will cover actual costs and a margin of profit.

注释：although: 尽管，虽然 principle: 原则，法则，原理 clarify: 澄清，阐明 evident: 明显的，显然的 actual: 实际的，真实的，现行的，目前的 margin: 利润，(时间、金额的)富余 profit: 利润，益处，得益

课文意思：尽管班轮公会或班轮经营人对班轮费率的确定原则并不公开，但是很显然，提供班轮服务的运输成本应包括实际运输成本和利润额度。

2-3 课文：The total costs of providing the services consist of fixed costs and variable costs.

注释：total: 总的，全部的，整个的 consist of: 由…组成 fixed cost: 固定成本 variable cost: 可变成本 (variable: 可变的，不定的，易变的)

课文意思：这些服务的全部费用由固定成本和可变成本两个部分组成。

1. 固定成本包含的费用

1) cost of officers and crew 船员的工资 (officer: 船长 crew: 全体船员)

2) insurance 保险

3) repairs and maintenance 维修和保养费(repair: 维修，修理maintenance: 维护，保养)

4) stores 物料费 (stores: 物料)

5) administrative costs 管理费用 (administrative: 管理的，行政的)

6) interests and depreciation 利息以及折旧 (interest: 利息，利益depreciation: 折旧，贬值，减价，跌落)

2.可变成本包含的费用

1) cost of fuel 燃料费 (fuel: 燃料)

2) loading and unloading expenses 装卸费 (loading: 装载 unloading: 卸载 = discharge)

3) port costs 港口费

三、决定运费的因素 (考试重点)

3-1 课文：When determining the freight rate, the carrier will also consider stowage factor, distance and the age-old principle of “What the traffic can bear”.

注释：determine: 决定，确定，测定 consider: 考虑，照顾 stowage factor: 积载因数(stowage: 装载，装载量 factor: 因素，要素，因数) distance: 距离，在这里引申为“航程” age-old: 古老的 traffic: 运输量，交通量 bear: 负担，承受

课文意思：在确定运费率时，承运人还将考虑积载因数，航程以及一个很古老的原则，即“运输所能承受”的原则。

3-2 课文：In fact, the principle of “what the traffic can bear” in effect means that commodities which are highly rated subsidize those which are rated lower.

注释：in fact: 实际上 in effect: 有效 commodities: 商品 highly: 高地，非常 rated: 定价的，额定的 subsidize: 补偿，资助

课文意思：实际上，“运输所能承受”原则是指高费率的商品可以补偿较低费率的商品。

3-3 课文：This principle was more commonly adopted in the past than the “cost of service” principle because of the problems involved in the computation of the actual unit costs.

注释：commonly: 普通地，一般地 adopt: 采用 in the past: 在过去 cost of service: 服务成本

computation: 计算，估计 unit: 个体，(计量)单位:

课文意思：“运输所能承受”原则在过去比“服务成本”原则更为普遍的采用，这是由于实际单位成本计算时所涉及到的问题.

3-4 课文：However, containerization with standardized cargo units has made the calculation of the service cost per unit easier than heterogeneous break bulk cargoes.

注释：however: 可是，无论如何，仍然 containerization: 货柜运输，货柜装货 standardized: 标准的，定型的 calculation: 计算，考虑 per unit: 每个单位 heterogeneous: 不同种类的 break bulk cargo：杂货，普通货物

课文意思：可是，计算货柜运输的标准货物单位的服务成本要比不同种类的普通货物的服务成本容易得多。

3-5 课文：The carriers are therefore increasingly adopting the “service cost” principle nowadays, particularly with a view to fighting competition.

注释：therefore: 因此，所以 increasingly: 日益，愈加 nowadays: 现今，现在 particularly: 独特地，显著地 with a view to: 着眼于，以…为目的，考虑到 fighting: 挑战性的，适于战斗的 competition: 竞争

课文意思：特别考虑到竞争因素，因此如今承运人日益采用“服务成本”原则。

3-6 课文：The open market rates are also taken into account. When commodities move in large quantities and are susceptible to charter competition, the rates may be left “open” so that a liner has the option of charging whatever is considered appropriate in the competitive situation.

注释：open market rate: 公开市场费率take into account: 重视，考虑 susceptible:易受影响的so that : 所以option: 选择权 charge: 收费，要价 appropriate: 适当的 competitive: 竞争的

课文意思：公开市场费率同样受到关注。当货物运输的数量大且易受到租船竞争的影响时，为了适合竞争环境，因此费率可能会公开，所以班轮运输在运费价格方面有了可供选择的权利。

3-7 课文：The liner rates are also subject to surcharges or adjustment factors which may be levied from time to time in order to enable the shipping lines to meet certain price variations in their inputs such as currency adjustment factor (CAF), the bunker adjustment factor (BAF) and port congestion surcharges.

注释：be subject to: 受…影响的 surcharge: 附加费用adjustment factor: 调整因素 levy: 征收 from time to time: 有时 in order to: 为了enable: 使能够 shipping line: 航运公司 variation: 变化，变更 input: 投入 currency adjustment factor: 货币贬值调整因素，货币贬值附加费bunker adjustment factor: 燃油价格调整因素，燃油附加费 port congestion surcharge: 港口拥挤附加费(congestion: 拥塞)

课文意思：班轮费率也受附加费和其他调节因素的影响而变化，这些费用可能会被不时征收以使航运公司应付投入中的价格变化，比如货币贬值的影响，燃油价格变化的调整因素和港口拥挤附加费。