土木工程外文翻译

论高层剪力墙建筑施工中的技术管理要点

引言

在高层剪力墙建筑的施工中，技术管理是施工管理过程中的重要环节，施工中的质量、本钱、平安、进度均与技术管理严密相连。因而，只要搞好技术管理，才干控制高层剪力墙建筑施工的技术要点。

本文就高层剪力墙建筑施工中的技术管理要点作一引见。

施工管理目的确实定普通状况下，建筑工程施工管理的目的主要表如今以下几个方面：

设计图纸中呈现的问题必需提早处理，以免影响建筑工程的正常施工。

分局部项工程必需事前停止细致的、有针对性的技术平安交底。

施工计划的编制要科学、适用、经济，并停止动态管理，以利于及时优化。

技术档案材料要搜集齐全，整理划一，做到与工程同步。

积极推行和应用新技术、新工艺、新资料，使其成为降低工程本钱的手腕。

为完成目的而制定的管理措施. 图纸会审、设计变卦的签定检查施工图时，要从以下几

方面人手：

先检查建筑施工图，初步理解工程的概略、工程作法、功用和门窗的详细位置。

复核建筑尺寸、标高等。

再检查构造图，校核尺寸、标高，并思索配筋能否合理。

将建施图与结施图对照校核。

在检查图的同时要思索细部的施工计划。

及时同设计人员沟通。

在井泓房地产高层住宅楼的施工中，施工单位在图纸中共发现问题80余处，并及时纠

正了错误，防止了许多不用要的经济损失。

技术交底要精确到位分局部项工程技术交底的内容要细致，特别是关键部位的处置措施、施工留意事项、工程质量请求等均要写分明。

做好与工长、劳务队班长的沟通、交流工作，确保交底内容精确无误。

施工计划的选择和优化施工计划的正确与否直接关系到工程的施工进度、质量和工程本

钱的上下，因此施工计划确实定与选择就成为技术管理的重点。要精确肯定高层建筑的施工

计划，必需对工程的周边环境、施工进度、质量规范等停止全方位的理解，并在施工过程中

不时地总结经历，勤考虑、善打破，多构思几套施工计划，加以比拟，优化施行。在井泓高层住宅楼施工中，主要思索了以下几项细部计划。

土方开挖计划的选择依据工程的特性和周边环境的状况，施工单位分层选用了大小发掘

机停止开挖，桩顶土. 1 m厚约5 000 m ，用大的履带式反铲机开挖；桩间土约4 751 m ,

比拟规整，采用小反铲发掘机配合人工挖土，这样相比，单纯的人工挖土能够进步工效；依

据详细状况，分别肯定了开挖方向，行车道路；劳务队应用了CFG桩的布置方位，特制了的

挖斗，到达了进步工效的目的。

理论证明，该工程采用了上述计划后，开挖土方，破桩 1 201根（约166 m ），工期共计9 d,投入机械台班31个，劳力405个工日，而预算需投入机械台班41个，劳力996个工日，节约工程本钱约2. 03万元。

转料平台搭设计划高层建筑的转料平台是应用频率最高的施工部位，转料平台的结实

性和便当性直接关系到工程能否按工期顺利停止。经研讨，该工程否认了应用简易钢管扣件

搭设挑架式转料平台的计划，而是采用两根号槽钢作主梁，8号槽钢作次梁，间距1m伸人

室内1. 5 m主梁端部和中部用16号钢丝绳斜向上拉固定，上铺竹架板，四周焊栏杆围护的

特制转料平台，并细致地停止了位置的布置，全方位地满足了施工需求，节约了本钱，起到

了双赢的成效。

模板计划的选定该工程为全剪力墙构造，平面设计以伸缩缝为界，对称布置，每层剪力

墙面积3 600 1TI。鉴于这种状况，思索采用大钢模系统。这样做，在工期和施工本钱的降低上均优于小钢模系统和竹胶模板系统。

因而，该工程决议采取大钢模系统，采用传统的型钢背楞与6mm厚的钢板板面焊接而

成。

该工程在装置模板时，又在细部采取了相应的技术措施，如设置伸缩缝、为确保墙体的

截面尺寸采取措施等。

伸缩缝的设置：该工程伸缩缝宽30 cm,长.4 1TI，采用聚苯板替代模板，共需聚苯板

235 仃I 。

为理解决操作不便的问题，采取穿墙螺栓用两边均为丝扣衔接螺杆，预先将螺杆焊在垫片，再将垫片焊在伸缩缝处装置的大模板纵肋上并固定，待墙体内外模板吊装就位后，再将螺杆从里侧穿人并加固。

拆模时，松动里侧螺帽，旋转拆出螺杆，既便当又省力。

为确保墙体的截面尺寸采取的措施：在暗柱箍筋上或墙体程度筋上点焊12 mm的钢筋，钢筋长度比墙厚小2 mm,其布置办法为：竖向根部距空中15?20 cm处（即第一道箍筋处），顶部位于最顶一道箍筋处，每块大模板程度方向只需焊接3根既两端与中间部位）。这样，经过加固确保了剪力墙的几何尺寸。

档案材料的搜集与整理材料的搜集主要从以下几方面着手：

熟习材料，整理目录。

填写要认真细致、内容齐全。

搜集工作要及时精确，并附有必要的书面通知。

“保证材料”局部要控制好所代表的批量和运用部位并填写正确。

要树立好材料搜集台帐，便于查找和运用。

为业主和监理单位送达的材料应请求承受人签收，以防事后对方不予认可。

在材料的整理过程中，若没有相应的规则表格，则应有合适本工程的材料方式。

作为施工企业现场技术管理的重点内容，施工现场签证要有相应的方式、办法和技巧。

依据以往的经历和山西建筑市场的现状，现场签证应留意以下几方面的问题：

要熟习和控制本工程的合同、标准、定额和施工图纸。

在办理签证前，要先经过造价的计算，准备好实践签证时造价的计取方式。

若定额中没有相应子目的局部，要签定定包价，以防为日后的完工结算留下后患。

签证量较大时，或触及到造价调整较大的签证，要化整为零，考究签定的艺术性。

对管理不标准的建立单位拒不签认的状况下，应树立文件的送达台帐，并采用坦率的方

式想方法处理。

作为施工现场的技术人员，要全面理解签证双方的状况。

关于因设计缘由和业主缘由形成的返工项目，要在事前或规则的时间内停止签证，若对方拒不签认，要及时停工并将施工的项目和部位应用图片等方式记载下来，以备后用。

关于施工签证的办理，施工企业的技术人员、预结算人员、工长要结合停止办理，避免丢漏和无法计价等状况的发作。

积极推行和应用新技术、新工艺、新资料在高层建筑的施工过程中，积极地推行和应用

新技术、新工艺、新资料显得特别重要。在井泓高层住宅楼施工中，主要运用了以下几项新

措施：

关于冷扎扭钢筋、电渣压力焊、竹胶模等，应纯熟控制技术要领，并理解其质量预控的重要环节，即要认真、细致地停止技术交底，使工人明白技术要点、工艺规范和质量规范，为工程各项指标的顺利完成奠定良好的根底。

关于新技术、新工艺等的应用，要提早细致查看和研讨该方面的材料，并分离工程的详

细状况，纯熟控制操作要领和施工中的留意事项，并对现场施工人员停止细致的交底和恰当

的培训。如在外墙保温板上抹灰，常见的质量通病是外表龟裂。为了预防这一质量通病，采用泥砂浆EC抗裂剂及聚合物砂浆，既改良了外墙聚苯板保温层的抹灰工艺，又降低了施工工程的本钱。

外墙聚苯板保温层的抹灰工艺为：

将钢丝网架聚苯板与基层固定结实（阴、阳角处及聚苯板接缝处必需加钢丝网）。

保温板上刷一层界面处置剂。

厚的1：3水泥砂浆打底（水泥砂浆内掺抗裂剂）。

厚的1：3水泥砂浆找平（水泥砂浆内掺抗裂剂）。

厚的聚合物抗裂砂浆，外表夹一层玻璃网格布，压实赶光（玻璃网格布为耐碱性）。

喷涂外墙涂料。

结语在高层建筑施工中，一定要纯熟控制施工技术管理要点。只要控制好各种管理要点，

才干控制了施工的主线。此外，还要应用新技术、新工艺、新资料，控制高层剪力墙建筑的垂直度、剪力墙的平整度以及外墙裂痕等技术控制难点，节约资金投入，降低工程本钱，为

企业取得更大的经济效益。

On the main points of the technical management of the high-rise shear wall construction

Introduction

In the con structi on of high-rise shear wall buildi ngs, tech no logy man ageme nt

is an importa nt link in the process of con struct ion man ageme nt, con struct ion quality, capital, peace,progress and tech no logy man ageme nt closely conn ected. Thus, as long as do a good job in tech no logy man ageme nt, ability to con trol the high-rise shear wall con struct ion tech niq ues. In this paper, the points of the technical management of high-rise shear wall

con struct ion fora in troducti ons.

The purpose of con structi on man ageme nt is in deed give n the ordinary situati on,

the main purpose of buildi ng con struct ion man ageme nt table now the followi ng aspects:

The issues prese nted in the desig n draw ings n ecessary for early treatme nt, so

as not to affect the no rmal con struct ion of the buildi ng works.

Branch of the Ministry of works necessary prior to stop detailed, targeted

tech no logy safelytell smb. What on e's real inten ti ons are.

The preparation of construction plans scienee, applicable to, economic, and stop

thedy namic man ageme nt, i n order to facilitate timely optimizati on.

Technical archival material to collect complete and collate a uniform, to achievesynchronization with the project.

Impleme ntati on and applicati on of new tech no logies, new processes, new

in formatio n, making it the wrist to reduce project capital.

Developed for the completi on of the purpose and man ageme nt measures. Draw ings

review ing the desig n cha nged their mind and sig ned a check on the con struct ion

pla ns,staffi ng, from the follow ing aspects:

First check the con structi on pla ns, prelim inary un dersta nding of the detailed

positi on of thebroad engin eeri ng, engin eeri ng practice, the function of win dows

and doors.

Review of build ing size, elevati on, and so on.

And the n check the structural map, check ing the size, elevati on, and thi nking

can reas on ably rein forceme nt.

Built facilities map and statement Shi Figure control check.

Check the map at the same time to think about the detailed con struct ion pla ns.

Timely com muni cati on with the desig ners.

Well Hung real estate high-rise reside ntial build ing con struct ion, the con struct ion un it i n thedraw ings the Chin ese Communi sts find I 8O at the problem, and promptly corrected theerror, to preve nt econo mic losses do not want to.

Tech nical tests to accurately place the contents of the tech ni cal disclosure

of the Branch ofthe Ministry of project to be careful, in particular, is a key

part of measures to deal with, con struct ion and atte nti on to matters, the quality of the project requests, etc. to write clearly.

Good com muni cati on with the forema n, labor team squad, excha nge, en sure precise Jiaodic ontent.

Selectio n and optimizati on of the con structi on pla ns of con struct ion program is correct or not directly related to the project's con struct ion schedule, quality and engin eeri ng capital ofthe upper and lower con structi on pla ns in deed give n the choice to become the focus oftech no logy man ageme nt. To be precise affirmati on of high-rise buildi ng con struct ion pla n, it is n ecessary to stop the all-ro und

un dersta nding of the surro unding environment of theproject, con struct ion progress,

quality specificati ons, and summary of experie nee in the con struct ion process from time to time, to con sider dilige nee, good break, the idea of several sets of

con struct ion pla ns an alogy, optimizati on purposes. Well Hung high-rise reside ntial buildi ng con struct ion, mainly thinking about the follow ing detailed pla ns.

Choice of earth excavati on pla n based on the engin eeri ng characteristics and surro unding environment con diti ons, the con struct ion un it stratified select ion of the size of the excavati onm

achi ne to stop excavatio n, pile top soil. 1 m thick and 5 000 m, with large crawler backhoemach ine excavati on; soil betwee n piles of about 4 751 m, unm atched structured, using asmall backhoe excavati on mach ine and in conj unction with excavati on, so that compared toa simple artificial excavati on I can still improve efficiency; in accordanee with detailedconditions, respectively, con firmed the excavati on directi on, carriageways; applicati on ofCFG pile layout orie ntati on to the labor team, a special bucket to reach the goal of

progresserg onomics.

Theoretical proof that the project using the above scheme, the excavatio n of earth, broke npiles 1 201 (about 166 m), the duration of a total of 9 d, i nput Jixietaiba n 31,405 labor-days, and the budget required to put the mecha nical unitsClass 41, 996 labor-days, savingabout 2 of the project capital. O3ten thousand

yua n.

The tran sfer material platform turn feed ing platform erect ion of the pla nned high-rise building construction site of the applied frequency, the transfer material platform of strongand lunch is directly related to the project can be successfully stopped according

toduration. After discussion, the project has denied the

applicati on of simple steel faste nerserecti on pick rack pla ns to turn the feedi ng platform, in stead of using two No. cha nn elprimary beam, on the 8th cha nnel beam spaci ng of 1 m, Nobuhito in door 1 .5 m, the main beam ends and cen tral pull on the rope in cli ned to use the 16th fixed, capped with laddersboard, weldi ng rail ings around the building envelope, the special transfer material platform,and was careful

to stop the layout of the locati on, to meet con struct ion n eeds, sav in gcapital, played a win-win results.

The selected template pla n the project for the whole shear wall con structed, the expa nsion joi nts for the graphic desig n, are arra nged symmetrically on each shear wall area of 3 6001TI. Given this situation, thinking the large steel system. In doing so, the reduct ion of thedurati on and con structi on of capital are better

than the system of small steel and bamboorubber template system.

Thus, the project decided to adopt the system of large steel welded using traditi onal steelback shocked with a 6 mm thick steel plate surface.

Of the project in the device template in detail to take appropriate tech ni cal

measures, such as in stalli ng expa nsion join ts, and take measures to en sure that

the wall secti on size.

The set of join ts: the project expa nsion joint width of 30 cm long. 4 1TI,

polystyre ne boardreplaceme nt templates, the totali ng polystyre ne board 235 1TI.

Man ageme nt to solve the problem of the man euver, take n through the wall bolt

con verge ncescrew are threaded on both sides, pre-welded on the screw gasket, and

then the gasketwelding on the expansion joints at the device template Iongitudinal ribs and fixed, un til afterthe hoist ing of the wall in side and outside the template,

and the n screw from the side to wear and rein forceme nt.

Form removal, loose side of the nut, the rotati on demoliti on of a screw, both

lunch and effort.

To en sure that the measures take n by the sect ion size of the wall: spot 12 mm

in the darkcolu mn stirrups on the wall or on the degree of rein forceme nt steel

bar, steel bar length than the wall thickness of 2 mm,arranged that way for: vertical roots from the air