(2019年最全最实用)英文版工作计划WORK PLAN

英文版工作计划WORK

PLAN

Module 15: WORK PLAN

OBJECTIVES

At the end of this session you should be able to:

1. Describe the characteristics and purposes of various project planning and scheduling

techniques such as ‘work scheduling’ and ‘GANTT charting’;

2. Determine the various tasks and the staff you need for your project and justify any

additional staff (research assistants, supervisors) apart from the research team that

developed the proposal, where you will recruit them, for how long a period you need them, and how you will train and supervise them.

3. Prepare a work schedule, GANTT chart and staffing plan for the project proposal you are

developing.

1. Introduction

2. Work scheduling and planning techniques

I. INTRODUCTION

What is a work plan?

A WORK PLAN is a schedule, chart or graph that summarises the different components of a research project and how they will be implemented in a coherent way within a specific time-span. It may include:

?The tasks to be performed;

?When and where the tasks will be performed; and

?Who will perform the tasks and the time each person will spend on them.

II. VARIOUS WORK SCHEDULING AND PLANNING TECHNIQUES

1. The work schedule

A WORK SCHEDULE is a table that summarises the tasks to be performed in a research project, the duration of each activity and who is responsible for the different tasks.

The version of a work schedule given on the following page includes:

?The tasks to be performed;

?The dates each task should begin and be completed;

?Research team, research assistants and support staff (drivers, typists) assigned to the tasks

?Person-days required by research team members, research assistants and support staff (The number of person-days equals the number of working days per person)

Note:

The period for field research for the course project should not exceed 6 months. Week 1 is the first week after completion of the present workshop.

This work schedule was developed for a study of factors associated with maternal mortality in Mongo district, Zambia. The research team consisted of five persons (mainly district health team members). The study consisted of two main parts: (1) analysis of health facility-based maternal deaths; and (2) analysis of community-based maternal deaths.

EXAMPLE OF A WORK SCHEDULE:

Factors associated with maternal mortality, Mongo district, Zambia

You will notice that each team member roughly spent 30 working days on the research, except the Senior Clinical Officer who was the Team Leader. He spent time to recruit research assistants and to visit district authorities to obtain their support for the study. Though he integrated these tasks with his normal clinical duties, he spent about 6 more working days than the other team members did. Five research assistants were recruited to assist with the interviewing. The number of working days required (20) were multiplied by five (for the research team as well as for the research assistants) to arrive at the number of person-days. Another 21 days (6+15) were spent on data analysis and report writing, whereas three days were reserved for feedback of findings and preliminary recommendations to all parties concerned, and two for drafting a plan of action to implement them.

How to develop a work schedule

?Review and revise, if necessary, the list of tasks you prepared for your Plan for Data Collection (Module 12). Add to the list other tasks you must complete not related to data collection (such as clearance of proposal; data analysis and report writing; and feedback to authorities and target group). Number all tasks.

?Now review the staffing for the different tasks, taking into account your experience during the pre-test. Consider:

— Who will carry out which tasks;

—The amount of time needed per research unit (interview/observation/record) including

travel time; and

—The number of staff needed to complete each task in the planned period of time.

Make revisions, if required. Complete the staffing for the tasks you have just added.

?Consider whether the use of short-term consultants is necessary for certain tasks. Always consider using local consultants. If consultants are used, involve them in the planning

stage of the project so you can incorporate any useful suggestions they may have

concerning the design of the methodology.

In reviewing your tentative staffing plan you should ask:

?Are the types of personnel and levels of expertise you require likely to be available for the project? For example, is there a sufficient range of disciplines available including, where appropriate, personnel from outside the health field?

?If special staff has to be recruited or reassigned from other ministries or agencies, what regulations or procedures will have to be followed?

?Is the staffing plan realistic, taking into account the project budget that is likely to be available?

?To what extent can community members, traditional healers, students or other nonprofessionals be involved in the study?

?What training would the research assistants/data collectors require? How long would the training last? Who would do the training? How do you intend to supervise the

assistants/data collectors? Review what you have tentatively planned in Module 12 and revise it, as necessary.

Then fix the dates (in weeks) indicating the period in which each task will have to be carried out and calculate the number of working days per person required to complete each task.