中考英语《主要句式》使用解析及专题训练

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中考英语《主要句式》使用解析及专题训练

(一) 知识概要

肯定句与否定句之分。其中可以分为以下五种:①主语+不及物动词。如:I arrived

at six last night.②主语+及物动词+宾语,如:I bought a good English Chinese Dictionary yesterday.③主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语,如:Please tell me a story before I go to bed. 这样可加双宾语的句子有buy,tell, give, ask, pass, teach.④

主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语,如:I found it impossible to do it. Please keep the classroom clean and tidy.⑤主语+系动词+表语,如:Tom is an American boy. The grass turned green in spring.在初中常见的句型中有There be…句型,表示存在

某种事物,如:There is a map on the wall be动词的形式要与其后面相近的

那个名词相一致。要注意的是这种句型加入助动词后,也要保持be动词,不要

换用have,如:There is going to be a meeting tomorrow.

一致的问题,即句子的主语与谓语动词要相呼应。要注意的有如下几点:①用and连接两个主语时一般应视为复数,但如一人身兼两职时则要用单数谓语动词

形式,如:A singer and dancer is coming to our party. a singer and dancer 既歌唱又

可舞的演员。而 a singer and a dancer 则要译为:一位歌唱家和一位舞蹈家。②

有些以s 结尾的名词谓语动词要用单数,如:The news is good (news 为不可数

名词)。③有量词时应按量词的数量计算;如:This pair of glasses is good My glasses are broken. ④有些形单却意为复数的名词,如:People are coming here 这样的词还有Police,如果要讲一个警察时,应讲 a policeman。两个警察

为two policemen。又如 a policewoman, two policewomen⑤所有不定代词each,either,neither,one,the other,nobody,nothing,anyone,anything,someone,something …要作为单数如:Someone is waiting for you

句中表示联合关系的连词有:and not only …but also,neither …nor,either …or如: My sister and my parents are going to the cinema。表示转折关

系的并列连词有:but 和yet,如:She is a good student, but she didn't pass the final exam. 又如:I think the news is strange, yet it is true表示选择关系的连词有:or,either …or,如:Hurry up, or you will be late for school表示因果

关系的并列连词有:for,so 如:They studied very hard,so they all passed the exam(名词性从句)两种,而

定语从句(形容词性从句)要在高中讲述,为了使同学阅读文章方便,我们将在下

面另一章予以介绍。我们首先来看宾语从句。①在及物动词的后面可以接一个

名词来充当宾语,如:I knew the man, 而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语,

如:I knew that he was a good man这时宾语从句的连接词有that, (that 只在

从句中起联接作用,不在句中充当语法成分,既不是主语也不是宾语,所以在口

语中常常被省略。如:I am sure (that) she has passed the exam②if, whether 它

们在宾语从句中只起连接作用,不起语法作用,当作是否讲。从句中有or not 结

构时,要用whether, 如:I ask him if (whether) he has had his lunch I asks him whether he has had his lunch or not③what 它在宾语从句中除了作连接词外,还要作主语或宾语成份,如:I don't understand what you said(what 作said 的宾语)。又如:I asked him what made him sick (what 在宾语从句中作主语)。

④who,它也和what一样,在句中除作连接词外,可以充当句中的成份,如:

I know who she is looking for? ⑤whose 如:I want to know whose book this is?

⑥which 如:Do you know which book is mine?4个常用的

连接副词,①how 它的应用最广,如:how much, how many, how long, how soon, how old …。如:How much does it cost? ②when 它只是连接时间状语,如:Please tell me when the meeting will begin? ③where 它连接地点状语,如:Where are you from? ④why 它要连接的是原因状语从句,如:The teacher asked why Tom didn't come to school.

态与主句时态的呼应问题。①主句谓语动词如果是现在时或将来时,宾语从句

的时态可以是任何所需要的时态,如:I know he didn't come. 我知道他没来。

I know he will come tomorrow我知道他明天来。I know he has gone to London

我知道他已去伦敦了。②主句中的谓语动词若是过去时,宾语从句也要

用过去时态中的某一种。比如:一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去

完成时。除了在表达宇宙中的客观真理时,不能用现在时态。如:I wanted to know when he would come The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun

语从句主要有时间状语从句,其连接词有:after,before,when,as,as soon as,until (till),while,since,by until (till) 直到,在用until 表达时间状语的句子中,主句中的动词是要十分小心去

选择。如动词是持续性动词,它要用肯定句,如:I studied hard until 12 o'clock last night. 如果动词是瞬间截止性动词,则要用否定句,如:He didn't go to bed until his mother came back since,for,by,before 来引导的时间状

语从句。since 引导的时间状语是动作的开始时间,如:I have studied English since 而由by 引导的时间状语通常是动作的结束时间,如:I had learned 25 English songs by the end of last term而before 则多用于完成时,ago 则多用于一般过去时,如:He had finished his work before twelve yesterday I left my hometown two years ago③在状语从句中用一般现在时或一般过去

时表示将来。它们可能是主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时,如:If it rains, they won't go to the park on Sunday也可以主句是一般过去时,从句用一般过

去进行时,如:He said if it rained the next day he would not go to the park考试

中常见的考点有:要学生区别是条件、时间状语从句还是宾语从句,因在宾语从

句中该用什么时态用什么时态,如:I want to know if he will come here tomorrow 在宾语从句中的条件状语从句与主句的关系,如:I want to know if it rains he will come here tomorrow because,应译为"因为"。它表达的因果关系最强,如:He didn't pass the exam because he didn't study hard②since 应译为"既然",如:Since you were ill yesterday I left some notes on your desk③as 应译为"由于",如:As it is too hot we'd better go swimming since 与as 所表达的因果关系远比because 弱得多。而for 表达

的因果关系最弱。它不能用于句首,如:He studies hard, for he wants to go to college as …as,如:This book is as good as that one要注意的有两点:①as …as 中间要用原级而不是比较级。②用

形容词还是副词,如:Mary writes as carefully as Tom而其否定句为not as (so) …as,如:They didn't work so hard as we did, 而不同级比较用比较级加than, 如:He is younger than I am要注意的是表示"越来越"这一概念时有两

个句型:①比较级+and+比较级,如:The days are getting longer and longer

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