新版新目标八上英语U3初中英语语法几个值得注意的比较级句式

比较级句式

大多数形容词和副词有三个等级：

原级、比较级、最高级。

一、形容词比较级的构成

1.构成的不规则变化:

2.构成的规则变化:

一、the+比较级, the+比较级

此句型表示后者随着前者的变化而变化，意为“越……就越……”，前者相当于一个条件句，因此，要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如：

The better I knew him, the more I liked him.我越了解他就越喜欢他。

The more difficult the questions are, the l ess likely I’ll be able to answer them.题目越难我越答不出。

二、the+比较级+of the two

表示“两者中较…的那个人或物”时，在比较级前加定冠词the。如：

He is the taller of the two.他是两人中较高的那个。

She was the more promising worker of the two.她是两人之中更有培养前途的工人。

三、比较级+and+比较级

1、此句型表示“越来越…”，单音节形容词或副词用“-er+and +-er”，如：

Things are getting better and better every day.情况一天天好起来。

2、此句型表示“越来越…”，多音节或部分双音节形容词或副词用“more and more+原形或less and less”。如：

It’s becoming more and more difficult to find a job.找工作越来越困难了。

Holiday nights are getting less and less expensive.假日机票越来越便宜了。

四、not +比较级+ than / no +比较级+ than

比较级前加not，表示前者不如后者，与not as…as相当；比较级前加no是对两者的否定，意为“和……一样不……”，与neither…nor…或“as+相反意义的形容词或副词+as”相当。如：He is not taller than me.他不如我高。

He is no taller than me.他同我一样不高。(即一样矮)

His English is not better than mine.他的英语不如我的英语好。

His English is no better than mine.他的英语同我的英语一样不好。(即一样差)

You are not more careful than he is.你不如他仔细。

You are no more careful than he is.你和他一样不仔细。(即一样粗心)

五、no more than与not more than

两者均可表示数量，前者表示“仅仅”、“只不过”，强调少；而后者表示“不多于”、“至多”。如：

This test takes no more than thirty minutes.这个测验只需30分钟。

For thirty years, he had done no more than he had needed to. 30年来，他只干了他需要干的工作。

He has not more than three children.他最多3个孩子(有或许还不到3个之意)。

六、no more…than与not more…than

两者均可用于比较，前者表示对两者都否定，意为“同……一样不”(=neither ... nor)；而后者则指两者虽都具有某种特征，但程度不同，意为“不如”、“不及”(= not so ... as)。如：

He is no more a writer than a painter.他不是画家，也不是作家。(= He is neither a painter nor a writer.)

He’s no more able to read Spanish than I am.他和我都读不懂西班牙语。(=Neither he nor I am not read Spanish.)

She is not more clever than he is.她不如他聪明。(= She is not so clever as he is.)

This book is not more difficult than that one.这本书不比那本书更难。(This book is not so difficult as that one.)

七、no less than与not less than

表示均可表示数量，前者意为“多达”、“有…之多”，强调多；后者表示“不下于”、“至少”。如：

He paid no less than ?,000 for it.他为此付了10000多美元。

He paid not less than ?,000 for it.他为此付的钱不下10000美元。

He walks no less than five miles to school.他上学至少要走五英里。

He has no less than seven daughters.他有七个女儿之多。

He has not less than seven daughters.他至少有七个女儿。

有时两者都可译为“至少”，但no less than语气比not less than要夸张，表示所涉及的数量比预料的要多，其用法可比较其反义结构no more than（只不过，只有），用于强调少。

八、no more …than与no less…than

前者意为“与…一样不”，否定两者；而后者则表示“和…一样”，肯定两者。如：

She’s no more a great singer than I am.他不是优秀歌手，我也不是。

Your brother is no less wise than you.你的兄弟跟你一样聪明。

A whale is no more a fish than a horse is.马不是鱼，鲸也不是鱼。

A dolphin is no less a clever animal than a dog is.海豚与狗同样都是聪明的动物。

九、less / least +原级

“less＋原级”表示降级的比较级；“least＋原级”表示降级的最高级。如：

Would you mind speaking less quickly?你可否讲得慢一点?

The movie was less funny than the book.电影没有书那么滑稽有趣。

This is the least useful of the four books.这是四本书中最没用的一本。

It is said that those who eat the most are the least healthy.据说吃得最多的人身体最差。

十、less…than…的用法

1.本身用作比较级：把more看成many或much的比较级，后接名词，表示“比…更多”。如：Statistics show that there are more boys than girls at school.统计数字表明学校的男生比女生多。

2.后接多音节形容词和副词：more后接多音节形容词或副词，前后是两个或两类人或物进行比较时，表示“比……更”。如：

Airports were more closely watched than anyplace else.飞机场比任何其他地方看守得更严密。

All human beings are much more intelligent than animals.所有人类的智力都比动物高得多。3.对同一对象的两个方面进行比较：若是对同一个人或物在不同方面进行取舍时，意为“与其说……倒不如……”，此时，不论形容词或副词是单音节、双音节还是多音节，一律用more…than…。如：

He is more hungry than tired.与其说他累了，倒不如说他饿了。

I was more annoyed than worried.我与其说是着急，不如说是生气。