新课标人教版高一英语必修一U1 Friendship 直接引语间接引语(1)语法讲解与练习

高一英语必修一U1语法专题

直接引语和间接引语(1)

Name：_______________ Tel：_______________

Warming up:

一、概念

1．直接引语：当我们引用别人的话语时，如果引用的是原话，被引用的部分就叫作直接引语。

The teacher asked, “Do you like English？”

The girl said, “I like English very much.”

[注意]引语前常使用逗号，而不是冒号；

引号内直接引语的第一个单词的首字母要大写。

2．间接引语：当我们要引用别人的话语时，可以用自己的话把意思转述过来，被转述的部分就叫作间接引语。

The teacher asked the girl if she liked English.

The girl said that she liked English very much.

[注意]间接引语不用逗号、引号；

间接引语要考虑人称、时态、时间状语、地点状语和指示代词等的变化。

二、直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则

1．人称的变化

直接引语变为间接引语时，人称代词要根据转述人立场的变化作相应的改变。

[巧学助记]直接引语变间接引语人称变化口诀：“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。”

(1)“一随主”。指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称而变化。

(2)“二随宾”。指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称所修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。

(3)“第三人称不更新”。指直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。

2．时态的变化

直接引语变为间接引语时，动词变化如下表：

[点津]在下面几种情况中，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态不发生变化。

①直接引语是客观真理、谚语和格言时，其时态不变。

“The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth，” the teacher told me.

→The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth.

②直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。

Tom said, “I was born on April 21, 1980.”

→Tom said he was born on April 21, 1980.

3．指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化

4.连接词的选择

(1)直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，常变成由that引导的宾语从句。在口语中，that可以省略。

He said, “I was cooking when the earthquake happened.”

→He said (that) he was cooking when the earthquake happened.

[点津]直接引语是陈述句时，若变为间接引语，主句谓语动词said to sb.常改为told sb.。

She said to me, “I came back an hour ago.”

→She told me (that) she had come back an hour before.

(2)直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句时，间接引语中用whether (... or ...或．.. or not)或if引导。

He said, “Are you interested in English？”

→He asked (me) if/whether I was interested in English.

[点津]如果主句中谓语动词是said，则将其改为asked。

(3)直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语仍用原句中的特殊疑问词来引导，其余的变化遵照直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则来进行。

“What’s your name？” he asked me.

→He asked me what my name was.

[点津]疑问句的直接引语变间接引语时，要把疑问语序变成陈述语序。

专题练习

Part 1 基础过关

一.请把间接引语补充完整

1．Henry said, “I don’t want to stay here.”

→Henry that he to stay there.

2．My teacher asked me, “Do you like American country music？”

→My teacher asked me American country music. 3．She asked me, “What’s the matter with you？”

→She asked me . 4．My father said, “I worked here twenty years ago.”

→My father said that he had worked twenty years . 5．The geography teacher said to us，“The earth turns around the sun.”

→The geography teacher told us that

.

二.请指出间接引语中的错误并改正

1．She said, “This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.”

→She said that this was the house in which Lu Xun had once lived. 2．“I bought these flowers for you，” Jane said.

→Jane said that she had bought these flowers for me.

3．He said, “I spoke to them yesterday.”

→He said that he had spoken to them the day ago.

4．“Come here, please，” he said.

→He asked me to come there.

5．I asked him, “Will you stay at home tonight？”

→I asked whether he would stay at home this night.

Part 2 能力提升

一.将下列句子变为间接引语

1．Mr.Wang said，“I will leave for Shanghai on business next month, children.”_________________________________________________________________ 2．“I haven't heard from my parents these days，”said Mary.

_________________________________________________________________ 3．She said，“Light travels much faster than sound.”

_________________________________________________________________ 4．Zhang Hong said to me，“Doctor Wang passed away in 1948.”

_________________________________________________________________ 5．“What's wrong with you, Granny？”the doctor asked.

_________________________________________________________________ 6．“Have you got anything interesting I can read，George？”she asked.

_________________________________________________________________ 7．“She's here to ask for help, isn't she？”he asked.

_________________________________________________________________ 8．“Where are you going？”the father asked his son.

_________________________________________________________________ 9．The teacher said to Li Ming，“Have you finished your homework？”

_________________________________________________________________ 10．He said，“I was driving carefully when the accident happened.”

_________________________________________________________________

二．用括号内动词的适当形式填空

1．My father asked me if I ________(finish) my homework before I played basketball with my friends.

2．Peter said he ________(listen) to music when his mother knocked on the door.

3．My teacher told us that practice ________(make) perfect.

4．It was reported that a new square ________(build) in our city the next year.

5．Linda said that her car ________(break) down on her way home the other day.

6．Our teacher told us that he ________(give) an examination the next Friday.

7．He asked me if I ________(have) any difficulty with my English.

8．Tim told his classmates that he ________(be) to the Forbidden City three times.

课后练习参考答案及解析

Part 1 基础过关

一、根据直接引语完成下列句子

(1) The officer said, “Go away.”

The officer ordered ____us to go away _____________________________.

(2) “Please don’t do it again,” he said.

He asked ____me not to do it again_____________________________. (3) “Let’s go for a walk.” said my friend.

My friend suggested _____going for a walk ____________________________.

(4) “Why don’t you try again after supper?” he asked.

He advised ______________me to try____________ again after supper.

二．将下列间接引语变为直接引语

1. He asked Mark to calm down.

“______Calm down, Mark___________________,” he said.

2. He warned us not to swim in that river.

“_____Don’t swim in this river____________,” he warned us.

3. She advised me to set my feelings down on paper.

“___You’d better/You should set your feelings down on paper____,” she said.

4. He ordered that I should let her go.

___“Let her go,” he ordered me.

5. He asked me to show him some of those photos.

“Could you please show me/Why don’t you show me some of these photos?” he asked.

6. The girl asked everyone not to laugh at her.

“Don’t laugh at me_,” the girl said to everyone.

7. My little brother suggested going filling this weekend.

“_ Let’s go fishing_ this weekend,” said my little brother.

8. Jane advised us to take a walk after supper.

“Shall we take a walk_after supper?” Jane asked.

9. She advised us to try it again.

“Why don’t you/Would you please try it again?” she asked.

10. She asked me to call her a taxi.

“Could/Would you call me a taxi, please ?” she asked.

三．下列各句均有一处错误，请找出并改正

1．The teacher told the students that they will(would) have a picnic.

2．Barbara asked her friend don't (not to) worry about the result of the exam.

3．The policeman asked the old man where was his home.(语序问题）

was his home→his home was

4．Mother told me that she (had) bought a computer for me the day before.

5．The leader ordered us not (to) give up our dream of being free.

Part 2 能力提升

Ⅰ.将所给的直接引语变为间接引语

1．解析：将直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意人称、时态、句式和时间状语的变化。本题直接引语变为间接引语时需要把一般过去时变为过去完成时，人称代词you需要变为I，时间状语last Saturday需要变为the Saturday before，陈述句需要变为whether/if引导的宾语从句。

答案：Mary asked me if/whether I had taken part in Anne's party the Saturday before.

2．解析：将直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意句式和人称代词的变化。因为直接引语是祈使句，因此需要把引号去掉变为不定式符号to，said变为asked/ordered，人称代词yourselves需要变为ourselves。

答案：Miss Smith asked/ordered us to correct the mistakes ourselves.

3．解析：将直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意句式的变化。因为直接引语是祈使句，因此需要把引号去掉变为不定式符号to，said变为told/asked。

答案：The teacher told/asked me to clean the blackboard after class.

4．解析：将直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意时态的变化。在直接引语变为间接引语

时，直接引语中的一般现在时要变为一般过去时。

答案：He said (that) most of the students showed great interest in the painting.

5．解析：将直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意人称、时态和句式的变化。本题直接引语变为间接引语时需要把现在进行时变为过去进行时，人称代词you需要变为he，直接引语为特殊疑问句，在变为间接引语时，要变为what引导的宾语从句，注意宾语从句中要用陈述语序。

答案：Mother asked Tom what he was doing in the room.

6．解析：将直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意人称、时态和句式的变化。本题直接引语变为间接引语时需要把一般过去时变为过去完成时，人称代词you需要变为I，直接引语为强调句的特殊疑问句，在变为间接引语时，要变为where引导的宾语从句，注意宾语从句中要用陈述语序。

答案：The policeman asked me where it was that I had lost my key to the classroom.

7．解析：将直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意时态的变化。直接引语变为间接引语时需要把现在完成时变为过去完成时。

答案：I told Mum that I had already learned about 2,000 English words.

8．解析：将直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意人称、时态和句式的变化。本题直接引语变为间接引语时需要把一般现在时变为一般过去时，人称代词you需要变为he，一般疑问句变为whether/if引导的宾语从句。

答案：The girl asked Tom if/whether he thought a diary could become his friend.

9．解析：将直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意时态、句式和时间状语的变化。本题直接引语变为间接引语时需要把一般将来时变为过去将来时，时间状语tomorrow evening需要变为the next evening。

答案：My brother said there was going to be an English film the next evening.

10．解析：将直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意人称、地点状语和时态的变化。本题直接引语变为间接引语时需要把一般过去时变为过去完成时，人称代词需和间接引语的主语保持一致，故将I变为he，my改为his，地点状语here需改为there。

答案：He told me he had been there to see his brother.

Ⅱ.翻译句子

1．他说：“比尔，快点！”

He_said,_“Bill,_hurry_up！”

2．他告诉孩子们不要发出噪声。

He_told_the_children_not_to_make_noises. 3．他问我是否可以借给他10元钱。

He asked me if/whether I could lend him 10 yuan. 4．他建议今晚召开一次会议。

He_suggested__holding_a_meeting_tonight. 5．他让贝蒂去关窗户。

He_asked_Betty_to_close_the_window.